水库蓄水引发的地下水位抬升和渗控措施研究

针对广阳水库蓄水后地下水抬升引起的周边土体由自然非饱和状到饱和状态这一变化过程,基于壤土、砂壤土的室内土水特征曲线试验结果,采用非饱和非稳定渗流有限单元法系统地分析了这一变化过程对库区周边工程地质条件的影响,论证了截渗沟对库区堤外防渗和渗控的有效性。利用WF非饱和应力路径三轴仪进行的壤土、砂壤土的土水特征曲线试验结果表明两种土体的土水特征曲线差别较大,基质吸力随含水量的变化呈现不一致性。非饱和非稳定渗流有限单元法计算分析结果表明截渗沟避免了坝后土层内浸润线大幅度提高,同时也避免了浸润线上部非饱和土体的含水量的大幅度增加,这可以减小次生盐碱化和浸没等问题的影响。     

济源市蟒河口水库坝区渗漏三维数值模拟研究

水库渗漏是河南省济源市蟒河口水库的主要工程地质问题。本文定性分析了可能产生岩溶渗漏的途径,并根据流域-库区-坝区3种尺度嵌套模型思想,运用三维数值模拟技术,采用断层带状剖分方法,建立了坝区地下水渗流三维数值模型。根据模型,分别对未采取防渗措施和采取不同防渗措施条件下,水库建成运行后渗流场的变化、坝区的渗漏量以及防渗效果进行了预测,为防渗帷幕的设计和施工提供了科学依据。     

渗透回流模式白云石化作用对碳酸盐岩储层的影响

白云石化作用对含油气的碳酸盐岩储层有明显的改造作用,而前人的研究大部分是针对白云石的成因模式,未对其形成过程给出具体描述,更未对白云石化作用对储层的改造程度做出定量分析。针对白云石化中的“渗透回流模式”,建立了白云石化作用的一维模型,利用多组分、多相流溶质运移模拟软件TOUGHREACT,研究渗透回流模式对储层物性影响的深度范围。结果表明,当高Mg/Ca比的浓缩海水进入含水层后,导致方解石溶解,白云石沉淀,储层孔隙度与渗透率均比初始值大,模拟5万年时,依靠重力作用,渗透回流白云石化作用能够影响到50 m深的储层范围,产生一定规模的白云岩储层。     

Controlling Effects of Tight Reservoir Micropore Structures on Seepage Ability: A Case Study of the Upper Paleozoic of the Eastern Ordos Basin,China

In this study, the types of micropores in a reservoir are analyzed using casting thin section(CTS) observation and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) experiments. The high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI) and constant-rate mercury injection(CRMI) experiments are performed to study the micropore structure of the reservoir. Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), gas-water relative seepage, and gas-water two-phase displacement studies are performed to examine the seepage ability and parameters of the reservoir, and further analyses are done to confirm the controlling effects of reservoir micropore structures on seepage ability. The experimental results show that Benxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Shihezi formations in the study area are typical ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. Owing to compaction and later diagenetic transformation, they contain few primary pores. Secondary pores are the main pore types of reservoirs in the study area. Six main types of secondary pores are: intergranular dissolved pores, intragranular dissolved pores, lithic dissolved pores, intercrystalline dissolved pores, micropores, and microfracture. The results show that reservoirs with small pore-throat radius, medium displacement pressure, and large differences in pore-throat structures are present in the study area. The four types of micropore structures observed are: lower displacement pressure and fine pores with medium-fine throats, low displacement pressure and fine micropores with fine throats, medium displacement pressure and micropores with micro-fine throats, and high displacement pressure and micropores with micro throats. The micropore structure is complex, and the reservoir seepage ability is poor in the study areas. The movable fluid saturation, range of the gas-water two-phase seepage zone, and displacement types are the three parameters that well represent the reservoir seepage ability. According to the characteristic parameters of microscopic pore structure and seepage characteristics, the reservoirs in the study area are classified into four types(Ⅰ–Ⅳ), and types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ are the main types observed. From type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ, the displacement pressure increases, and the movable fluid saturation and gas-water two-phase seepage zone decrease, and the displacement type changes from the reticulation-uniform displacement to dendritic and snake like.