Intermediate school's trip to India: Preparing for competence

In November 2010, students from a Palmerston North intermediate school embarked on a 2‐week excursion to India. Qualitative research was carried out before, during and after the trip. Results discussed in this article focus primarily on the students' account of their trip, especially their perceived cultural competence and their explanation for it. Accounts of their competence are also offered by the parents and teachers, for example, they especially valued the students' extensive school‐based preparation. Insights gained from the experiences of this trip may be applied to other, including older, cohorts of students embarking on overseas school field trips.     

旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道的影响评估

作为旅游景区基础设施的步道,高频率旅游利用会对其产生一定程度的影响。选取张家界森林公园的黄石寨景区为研究对象,运用"既成事实调查法",设置30个样点,选取了若干特征与指标来评估步道的受影响情况。结果显示,景区的步道扩展率为13.5%,步道冲蚀发生率为73.3%,步道损毁有14处,步道边缘的土壤性状和植被状况也发生了改变,这说明旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道产生了负面影响。而且山顶环寨游道受到旅游活动的影响最大,上山游道次之,下山游道最小,这与旅游利用强度密切相关。     

Working Together for Resource-based Recreation and Tourism, Sustainable Management and Biodiversity

There are opportunities for more effectively integrating resource‐based recreation and tourism with goals for primary production and nature conservation across a range of landscapes and land tenure types. ‘Naturalness’ sought for recreation and tourism, like biodiversity, is not confined to the conservation estate, and the ‘recreation estate’ extends into private land. Although it may be argued that ongoing privatisation of land ownership reduces public opportunities for recreation, diversity in ownership, at least at the regional level, enhances the overall spectrum of recreational opportunities. Diversification into recreation and tourism on private land may also help protect biodiversity through such processes as ‘sympathetic management’, as well as by making production land‐use systems more economically robust.     

社区参与对旅游地居民社区归属感的中介效应━━以浙江安吉为例

通过文献分析,引入旅游感知、旅游获益两个变量,构建旅游地社区参与—社区归属感结构模型,探讨社区参与对社区归属感的中介效应与传导机制。以浙江安吉为例,运用极大似然法进行参数估计,研究发现:①旅游感知和旅游获益是社区参与影响社区归属感的两个中介变量,都显著引起社区参与对社区归属感的部分中介效应。②旅游感知和旅游获益单独作为中介变量介入社区参与对社区归属感的影响时,旅游获益所起的部分中介作用显著大于旅游感知;二者同时介入时,旅游感知所起的部分中介作用显著大于旅游获益,共同引致的部分中介作用达到最大。③社区参与对社区归属感的影响机制存在两条途径,一条是直接影响路径,另一条是以旅游感知、旅游获益为中介变量的间接影响路径,间接路径稍低于直接路径。④提高旅游感知不仅要重视提高旅游地居民文化程度,还要考虑旅游地发展阶段的现实情况;改善旅游获益应尽可能满足旅游地社区居民的经济发展需要。     

Motivation for mountain biking in Norway: Change and stability in late-modern outdoor recreation

The paper presents empirical data on motivation for mountain biking in Norway. In the study a mountain biker was defined as a person who had cycled on rough trails or in difficult terrain more than ten times during the previous year. The research sought to establish the degree to which the motivation for the ‘modern’ activity of mountain biking differs from the motivation for more ‘traditional’ outdoor recreational activities. In 2002 two surveys were conducted among bikers to take into account two different ways of practising mountain biking. A factor analysis was undertaken with 27 items from the Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales to establish the relative importance of various kinds of motivation. Participants rated the importance of the factors on a scale from 1 (not at all important) to 5 (very important). ‘Physical exercise’ scored a mean value of 4.46, ‘contemplation’ 3.91, ‘nature & place’ 3.52, ‘speed & excitement’ 3.43, ‘managing challenges’ 3.35, ‘social relations’ 2.49, and ‘equipment & appreciation’ 2.02. The paper concludes that a theoretical perspective which focuses on both change and stability in cultural development in the late-modern period is necessary for a nuanced understanding of the complexities of Norwegian outdoor recreation today.     

