Continuous land cover change monitoring in the remote sensing big data era

<正>Since the late 20th century,global change issues have attracted lots of attention.As a key component of global changes,land cover and land use information has been increasingly important for improved understanding of global environmental changes and feedbacks between social and environmental systems(Verburg et al.,2015).A set of national and global scale land cover/use products with higher spatial and temporal resolutions have been developed to fill this gap.In China,existing efforts include China’s National     

大数据时代的地球动力学数值计算方法回顾与展望

随着大数据时代的到来,计算地球动力学数值计算方法体系更加完善.本文系统地回顾了传统数值模拟方法在计算地球动力学领域的应用进展,包括:有限差分法、有限单元法、谱方法和谱元法;并对近年来一些新发展的算法和应用前景进行了综述,如:不连续Galerkin法、小波方法和格子玻尔兹曼方法等.本综述有助于读者以整体视角了解地球动力学数值计算方法的发展脉络,并对大数据时代下研究适应日益丰富的数据和新算法提供有益参考.     

Application of HPC and big data in post-pandemic times

We lay out the ramifications of the 2020 pandemic for all people in geosciences, especially the young, and argue for significant changes on training and career development. We focus primarily on its devastating impact in USA and compare with that in other countries especially China. We review the potential effect for the next four years or so on the aspirations of an academic career versus more realistic career goals. We urge people in mid-career about the need to reassess previous goals. We stress the need for students or researchers to acquire technical skills in high-performance computing (HPC), data analytics, artificial intelligence, and/or visualization along with a broad set of technical skills in applied computer science and mathematics. We give advice about hot prospects in several areas that have great potential for advancement in the coming decade, such as visualization, deep learning, quantum computing and information, and cloud computing, all of which lie within the aegis of HPC. Our forecast is that the pandemic will significantly reshape the job landscape and career paths for both young and established researchers and we discuss bluntly the dire situation facing junior people in geosciences in the aftermath of the pandemic around the world until 2024.     

基于大数据技术的地震数据处理新思路

现代地震观测积累了大量、种类繁多的地震前兆数据和震后数据,但数据中隐含的地震规律及趋势无法用经典的算例、数学公式、物理公式进行定量解释、分析和预测,需要探索新方法、新技术。案例表明,大数据分析具有预测事物发展趋势、改变传统观念和发现新事物的功能,有助于从错误信息中挖掘有价值信息。本文由此提出基于大数据技术处理地震数据的新思路,对地震监测预报新思路进行探索;通过在大数据平台上基于地震目录的余震预测研究,给出大数据技术在地震数据处理方面的一个应用实例,验证该思路的可行性。     

地学论文中常见的一些问题及应对措施

一些地学科技论文写作欠规范，是编辑每天都会遇到的实际问题，纠正这些不正确、不规范之处，需要耗费编辑大量的精力。根据编辑实践，将地学论文与相关期刊中较常见的一些问题归纳出来，并提出了应对措施。     

基于区域测井大数据和实验资料的储层流动单元渗透率建模方法

渗透率是反映储层渗流特性的参数,其对研究油气运移及油气田勘探开发具有重要意义.目前渗透率计算模型大多精度较低,主要原因是储层纵横向的非均质性和孔隙结构的巨大差异,且现有计算模型适用范围小,应用资料种类单一,不能综合反映区域特征.本文以西湖凹陷3个区带7个构造29 口探井的测井资料和岩石物理实验分析资料为研究基础,应用1...     

小台站的大数据和云计算设想

地球科学是一门观测科学,相关科学研究及公益服务,如气象、地震等,都依赖于野外台站的观测。目前,由于多种因素的作用,导致台站观测和后续分析应用严重脱节。本文基于大数据和云计算的思想,将台站工作和目前后续研究中心的工作进行有机结合,提出了一套新的工作思路,即将数据计算分析和区域监测预报的工作由台站来完成,然后由一个综合的数据中心负责存储和管理台站提供的"大数据"信息,并根据台站需要和反馈情况研发相关软件,为台站的分析计算提供云计算的平台。     

地球科学的未来--IASPEI青年科学家的展望

国际测地学与地球物理学联合会(IU-GG)是一个为促进和协调在地球的物理、化学、数学性质及地球的空间环境方面研究的组织。其研究内容包括：地球的形状，地球重力场河地磁场的性质，地球作为一个整体及其组成部分的动力学性质，地球的内部     

Geomagnetism in the satellite era

Kathryn A Whaler considers the opportunities and challenges arising from the greatly enhanced geomagnetism data sets now available, in her 2006 Presidential Address.     

