吉林省产业发展与能源消费实证研究

在吉林省经济能源发展特征分析基础上,利用协整理论、指数分解法和线性对数函数分析了吉林省2000-2011 年能源消费和经济增长之间的关系。结果表明：① 能源消费与经济增长存在一种长期因果关系,每增加1 亿元GDP就要消费1.758 万t 标准煤,表明吉林省的经济发展属于能源依赖型;② 如果其他因素不变,1979-2011 年吉林省累计的5390.05 万t 标准煤的能源消费量实际增长中,单纯经济总产出变化带来的增加量为6518.135 万t 标准煤;单纯产业结构变化引起的增加量为1895.739 万t 标准煤;单纯产业能源强度变化引起的减少量为3023.82万t 标准煤;③ 2000-2011 年吉林省能源消费强度相对指数分解结果可以看出,以2000 年作为基年,2011 年的能源强度为2000 年的88%,效率指数和结构指数分别为2000 年的72%和121%。④ 从产业结构变动与能源消费强度的关系来看,总能源消费强度的变动与所有的结构因素都是相关的;煤炭消费强度对工业结构变化最为敏感;石油消费强度的结构因素多于煤炭;电力消费强度的变动与所有的结构因素都是相关的。⑤ 就结构变动的影响程度来看,农业比重下降有助于综合能源消费强度、煤炭消费强度、电力消费强度的降低。农业比重变化对综合能源消费强度和电力消费强度影响大于第三产业和第二产业比重变化对这两者能源消费强度的影响。对于煤炭消费强度、天然气消费强度的影响作用最强的产业是工业,石油消费强度与批发零售、交通运输和工业结构变化有关。     

基于三阶段DEA模型中国区域能源效率研究(英文)

能源短缺、利用率低、环境恶化已经成为制约我国经济发展的重要环节。本文运用三阶段DEA模型对中国29个省市2009年的能源效率进行了分析。文章将技术效率分为纯技术效率和规模效率,并利用其数值来分析能源效率,同时,加入环境变量来分析完善上述计算结果。结果表明,在剔除外部因素和环境变量以前规模效率被高估,纯技术效率被低估。大部分省在第三阶段计算出的规模收益是递增的,这说明很多企业规模较小不能体现出规模经济性。从区域上来看则是东部地区的能源效率最高,中部次之,西部最低。针对这一结果,本文给出几点建议:中西部地区应加强合作,发挥各自优势,开发新技术新能源,提高能源利用率,促进经济健康发展。     

中国能源管治透视(英文)

本文分析了中国能源管理体制,揭示了可能影响中国未来能源部门演变趋势的诸多主要特征。一方面,中国能源管理的嵌入式体制是植根于中国四千多年的悠久历史和发源于中国农田水利制度;另一方面,现有的体制环境分析表明:上述深深固化的价值观影响着政府架构和法律体系的运作,也为能源部门的决策和实施提供了指导框架。当今世界,无论中国国内还是国外所发生的各种事件共同决定了能源在国家政府的政策行动中地位高低,以此同时,政府也观察世界各国并寻找新的策略,应对能源领域中各种新的或旧的挑战。     

吉林省旅游产业发展空间结构研究

旅游产业发展空间结构是旅游产业发展战略和规划的关键与核心。为了科学合理地综合开发旅游资源,建立和发展旅游产业,有必要运用科学的方法和区域经济发展规划的系统理论,研究和分析旅游产业发展的空间结构。这对于制定和实施区域旅游发展规划有着重要的意义。     

天然橡胶产业生态系统管理(英文)

天然橡胶产业生态系统管理是实现天然橡胶产业可持续发展的生态途径。本文在系统分析天然橡胶产业生态系统结构和功能的基础上,以海南为例,提出了天然橡胶产业生态系统管理的基本模式,其中重点探讨了天然橡胶产业生态系统管理的基本原则、管理步骤及管理途径,旨在为天然橡胶产业生态系统健康和可持续发展提供理论依据和实践指导。     

生物质能源生产的生态环境影响(英文)

生物质能源生产是能源发展领域的重大挑战,在解决新的替代能源中扮演着重要角色。本文着重论述了美国生物能源生产的生态环境问题。从经济、环境和战略方面考虑,生物能源有望提高国家安全,因而受政策驱动的美国生物能源生产技术备受注目。尽管生物能源具有诸多潜在效益,但是在北美,生物原料供应、高强度经营的土地上农药使用及其对陆地野生动物的潜在影响等令人担忧,我们分析了其中的原因。通常认为,未来生物能源的环境、经济效应是正面的;然而,谨慎地审视和发展生物能源经济以保护生态系统的可持续性显得至关重要。     