‘Ageing out of place’: Experiences of resettlement and belonging among older Bhutanese refugees in New Zealand

Previous research has suggested that older refugees are particularly vulnerable to the stresses of resettlement in developed countries. However, to date the voices of older refugees have largely been missing from the body of refugee resettlement research. Using in‐depth interviews and thematic analysis, this paper explores the personal resettlement experiences of three former refugee elders from the Bhutanese community in Palmerston North. The findings suggest that culture, religion and social connections are of vital importance to the well‐being of these Bhutanese elders and their ability to foster a sense of self and place in a foreign land.     

基于职业特性驱动的旅游劳工转移比较研究

以九华山旅游劳工为实证研究对象,通过与西方学者在匈牙利和英国Somerset和Cov-entry的比较研究探讨了职业特性驱动的旅游劳工转移模式和转移动机。研究发现旅游劳工转移产业分布十分均衡宽广,产业转移模式与区域经济背景、劳工市场结构、职业地位及收益的差异密切相关。他们对从业感知评价都十分积极,三十种动机变量排序和因子分析表明,旅游劳工转移存在5种动机方向,增收机会和旅游职业积极特性是主要动力因子。九华山与匈牙利、英国Somerset和Coventry虽然经济社会背景相差较大,但旅游劳工在转移模式、感知评价、转移动机上表现出来许多共性特征,揭示了旅游职业的诸多特性。     

Historical Landscape Change in Yellowstone National Park: Demonstrating the Value of Intensive Field Observation and Repeat Photography

Although transportation and outdoor recreation are well‐recognized aspects of national parks, few studies have explored these aspects from the perspective of human geography as a means of analyzing historical landscape change. This paper offers an innovative synthesis of methods for studying cultural landscape change over time through a case study of the historical geography of transportation, tourism, and outdoor recreation along the Howard Eaton Trail (HET) in Yellowstone National Park. We conducted research through a field course that combined repeat photography, archival research, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and traditional field methods. Results indicate that a combination of repeat photography and other methods can create an effective means of evaluating cultural landscape change; even short field courses provide opportunities for students and faculty to conduct collaborative research that provides powerful, multidimensional, situated‐learning experiences; and repeat photography creates datasets that may benefit future research and teaching.     

国外山地旅游研究热点、进展与启示

山地旅游在全球旅游发展中占有重要地位,其理论研究也逐渐成为热点。利用CiteSpace软件对国外山地旅游文献发表时间、地理信息等特征进行数理统计以分析其特征;同时对关键词进行突变词和共现分析,并利用SPSS软件进行聚类分析以探索国外研究热点和趋势;最后,为避免共词分析方法的盲区,对文献进行全面梳理以分析学科的知识结构。结果表明：游客满意度、国家公园、遗产旅游等内容是国外研究热点,其研究内容主要包括目的地开发管理、社区研究、旅游影响、旅游者行为,其中最主要的两种旅游方式是自然旅游和乡村旅游,而在方法上国外较为偏重定量研究。通过对前期研究成果的梳理和分析,以期为我国山地旅游研究提供一定启示。     

北京居民对雾霾的感知及其旅游意愿和行为倾向研究

近年来,中国大陆频现大范围的空气污染问题,雾霾成为公众高度关注的热点,雾霾及其旅游影响成为新的学术研究问题。本文利用问卷调查的手段,借助问卷星和微信的问卷设计和传播平台,深入研究了北京居民对雾霾影响的感知及其旅游需求和决策行为倾向。研究表明：1）北京居民对雾霾的健康影响、心理影响和生活影响有强烈的感知,大多数北京居民认为北京的雾霾问题十分严重;2）严重雾霾的持续困扰下,北京居民有着逃离意愿强烈,雾霾刺激和强化了北京居民的旅游需求;3）北京居民对雾霾的感知有着明显的群体差异,高收入、高学历、在企事业单位工作和中青年人对雾霾的感知和态度尤其强烈。最后,作者讨论了本研究对于旅游营销的现实意义。     

国外气候变化对旅游业影响研究进展综述

气候变化对旅游业影响是国际上的研究热点,研究的地域和内容十分广泛,研究方法也多种多样。根据所收集文献整理出国外气候变化对旅游业的影响主要集中在四个方面：气候变化对旅游业的总体影响研究、气候变化对冬季游憩活动的影响研究、气候变化对温暖天气下的游憩活动影响研究和对旅游者行为影响研究。并探讨了我国气候变化对旅游业影响研究的方向和重点。     