Resolution assessment of the three-dimensional acquisition geometry of the Anhui experiment in "Geoscience Yangtze Plan"

According to the actual observation conditions of the Yangtze River valley from Anqing city to Maanshan city, we designed the 3D acquisition geometry, and applied the multi-scale checkerboard semblance analysis to assess the preliminary resolution of the designed observation. The checkerboard semblance tests use the refraction and reflection travel-time simultaneous inversion algorithm to quantitatively provide both resolution assessment of velocity structure and Moho topography. The multi-scale checkerboard semblance recovery results show that while the checkerboard semblance threshold value is 0.5, the preliminary resolution of the designed acquisition geometry is better than 10 km in the upper crust (the depth is less than 10 km), around 15 km in the mid-crust (the depth is 10?25 km), and better than 20 km in the lower crust (the depth is 25?33 km). The preliminary tomographic resolution for the Moho topography is about 20 km in the ray-path coverage area beneath the acquisition geometry. While the checkerboard semblance threshold value is 0.75, the preliminary resolution is 20 km in the upper crust, around 20?25 km in the mid-crust and 25 km in the lower crust. And the preliminary tomographic resolution for the Moho topography is better than 30 km in the ray-path coverage area beneath the acquisition geometry. These non-linear checkerboard tests reveal that the designed acquisition geometry is suitable to image the crustal velocity structure of the Yangtze River valley in the Anhui province.     

推进地学创新的地壳形变大地测量学

现代大地测量学是当今信息时代最具活力的一门地学基础学科,它在地震预报中的应用促进了一门前沿交叉新学科－－地壳形变大地测量学的形成。地壳形变大地测量学是击破地震预报两个“瓶颈”－－“时空信息不足”和“应用基础研究薄弱”的有力武器。它证实地壳动力学的基本状态不是“自组织临界状态”而是“自组织”,因而地震是可能预报的;它开创了“时空图像动力学预报的新途径,发现了几种可望具有重现性的地震前兆。在论述地壳形变大地测量学的形成,给出学科初步定义,评估成绩和问题的基础上,该文当前的研究工作提出了7项建议。     

Advances in noctilucent cloud research in the space era

A summary of NLC research in the last two decades is presented. Results of NLC studies from the near-Earth space are discussed. It is shown that NLC can cover much larger territories than those estimated earlier and that there exists asymmetry in the coverage and also in the physical properties of NLC in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The mesopause often reveals a compelx multilayered structure. The pilot program of NLC research is discussed as a subprogram of the Middle Atmosphere Program and some vistas in NLC research are discussed.     

From solar terms to medical terms (Part I): A first step with big data

The story of the Twenty-four Solar Terms (24-STs) is one of the most popular elements in Chinese culture, which has a profound influence on agriculture production, health care, and even daily life in both ancient and modern China. This traditional calendric system was invented by the Chinese ancestors through combining fundamental astronomical knowledge with climatic and phenological conditions in the Yellow River Basin some 2000 years ago. Although the basic philosophy of the 24-STs remains valid for the country as a whole to date, their regional robustness has been increasingly challenged by accumulating observational data in terms of temporal shift and spatial inhomogeneity. To tackle these issues, we propose to recalibrate the medically related critical timings of Great Heat and Great Cold in the classic ST system by using big meteorological data, and adjust them by introducing geographically correlated analytical models. As a result, a novel calendric system, called the Twenty-four Medical Terms (24-MTs), has been developed as an upgraded version of the traditional 24-STs. The proposed 24-MTs are characterized by two striking features with respect to the 24-STs: A varying duration of each MT instead of a fixed one for the ST, and a geographically dependent timing for each MT instead of a unified one for the entire nation. As such, the updated 24-MTs are expected to provide a more realistic estimate of these critical timings around the year, and hence, a more precise guidance to agronomic planning and health care activity in China.     

