共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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海洋养殖鱼类仔稚鱼摄食和营养研究的进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
海洋鱼类人工育苗常出现仔稚鱼死亡率高的情况,它涉及到亲鱼培育、卵子质量、仔稚鱼营养需求、生物饵料供应和配合饲料取代等问题.本文就海洋鱼类仔稚鱼培育的饵料系列、亲鱼和早期发育中的脂类代谢和氨基酸作用、生物饵料的营养强化以及微粒、微囊饲料等研究进展作了概述. 相似文献
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长江河口生态系统鱼类浮游生物生态学研究进展 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
鱼类浮游生物群落结构的时空分布和动态变化与其所处水域的环境因子有密切的关系,它的变动受环境因子的变化和时空异质性的制约,而其鱼类浮游生物群落结构的变动最具代表性。研究证明,鱼类浮游生物群落结构对鱼类资源的补充,延续和维持生态平衡具有重要的意义,但尚无系统报道。本文就长江口鱼类浮游生物群落的研究做了阐述。三峡工程建设之后,通过改变长江径流来改变长江口水域的温度、盐度及其他非生物因子,同时由于非生物因子的变化,也引起生物因子的改变,从而使鱼类浮游生物优势种的组成和群落结构的生态性质发生了一定的变化,可以影响到长江口鱼类资源的补充,进一步改变长江口水域生态系统的平衡。 相似文献
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中国对虾摄食行为的化学感觉生理学研究──Ⅲ.中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾的摄食行为及化学感觉 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道了中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾(1)对轮虫(活体,死体)和卤虫无节幼体(活体,死体)的摄食过程及摄食率;(2)对悬浮砂粒的摄食情况;(3)摄食水流的产生机制,方向及模式;(4)对食物的化学敏感性,结果表明,中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾化学感觉机能不明显,摄食附肢的协调运动产生摄食水流,摄食水流一方面将食物带到口器附近,另一方面能促进对虾对食物的机械感觉。摄食水流的方向还可以逆转。幼体及早期仔虾对食物的选择 相似文献
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在人工培育条件下,采用实验生态学方法,对绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconusmodestus)仔、稚、幼鱼生长、发育与摄食特性的变化进行了研究。结果表明,绿鳍马面鲀仔、稚、幼鱼的各生长指标可拟合为具有1~2个生长转折点的2~3段直线,其中全长、体长、体质量、肛前长、头长、吻长和体高可拟合为3段直线,眼径可拟合为2段直线。头长在第一转折点后的生长速率显著高于其他指标,除头长和体高在第二个生长转折点后生长速率减慢外,其余各项生长指标生长速度均逐渐加快。3~4日龄"开口期"前后的仔鱼,摄食发生率和饱食率均较低,随后逐渐升高。摄食发生率在12日龄后达到100%,饱食率在25日龄后达到100%(消化道充塞度为3~4级)。绿鳍马面鲀仔、稚、幼鱼均为白天摄食类型,白天摄食量占全天摄食量的71.6%以上。随日龄增长,鱼苗饱食时间呈下降趋势,消化时间则呈上升趋势。了解绿鳍马面鲀早期的生长发育与摄食特性,可为人工育苗管理提供参考,以促进鱼苗生长,提高成活率。 相似文献
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针对水产养殖中的精准投喂问题,以大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)为研究对象,提出一种基于鱼体运动特征和图像纹理特征的鱼群摄食活动强度量化方法,进行鱼类摄食行为识别研究。利用自适应背景差分及光流法得到运动鱼体的速度、转角,并通过信息熵统计速度和转角的分布,之后通过灰度共生矩阵提取能量、熵、对比度、相关性和逆差距5个图像纹理特征值。最后,结合鱼体运动特征及图像纹理特征,对鱼类摄食行为进行识别和检测。实验结果表明,该方法的识别准确率达到了94.17%,相较于单一特征检测本研究的检测精度更高。 相似文献
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本研究通过设置温度突变组(15°C、25°C、31°C)和盐度突变组(5、15、25、35),探讨了温度、盐度变化胁迫对海洋青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)摄食行为及抗氧化生理的影响。结果表明,在温度为15°C和31°C(盐度为25)时以及盐度为5和35(温度为25°C)条件下,青鳉鱼摄食响应时间增长,摄食量、摄食效率和摄食成功率显著下降(P0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量在15—31°C时随温度增加先降低后增加。SOD酶活性31°C时第7天显著性低于对照组(P0.05)。MDA含量在15°C和31°C时在显著性高于对照组,第7天显著性升高(P0.05)。不同盐度处理组,SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量均随盐度增加先降低后增加,MDA含量在盐度为5和35时均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,海洋青鳉鱼在盐度15—25,水温25°C条件下摄食及游动行为活跃,抗氧化活性最低,生长良好。当温度高于31°C或低于15°C;盐度高于35或低于5时胁迫对青鳉鱼摄食行为及抗氧化性造成明显影响。 相似文献
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Ryuzo Marumo 《Journal of Oceanography》1980,36(2):126-133
Over the past 30 years, I have carried out research on the distribution and ecology of marine plankton using research vessels
of the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Ocean Research Institute mainly in the Kuroshio and Oyashio areas as well as in
Sagami Bay. In this report, some results obtained on the ecological features of blue-green algae, diatoms, chaetognaths etc.