实现纤维素生物质能源的可持续发展(英文)

生物质是一种丰富易得的清洁能源,具有大幅减少温室气体排放的潜力。与以玉米及其他谷物为原料的生物质能源生产技术相比,由于纤维生物能源生产消耗的化石能源较少(化石能源与碳的比值低)而备受关注。然而,生物燃料生产系统并非简单,受到多种因素的影响,如能量供应、农村的经济发展水平、土地和生态系统的保护、温室气体减排的可能性以及社会培训等。本文简要综述生物质能源开发的经济与环境影响。根据区域气候和生态条件,不同地区具有各自的生物质种类或能源作物的优化组合。在不久的将来,生物质能源开发的生物技术所面临的挑战包括:生物质形成与细胞壁分解过程的认识与操控,生物质预处理技术,糖产量高的植物变种的选育,用于纤维素降解的酶和微生物的大规模筛选与选育等。除强调生物质能源开发的环境安全和公共健康的重要性之外,生物质能开发还需要解决生命周期评价(LCA)、可持续性的标准和指标的建立等问题。     

中国石化产业空间组织的评价与优化(英文)

The spatial organization of the Chinese petrochemical industry was optimized ac-cording to the status of development of the industry employing linear programming and Ar-cGIS spatial analysis tools. We first identified the indexes of the spatial organization of the petrochemical industry and established a comprehensive evaluation index system that in-cludes four major categories and 11 indicators. The weight of each index was then deter-mined by the analytical hierarchy process. Afterward, taking the 337 Chinese prefecture-level administrations as basic units and scientifically evaluating the potential comprehensive layout coefficients of the cities, 151 prefecture-level administrative units were selected as the basis for the choice of optimization sites with a linear programming model. Secondly, using the 151 prefecture-level administrative units and the maximum-coverage model, the optimal number and spatial distribution of refineries were identified for service radii of 100, 200 and 300 km. Thirdly, considering the actual distribution of China’s refineries, general rules for the number of refinery layout points and objective values were summarized, and 52 refinery layout points were selected for China. Finally, with ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, the spatial effect of the 52 optimal refinery layout points was simulated for the service scope and socioeconomic factors respectively, and the GDP and population data for each refinery layout point were then ex-tracted within the service scope. On this basis and with estimation of the intensity of crude-oil consumption, final results were obtained for the optimal spatial organization of the Chinese refining capacity and ethylene production capacity.     

效率演化视角下吉林省松花江流域产业系统环境适应性研究

基于效率演化视角与适应性分析范式,综合采用投入导向生产规模报酬可变的VRS模型,对吉林省松花江流域产业系统环境适应性时空分异特征与影响因素进行了研究,结果发现松花江流域产业系统：① 现状格局特征分析反映出吉林省松花江流域各县市尚处于规模扩张与总量增长阶段,仍有众多县市尚未达到最优规模阶段,在未来一段时间内,规模集聚仍是产业或经济发展的主流;② 时序演化特征分析反映出吉林省松花江流域产业生态化发展迟缓,产业规模扩张仍是效率提升的关键所在,科学技术尚未发挥出其应有作用;③ 空间分异特征分析,综合效率与规模效率较高的县市不断向流域中上游地区聚集,纯技术效率主要集中于中下游地区,综合效率的提升主要由于规模效率的增加,纯技术效率对其作用不明显;④ 区位条件、路径依赖效应、经济发展水平以及科学技术因素是影响吉林省松花江流域产业系统环境适应性的重要因素。     

中国能源资源开发的时空格局与潜力评价(英文)

The issue of China's energy supply security is not only the key problem which affects China's rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century,but also the one which international attention focuses on.Based on the notable characteristic of spatial imbalance between energy production and consumption in China,this paper takes the evolution of China's primary energy resources development(excluding hydropower) from 1949 to 2007 as the study object,with the aim to sum up the evolutive characteristics and laws of China's energy resources development in the past nearly 60 years.Then,based on comprehensive considerations of coal's,oil's and natural gas's basic reserves,qualities,geological conditions,production status,and ecological service function of every province,this paper adopts development potential index(DP)to evaluate the development potential of every province's energy resources,and divide them into different ranks.Conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) Generally speaking,China's gross energy production was increasing in waves from 1949 to 2007.From the viewpoint of spatial patterns,China's energy resources development has shown a characteristic of "concentrating to the north and central areas,and evolving from linear-shaped to "T-shaped" pattern gradually since 1949.(2) The structure evolution of China's energy resources development in general has shown a trend of "coal proportion is dominant but decreasing,while oil and gas proportions are increasing" since 1949.(3) At the provincial scale,China's energy resources development potential could be divided into large,sub-large,general and small ranks,four in all.In the future,the spatial pattern of China's energy production will evolve from "T-shaped" to "∏-shaped pattern".These conclusions will help to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics and laws of China's energy resources development,and will be beneficial for China to design scientific and rational energy development strategies and plans,coordinate spatial imbalance of energy production and consumption,ensure national energy supply,avoid energy resources waste and disorderly development,and promote regional sustainable development under the globalization background with changeful international energy market.     