国内山岳旅游地研究综述与展望

从山岳旅游地形成和发展、管理与制度、旅游景观、旅游影响、旅游者行为与旅游市场、旅游开发与规划、旅游环境与生态旅游7方面对山岳旅游地研究进行综述。利用定量评价法分析载文所反映的名山研究影响力,其具有层次性、区域性、不平衡性特征;分析山岳旅游地研究存在的局限性,并从研究队伍、研究理论和方法、研究数据、研究方向4方面展望未来山岳旅游地研究。     

中国城市休闲商业街区研究进展

随着人们闲暇时间和收入的增长,休闲旅游不断发展,而城市休闲商业街区(RBD)作为城市旅游的重要游憩空间,受到普遍关注.城市RBD是传统商业与旅游业的融合,对于城市旅游业的发展、经济转型、城市形象的提升具有重要意义.本文以知网检索到的与RBD相关的246 篇文献为基础,以论文年发表数量和增长率作为主要的评价依据,首先分析国内RBD研究进程,将其分为起步发展、快速发展、巩固发展3 个阶段,从研究主题、使用方法、研究层次等角度对每个阶段特征进行分析.其次,分析文献内容,对RBD的相关研究方向进行划分,共分为12 大类,并从RBD的相关概念与定义、RBD的特征功能与分类、形成机制与过程、空间结构与布局、RBD发展对城市的影响、RBD的旅游形象与游客体验感知、RBD的开发与规划7 个方面对国内RBD研究现状进行了综述.最后对RBD的研究中存在的问题进行总结,其中,概念定义的统一、深化案例研究、细化研究方向、提炼理论层次、应用定量化研究方法、建立评价指标体系等都是今后的研究中应加强的环节,并对今后的研究方向和重点进行展望.     

国外"游憩"研究进展--ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH反映的学术态势

该文对国际旅游学术界最具影响力的英文期刊ANNAIS OF TOURISM RESEARCH(旅游研究纪事),自1974年创刊至2001年发表的有关游憩研究的96篇文献进行分类分析和讨论,总结相关文献的内容类属及专业和地域背景,试图了解20世纪80年代以来国外关于游憩研究的特点和趋势,以期对国内的相关研究有所启示。     

相对剥夺视角下的乡村旅游地居民不规范行为研究 ——以江西婺源县李坑、思溪为例

居民不规范行为危害性极大,传统相关研究多基于社会交换视角,存在一定局限。相对剥夺理论在研究人们的不规范行为上存在一定优势,但鲜有应用于旅游研究。以社区问题明显的李坑、思溪两村落为例,结合相对剥夺理论对居民不规范行为的成因和形式等进行了定性分析。与传统研究不同,发现居民不规范行为与其对旅游负面影响的纵向感知并无直接关系,而主要与横向剥夺感相关。研究表明,相对剥夺理论或可作为居民旅游态度和行为研究的新视角,并在预防和管控旅游地社区问题方面具有重要现实意义。     

近年来中国旅游地理学研究进展与展望（英文）

Based on a large number of domestic literature reviews with related research abroad, academic standards and issues awareness have been intensified in domestic tourism geography, disciplinary consciousness and innovation enhancement. Hence, some valuable achievements have been made in the areas of tourism resources, tourism regional system, the spatial structure of tourism, tourism flow, ecotourism, tourism industry, tourism planning and tourism impacts, which strengthened the traditional advantages of research, expanded new areas of research and made research trends diverse. Meanwhile, with innovation of research methods, tourism geography in China is getting more and more internationally-oriented and reflecting Chinese characteristics. Research trends of China's tourism geography are prospected: 1) Catering to national strategic needs, persisting problem-oriented, strengthening the metatheoretical research, and building Chinese "localization" of theory of tourism geography and method system. 2) Introducing and assimilating foreign theories and research methods, while focusing on explaining new tourism phenomena and problems in the domestic socio-economic background. 3) Concerning about the new regional spatial processes of demographic process, social process, and spatial process in new tourism trend. 4) Exploring interactive process and mechanism of man-land relationship and new models to develop territorial space under the tourism impacts. 5) Exploring important research issues of tourism geography in global, national, regional and local scales, from the point of view of spatial differentiation, scale transformation, interaction of man and nature, creating tourism geography interpretation system based on "process-structure-mechanism" of China. 6) Building theoretical system actively, while strengthening application-oriented research, and focusing on tourism poverty alleviation, tourism and heritage protection, national parks' construction and other hot issues. Faced with econometrics research boom, we should return to rational thinking, using big data scientifically, while paying attention to the important role of qualitative evaluation in future research.     