in relation to water masses and currents are shown. 相似文献
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S. F. Barstow 《Marine environmental research》1983,9(4):211-236
A review is presented of various phenomena brought about by the physical dynamics of Langmuir Circulation in the upper mixed layer of lakes and in the ocean. This helical circulation, thought to be generated by an interaction between the wind drift and the wave field, is not only of interest to physical oceanographers but is also important to marine biologists, chemists and geologists. Environmental consequences of Langmuir Circulation are also highlighted. Windrows, which are often observed on the water surface, show up the convergence zone of the circulation which acts as a concentrating mechanism not only of organisms but also of potentially hazardous pollutants. The ecological effects of this phenomenon are considered. However, Langmuir Circulations also help in the dispersal of pollutants. Oil spills, for example, are given a streaky structure by Langmuir Circulation which aids its eventual natural dispersal. The presence of these circulations is by no means widely recognised and it is hoped that this review will familiarise researchers with this convective phenomenon and highlight its importance. 相似文献
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A practical method is described of initiating a water mass curtain (a jet flow of water partitioning another body of water) to be used to control fish movements, along with its theoretical analysis. In this paper, equations to evaluate the change of density and upward flow rates in a water curtain due to entrainment are presented, and the accuracy of the equations is verified experimentally. The discontinuity of the density on the boundary between jet and ambient fluid was assumed in the analysis, since our experiments showed that the instantaneous density distribution was discontinuous. The equations are much simpler than the conventional formulae deduced by assuming a Gaussian curve, and are amenable to practical usage. The control efficiency of the water curtain is very good for young red sea bream. 相似文献
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海洋微塑料污染现状及其对鱼类的生态毒理效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
海洋微塑料污染已成为全球性环境问题,鉴于微塑料特殊的理化性质,其对海洋生物和海洋生态系统的生态效应愈发受到关注。本文在综述海洋微塑料来源、类型和分布状况的基础上,探讨了鱼类摄入微塑料的途径及其生态毒理学效应。研究表明,全球近岸、大洋和极地海域均有微塑料分布,我国微塑料污染亦较为严重。微塑料会对包括鱼类在内的海洋生物生存造成威胁,其被鱼类摄入的主要途径是经口误食,微塑料进入鱼体后可在不同组织和器官中迁移,消化道是主要蓄积器官。微塑料对海洋鱼类的生态毒理效应主要包括:(1)影响生殖与精卵发生;(2)降低存活率;(3)影响生长发育;(4)扰乱行为;(5)导致组织病变与炎症反应;(6)导致代谢紊乱;(7)干扰神经系统;(8)导致氧化应激;(9)干扰内分泌等。未来研究应重点关注微塑料在海洋生态系统中的迁移扩散过程、不同浓度和粒径微塑料对鱼类的生态毒理效应及致毒机制研究、微塑料和其他典型海洋污染物对鱼类的联合毒性效应,以及微塑料与海洋酸化、缺氧、升温等全球环境问题的叠加效应等。 相似文献
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Michael J. Kingsford 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):463-479
Studies on the early life history of fish in New Zealand started during the 1950s off the Northland coast. Since then taxonomy, seasonality in abundance, and vertical and horizontal distribution patterns have been described as well as aspects at the level of individuals, such as age, growth, and condition. I discuss the findings and issues that have developed from these studies and illustrate three undescribed presettlement reef fish. Results indicate that different taxonomic groups typically have different vertical and horizontal distribution patterns as well as different temporal patterns of abundance. This implies that general models of how “larval fish” behave are unrealistic. As a result, the importance of physical and biological processes that may influence the distribution and survival of ichthyoplankton will vary among categories of fish (such as pelagic and reef fish) and taxonomic groups within these. Based on knowledge of the distribution pattern of some species, there is considerable scope for focusing future research on specific groups offish in terms of ontogenetic changes in morphology, sensory abilities, growth, diet, condition, interrelationships with other plankters, and, in the case of reef fish, onshore transport. 相似文献
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海洋生态系统动力学模型作为定量地认识和分析海洋生态系统现象的有力工具,近年来得到了长足发展。本文首先回顾了海洋生态动力学模型的发展历史,着重介绍了21世纪以来生态系统动力学模型的三大发展趋势:一是进一步探索海洋生态系统复杂性,二是全球气候变化与海洋生态系统的相互作用;三是不再局限于理论研究,而进入于灾害预报与评估、公共决策等应用领域。其次介绍了海洋生态动力学模型的分类及典型海洋生态动力学数值模型COHERENS的特点、功能和最新的应用情况。最后总结归纳了目前海洋生态动力学模型研究领域的几大问题与挑战,展望了该研究领域未来的发展趋势和方向。 相似文献