台湾-阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金-龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构

通过分析阿尔金—龙门山地学断面的地震资料,建立了该剖面的地壳纵波速度结构。研究结果表明,阿尔金北侧的塔里木盆地地区莫霍面为50km,而在其南侧的祁连地块莫霍面突然加深至73km,在柴达木盆地莫霍面又抬升至58km左右,然后,在松潘甘孜地块莫霍面降至70km,并呈现为台阶状向龙门山方向抬升到60km左右,最低速层,而在其南部地区则没有低速层出现,推测低速层为地壳中部的局部熔融物质,阿尔金—龙门山剖面上的两个莫霍面坳陷区分别与祁连地块和松潘—甘孜地块上的两个莫霍面坳陷区相对应,指示出这个两个地块具有较深的山根,青藏高原北部的巨厚地壳很可能是由于中生代以来发生的印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞时受到来自东西及南北方向的挤压,使地壳缩短所致。     

福建永安井水位大幅度异常变化原因的研究

2001年7月18日起,永安井水位出现持续的大幅度上升变化。经调查落实,这是由于该井附近的另一口多年开采的井孔,于2001年7月17日突然停止抽水,从而使永安井的地下水补给量增大,造成水位大幅度上升。深入分析该井水位变化的成因,为研究邻井抽水对地震地下水动态观测井水位动态的影响提供了一个实例,对于识别地下水前兆异常与抽水干扰有一定的参考意义。     

Incentives for field hydrology and data sharing: collaboration and compensation: reply to “A need for incentivizing field hydrology,especially in an era of open data”*

ABSTRACT

We thank Allen and Berghuijs for continuing the discussion on field hydrology and data sharing and discuss two incentives to promote data collection and sharing in hydrological sciences: a collaborative attitude and additional funding to make data publicly available.     

西藏高烈度区农牧民安居工程中的试验数据知识和抗震模糊集

通过振动台模拟地震试验,对5个模型结构的试验结果进行了分析。从大量的试验数据和图形信息中提取抗震知识,建立抗震设防三水准对应的试验地震动强度和模型破坏状态的模糊集,为西藏地震高烈度区农牧民安居工程中采用可经受住强烈地震的结构类型和抗震措施,提供了评估依据。     

渤海湾盆地区燕山期构造特征与盆地转型

以各种地震资料的分析解释、构造解析为基础,对燕山期渤海湾盆地区构造特征与盆地转型过程进行了研究.结果表明:燕山早期渤海湾盆地区以挤压褶皱及逆冲断裂发育为主,在太行山以东、盐山-歧口-兰聊断裂以西地区主要展布方向为NE和NNE向,整体具有西强东弱的特征,在盐山-歧口-兰聊断裂以东的济阳坳陷区,以NW(W)向的逆冲断层发育为主;燕山中期研究区以伸展构造发育为主,在太行山以东、盐山-歧口-兰聊断裂带以西地区断层展布方向主要为N(N)E向,盐山-歧口-兰聊断裂带以东、郯庐断裂带以西、张家口-蓬莱断裂带以南地区主要发育NW(W)向负反转断层,张家口-蓬莱断裂带以北地区以N(N)E向断裂发育为主;燕山晚期以正反转断层及新生逆冲断层发育为主.燕山期渤海湾盆地区发生了三次重要的盆地转型,燕山早期由印支期的挤压隆升剥蚀转型为山间坳陷盆地,燕山中期由山间坳陷转型为强烈的陆内断陷盆地,燕山晚期由陆内断陷盆地转为隆起区遭受剥蚀.区域构造背景的转变是燕山期渤海湾盆地区转型的主控因素,不同构造期盆地的叠加改造造成了研究区前第三系油气地质条件的复杂性和多样性.