吉林省玉米产业发展可持续能力评价研究

基于地理信息系统(GIS)及空间分析模型,从玉米生产与加工两个方面构建玉米产业可持续能力评价(sustainabliality Assessment SA)指标体系,对吉林省玉米产业发展可持续能力进行评价,并对吉林省玉米产业布局现状和规划的合理性进行分析。结果表明:长春市辖区由于地理条件优越、交通便捷以及丰富的玉米资源,是玉米产业发展的最优区域。吉林市辖区、四平市辖区、公主岭市、梨树县、农安县、扶余县地理条件相对优越、交通便捷以及丰富的玉米资源,是玉米产业发展的良好区域。松原市辖区、前郭县、德惠市、榆树市、辽源市辖区、东丰县是玉米产业发展的一般区域。大安市、乾安县、长岭县、舒兰市、永吉县、双辽市发展玉米产业条件相对较差。     

中国能源消费碳排放的空间计量分析(英文)

Based on energy consumption data of each region in China from 1997 to 2009 and using ArcGIS9.3 and GeoDA9.5 as technical support,this paper made a preliminary study on the changing trend of spatial pattern at regional level of carbon emissions from energy con-sumption,spatial autocorrelation analysis of carbon emissions,spatial regression analysis between carbon emissions and their influencing factors.The analyzed results are shown as follows.(1) Carbon emissions from energy consumption increased more than 148% from 1997 to 2009 but the spatial pattern of high and low emission regions did not change greatly.(2) The global spatial autocorrelation of carbon emissions from energy consumption in-creased from 1997 to 2009,the spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there exists a "polarization" phenomenon,the centre of "High-High" agglomeration did not change greatly but expanded currently,the centre of "Low-Low" agglomeration also did not change greatly but narrowed currently.(3) The spatial regression analysis showed that carbon emissions from energy consumption has a close relationship with GDP and population,R-squared rate of the spatial regression between carbon emissions and GDP is higher than that between carbon emissions and population.The contribution of population to carbon emissions in-creased but the contribution of GDP decreased from 1997 to 2009.The carbon emissions spillover effect was aggravated from 1997 to 2009 due to both the increase of GDP and population,so GDP and population were the two main factors which had strengthened the spatial autocorrelation of carbon emissions.     

吉林省高新技术产业发展与经济增长关系的实证研究

高新技术产业发展是衡量一个地区科技进步水平,评价地方经济增长方式转变以及区域经济竞争能力的重要依据。首先介绍了协整理论基本原理,基于1995~2008年吉林省的GDP和吉林省高新技术产业总产值数据,利用Engle-Granger两步法基本原理,检验两列数据之间的协整关系,在此基础上得出吉林省高新技术产业产值与吉林省GDP之间具有长期稳定的均衡关系的结论,并提出在培育高新技术产业发展过程中应发挥政府的宏观引导和调控作用,用高新技术改造提升传统产业,提高自主创新能力,运用风险投资推动高新技术产业的发展,加强科技交流和贸易往来以及大力培养和引进高科技人才。     

甘肃省能源消费碳足迹变化及影响因素分析(英文)

能源消费是人类活动影响全球气候变化的主要行为之一,对能源消费导致的碳足迹进行研究具有重要意义。本文首先应用能源消费碳足迹的相关概念和方法,计算得到了甘肃省1990年-2009年的总碳足迹、各能源消费类型的碳足迹、碳足迹产值和碳足迹生态压力;然后利用STIRPAT模型进行岭回归函数拟合,探讨了经济增长与碳足迹之间的定量关系,并验证了环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在性;最后通过脱钩指数分析进一步研究了经济增长与碳足迹之间的动态变化关系。结果表明:碳足迹从1990年的每人0.091 ha上升为2009年的每人0.191 ha,呈现波动上升的趋势。各能源消费类型的碳足迹构成中,煤和石油占据了绝对地位,其中又以煤所占比重最大,石油次之,天然气所起的作用甚微。碳足迹产值由1990年的1.18万元ha-1增加为2009年的2.51万元ha-1,碳足迹生态压力也从1990年的0.10上升至2009年的0.24。人口和人均GDP是驱动碳足迹增长的主要因素,且回归分析和脱钩指数分析都表明经济增长与碳足迹之间存在环境库兹涅茨曲线。     

中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文)

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.     

