我国气象服务效益评估综述

气象事业是科技型、基础性社会公益事业,气象服务是气象事业的出发点和归宿点。首先介绍了气象服务的概念,明确了气象服务在整个气象业务体系中的定位,并探讨了气象服务的经济属性。从多个学科的理论与方法的角度出发,系统的介绍了气象服务效益的主要评估方法和技术,同时介绍了我国目前气象服务效益评估的基本情况。最后,文章针对目前我国气象服务的现状,提出了一些建议。     

气象服务效益评价研究进展

气象服务是气象事业的出发点和归宿点,采用科学客观的方法开展气象服务效益的评价工作,有利于气象部门更好地改进和完善气象服务,促进气象事业的持续快速发展。本文从理论和方法应用的角度出发,系统地介绍了气象服务效益评价的国内外发展现状、理论基础和技术方法等,并对气象服务效益评价的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

“十五”期间陕西农业气象服务的思考

1　转变观念 ,围绕支柱产业和市场需求开展农业气象服务和研究1 .1　气象服务是气象事业的立业之本气象工作者历来十分重视气象服务工作 ,6 0年代曾提出气象服务为纲 ,80年代提出气象服务是气象工作的出发点和归宿 ,90年代提出气象服务是气象事业的立业之本。气象事业在国民经济中的作用实际上是通过气象服务来体现的。要求我们既要紧密围绕国民经济的发展搞好气象服务这一主题不能变、不能偏 ,同时 ,又要随着社会经济的发展、市场经济的需求、产业结构的调整和支柱产业发展的需要来不断调整我们的服务思路、服务内容、服务方式和方法 ,以不…     

我国气象服务效益评估业务的现状与展望

气象服务是气象事业的出发点和归宿点,因而采用科学客观的方法开展气象服务效益的评估工作,有利于气象部门更好地改进和完善气象服务,促进气象事业的持续快速发展。本文介绍了我国气象服务效益评估业务的现状,并对气象服务效益评估业务的未来发展趋势进行了构想,指出规范化、常态化、人性化服务是未来气象服务效益评估业务的发展趋势。     

营造良好法制环境推动气象科学发展

气象事业关系国计民生,气象防灾减灾和公共气象服务是政府服务的重要内容,气象信息是生产生活不可或缺的重要信息。浙江省委、省政府历来高度重视气象事业的发展,把公共气象服务、气象防灾减灾、气象现代化等工作摆在经济社会发展的全局来谋划,认真贯彻实施“一法两条例”等有关法律法规,采取有效措施,落实各项要求。2010年以来,全省上下积极完善气象防灾减灾体系,大力加强公共气象服务,加快推进气象现代化建设,气象事业步入依法、科学的发展轨道。     

黔西南州气象科技服务发展分析

气象科技服务作为气象事业的重要组成部份,其发展的快慢与否直接影响到气象事业的健康发展。探索总结气象科技服务发展的趋势和方向,充分认识当前所面临的机遇和挑战,对于实现气象事业又好又快地发展有着重要的现实意义。本文通过对近四年来黔西南州气象科技服务工作的开展情况,统计分析各科技服务项目的总服务效益、服务成本,实际效益及所占比重等要素的变化情况,总结得出黔西南州未来气象科技服务的发展趋势和方向。     

后勤服务——气象工作的先行者

十一届三中全会的胜利召开,改革开放的春风吹遍了华夏大地,社会主义现代化建设蒸蒸日上,青海省气象后勤服务与保障工作随着我国气象事业的长足发展也取得了辉煌成就。三十年来,青海省气象后勤服务中心不断调整事业结构和完善运行机制,经过由小到大、由弱到强的发展,成为气象事业发展中一支强有力的保障队伍。对气象业务、改善职工工作生活条件、稳定和优化队伍结构起到     

中国的气象服务及其效益评估

气象事业是科技型、基础性社会公益事业,气象服务是气象事业的出发点和归宿点。首先分析了气象服务的概念,确立了气象服务的内涵与外延以及分类情况,明确了气象服务在整个气象业务体系中的定位,并探讨了气象服务的经济属性。从气象情报信息服务和气象预报信息服务的角度介绍了中国气象信息服务的情况。从人工影响天气技术、农业气象工程服务技术、雷电灾害防御技术介绍了中国气象工程服务及其技术的情况。从多个学科的理论与方法的角度出发,系统的介绍了气象服务效益的主要评估方法和技术,同时介绍了中国目前气象服务效益评估的基本情况。最后,文章针对目前中国气象服务的现状,提出了一些建议。     

关于新时期气象档案工作发展的思考

随着我国气象现代化建设的开展,气象档案工作呈现出新的特点。为了更好地发挥气象档案的资源优势和信息作用,本文针对气象档案工作面临的新形势、新情况、新变化和气象档案工作发展存在的主要问题,从理论、技术、服务等方面提出了创新是档案事业保持蓬勃发展的活力之源,是新时期气象档案工作发展的切入点。     

浅谈气象服务人员营销能力的培养

我国气象事业发展战略研究成果中，特别强调了气象对经济社会发展的服务职能。这给气象服务带来了巨大的发展空间。气象服务市场的发展需要从业人员具备较强的营销能力。引进营销理念、培养气象服务人员的营销能力是发展气象服务事业的必然要求。气象服务人员营销能力培养的主要任务是树立系统的营销观念，提高各种具体的营销能力。培养的方法主要是通过高效的培训。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.