名山研究的行为地理学解释——以北雁荡山为例

从人文地理学角度对名山进行研究,运用行为地理学中环境感应和环境认知的思想和方法,以人山之间的相互关系为基本研究对象,探求名山形成规律。通过对南北朝至明清时期处于我国浙东南的北雁荡山进行剖析和考证,指出雁荡山的发展经历了隋唐以前的边缘接触期、唐代的开山期、宋代的兴盛期、明清的稳定发展期这四个主要阶段,并认为北雁荡山作为名山的内在本质在于其可居可游性而非传统意义上所理解的佛教名山。旨在通过对这种演化过程的探讨,为我国名山研究提供一种可供参考的思路。     

旅游对目的地社会文化影响的研究进展

旅游发展使旅游目的地社会生活的各个方面都发生了变化, 这个问题从20 世纪60 年代 开始就引起了国外学者的关注, 并作为热点问题持续至今。本文结合人类学家的部分研究成果, 从国内外相关研究的成果数量、研究内容和研究方法入手, 系统总结了当前国内外关于旅游对目 的地社会文化影响研究在理论、观点、方法、实践、模型等方面取得的最新进展, 指出了当前该领 域研究中的薄弱环节和我国学者在研究中出现的主要问题： 实证研究较多, 理论总结少; 定性方 法多, 定量测算少; 研究观点的片面性; 研究指标各异, 可比性不强。从长远的角度看, 研究成果和 实际发展管理的紧密结合、研究技术的突破和理论体系的确立、多学科融合综合研究将成为这个 领域的主要发展方向。     

新时期旅游研究中生态学理论与实践

旅游是人们应对过快生活节奏、舒缓压力、放松身心的休闲行为之一。随着旅游的发展,旅游者增多、旅游活动范围扩大,旅游对生态环境的影响逐渐显露出来。生态环境是旅游可持续发展的基础,部分旅游目的地由于缺乏对旅游资源进行系统科学的评估与规划,旅游开发模式相对单一、粗放,导致地方一时难以应对大量人口的涌入,自身内部系统受到一系列的干扰,对当地生态环境带来了恶劣的影响。在危及旅游业自身发展的同时,当地居民的生存质量也受到了威胁。旅游-环境问题成为旅游领域的研究热点。生态学理论为旅游研究提供新的理论视角,学者们开始致力于研究旅游活动对植被、动物、水、土壤等具体要素及整体环境的影响。通过收集1990-2020年国内外生态学理论相关的旅游文献,梳理生命周期、景观生态学、承载力、生物多样性、生态位、生态足迹等生态学理论在旅游领域中的应用现状。研究发现,这些理论在旅游领域的应用主要集中在实证研究上,对相关基础理论的研究较少。在实证研究方面,研究方法缺乏创新。因此,未来的研究应重视生态理论在旅游领域的理论研究,并结合现代科学技术在实际应用中加强研究方法的创新,并对生态理论在未来旅游研究中的应用前景进行了探讨。     

中国山岳型旅游地旅游环境研究进展综述

随着旅游业的发展，山岳型旅游地环境问题已成为国内外旅游研究的重要领域之一，从对国内相关文献的分析来看，可以从旅游对环境的影响、旅游环境质量及其评价、旅游环境管理、旅游的环境效益，以及对旅游环境的保护5个方面来分析和评价中国山岳型旅游地旅游环境研究进展，可以看出，总体来说目前中国对山岳旅游地环境的研究已经相当广泛和细致，但是在对有些领域的研究上，研究内容还不够全面，而在有些领域的研究上，研究方法也有所欠缺，有待进一步改进和加强。