中国产业结构升级、全要素能源效率与碳排放（英文）

基于2000-2018年全国30个省份（港澳台、西藏除外）的面板数据,利用面板回归模型和中介效应模型分析了产业结构升级、全要素能源效率及碳排放之间的关系和影响机制。研究发现：产业结构高级化在不同区域对碳排放均呈现显著的抑制作用,不同区域的抑制强度呈现“西部>中部>东部”的规律;产业结构合理化在不同区域对碳排放的抑制作用差异较大,在中西部地区表现为显著的抑制作用,但在东部地区抑制作用不显著;各区域全要素能源效率的提升对碳排放的抑制作用均较为显著,抑制强度呈现“西部>东部>中部”的规律。进一步通过中介检验发现,不同区域的全要素能源效率在产业结构升级与碳排放的作用中具有部分和完全中介效应,能够促进和加强产业结构升级对碳排放的抑制作用。因此,研究认为产业结构升级和提升全要素能源效率是促进碳减排的有效手段,但单独依赖产业结构升级的碳减排效果并不理想,需与提升全要素能源效率相结合才会对碳减排起到有效的促进作用。     

书评(英文)

Surface Modeling: High Accuracy and High Speed Methods, CRC Press, published in 2011, 711 pp., hardcover, price 129.95$ This book, written by Tian-Xiang Yue, on surface modelling     

塔里木河流域绿洲城镇发展与水土资源效益分析(英文)

This paper examines the spatial pattern of land and water resources as well as urbanization and their interactions in the Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China. In order to do so, we extract the data associated with efficiency of land and water resources and urbanization for the years of 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008. Specifically the paper investigates the extent to which agglomeration of population and economic activities varies geographically and interplays with spatial pattern of resources efficiency through computation of Global Moran’s I index, Getis-Ord Gi* index and a coordinated development model. The method used provides clear evidence that urbanization, land and water resources efficiency have shown uneven spatial pattern due to oasis distribution, climate, and initial phase of urban development. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) Agglomeration and dispersion of urbanization are not consistent with those of land and water resources efficiency.(2) Evolution of the hot and cold spots of urbanization, and land and water resources efficiency, in different trajectories, indicate that there are no significant interactions between them.(3) The evidence that numbers of hot and cold spots of the three factors present varying structures reveals the dominance of unequal urban development in the study area.(4) Significant differences are also found between sub-river basins in terms of the three factors, which is a reflection of the complex physical geography of the area.(5) The degree of coordinated development of cities in the Tarim River Basin is generally low in part as a reflection of difference in spatial patterns of the three factors. It is also shown that the pattern of the degree of coordinated development is relatively stable compared with evolution of hot and cold spots of the three factors.     

城市能源利用与CO_2排放的多尺度综合评价(英文)

Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually production- or consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based(fossil) energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ‘carbon footprint' and ‘urban metabolism'. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explicitly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on the evolutionary mechanism and pattern of urban energy-induced CO2 emissions with the combination of three kinds of methods. And the spatial structure adjustment and technical progress provides further elements for consideration about the scenarios of change in urban energy use and CO2 emissions.     

陕北黄土高原正负地形研究(英文)

The Loess positive and negative terrains (P-N terrains), which are widely distributed on the Loess Plateau, are discussed for the first time by introducing its characteristic, demarcation as well as extraction method from high-resolution Digital Elevation Models. Using 5 m-resolution DEMs as original test data, P-N terrains of 48 geomorphological units in different parts of Shaanxi Loess Plateau are extracted accurately. Then six indicators for depicting the geomorphologic landscape and spatial configuration characteristic of P-N terrains are proposed. The spatial distribution rules of these indicators and the relationship between the P-N terrains and Loess relief are discussed for further understanding of Loess landforms. Finally, with the integration of P-N terrains and traditional terrain indices, a series of un-supervised classification methods are applied to make a proper landform classification in northern Shaanxi. Results show that P-N terrains are an effect clue to reveal energy and substance distribution rules on the Loess Plateau. A continuous change of P-N terrains from south to north in Shaanxi Loess Plateau shows an obvious spatial difference of Loess landforms and the positive terrain area only accounted for 60.5% in this region. The P-N terrains participant landform classification method increases validity of the result, especially in the Loess tableland, Loess tableland-ridge and the Loess low-hill area. This research is significant on the study of Loess landforms with the Digital Terrains Analysis methods.