南极测绘地理信息数据库与管理系统设计与实现

基于最新基地测绘地理信息数据集,本文从基地测绘成果管理、分发服务、档案管理和应用服务等角度出发,系统地开展和完善极地测绘地理信息分类方法研究、基地测绘地理信息数据库及管理系统架构的设计与研建,以实现对各种数据和信息的快速查询、检索、统计,及时修改更新、空间分析与资源共享等,避免数据资料流失,实现数据的可持续利用,为科研人员和决策人员提供全面的研究和决策基础。     

GML for Representing Data from Spatio-Historical Databases: A Case Study

Many applications, in areas such as land use, traffic management and location aware services, involve the storage, analysis and sharing of spatio‐temporal data. The need to represent such data in a way that eases sharing across applications, has led to the development of the Geography Markup Language (GML), which provides a rich collection of constructs for representing spatial and associated aspatial data as XML documents. However, although there are a growing number of applications and tools that make use of GML, there are surprisingly few experience reports on the representation of data from existing applications or models using GML constructs. This paper provides one such report, describing the use of GML as an exchange format for the Tripod spatio‐historical database. This in turn involves identifying mappings between Tripod and GML constructs, and the development of a generic architecture for carrying out such mappings. The experience demonstrates that even though GML provides rich modelling facilities, the development of mappings from pre‐existing models can be challenging, as related constructs often provide semantically distinct capabilities.     

生物多样性监测网络建设进展

生物多样性是生物及其与环境形成的生态复合体以及与此相关的各种生态过程的总和。由于气候变化、人类活动的加剧,生物多样性正在经受前所未有的快速变化,各国政府和相关国际组织已经积极投入到生物多样性监测和保护中。为了解生物多样性的现状和变化规律,全球性、区域性及国家性生物多样性监测网络陆续建立。地球观测组织—生物多样性监测网络(GEO BON)作为全球性网络,目的是建立和完善生物多样性监测核心指标EBV(Essential Biodiversity Variables),推动监测指标的标准化和全球化,为数据共享和大尺度生物多样性变化评估奠定基础。在区域尺度上,欧盟成立了EU BON,亚太地区成立了AP-BON。在国家尺度上,瑞士、英国、日本等均建立了监测网络。中国科学院在"十二五"期间成立了中国生物多样性监测与研究网络(Sino BON),对中国生物多样性的变化开展长期的监测与研究。生物多样性监测依赖于传统调查方法与先进技术结合,如红外相机、基因技术、无人机技术等。遥感能够提供大范围、全覆盖的生物多样性信息,是未来大尺度生物多样性监测的重要手段之一。为此,GEO BON成立了"生态系统结构"组主要研究如何建立基于遥感数据的EBV。Sino BON也引入了无人机近地面遥感技术探讨更大区域的生物多样性监测。未来随着中国综合地球观测系统的完善,Sino BON的地面观测将更好地与卫星数据结合,实现生物多样性天地一体化监测,服务于中国生物多样性保护与评估。     

地理信息系统的演进与发展

分析了地理信息系统产生和发展的背景、地理信息系统软件体系结构和开发模式的发展变化,并基于开放的思想提出地理信息系统将向以网络服务和网格服务为主要形式的开放式GIS方向发展,以实现地理信息的共享与空间数据互操作以及信息资源共享与协同解决问题。     

地质资料信息集群化共享服务平台关键技术研究

地质资料是地质工作形成的重要基础信息资源,是国民经济和社会发展的重要信息支撑。国土资源部非常重视地质资料的开发利用和共享服务,将地质资料信息集群化产业化列为部重点工作之一。但是,地质资料分散保管、服务的现状为全国统一集群化服务的实现出了一道难题,现有的数据集中服务方式难以实现,为此,本文在深入调研和技术研究的基础上,提出了“数据分散存储、服务逻辑统一”的分布式地质资料集群化共享服务构架,攻克了分布式协同的技术难题,成功实现了地质资料信息的集群化服务。这套技术可以扩展到其它分布式存储管理的各类国土资源数据领域,将有效提升国土资源信息集群化服务能力。     

开源地理信息共享平台GeoNetwork及其定制应用实践

开源地理信息共享平台GeoNetwork基于通用的元数据存储和交换标准,具有面向服务的灵活架构,成为机构、行业整合分散地理信息的有效平台。本文介绍GeoNetwork,涉及架构、关键技术、核心功能定制等;基于GeoNetwork构建了兴都库什——喜马拉雅地区（HKH地区）地理信息共享网络中国节点,实践表明,GeoNetwork满足区域及行业地理信息共享平台的功能需求,定制开发的平台为区域合作研究和生态保护提供了支持。     

The Roles of Web Feature and Web Map Services in Real-time Geospatial Data Sharing for Time-critical Applications

Many time-critical applications such as emergency response, location-based services, and real time traffic management need instant access to diverse data to make quick decisions and take instantaneous actions. However, two issues block time-critical applications to quickly acquire and integrate spatial data over the web: (1) the heterogeneity of existing GIS systems, and (2) the file-level data sharing systems over the web. This research examines current open standards, protocols, and technologies capable of solving the two issues for real-time spatial data sharing over the web. Focusing on investigating the role of Web Feature Services (WFS) and Web Map Services (WMS), this research has developed a solution for real-time geospatial data sharing at the feature level over the web. A prototype has been implemented to query, extract, create, delete, update, and map geographic features stored in web-accessible OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) simple feature datastores for transportation emergency applications. The prototype results show that the OGC WFS and WMS play important roles in real-time geospatial data sharing and exchange from heterogeneous sources at the feature level for time-critical applications. The WFS and WMS eliminate time-consuming data translation and facilitate reuse of existing geospatial data over the web. Several issues related to the solution are also discussed in the paper.     

组件与服务耦合的地学模型集成方法与实现

传统的空间信息处理建模工具,如ArcGIS ModelBuilder,聚焦于地理空间信息处理算子的组合建模。“模型网”的提出对已有的空间信息处理建模工具提出了新的挑战,一方面,现有的空间信息处理建模工具需要能够支持网络环境,支持空间信息服务的即插即用;另一方面,服务需要与复杂地学模型耦合,支持基于时间步长的地学模型运行。针对组件与服务并存的现状以及异构模型和算法兼容性差等问题,提出了组件与服务耦合的地学模型集成方法;并从“模型即服务”和模型集成需求出发,提出了基于WebSocket协议发布地学模型的新方法,实现了基于时间步长的地学模型在线共享。采用科学工作流技术实现了遵循国际开放地理空间信息联盟（Open Geospatial Consortium,OGC）标准的空间信息服务、基于WebSocket协议的地学模型服务、遵循OpenMI开放建模接口规范的模型组件集成,具有逻辑一致、物理分隔、执行可控等特点。利用该方法将传统的空间信息处理建模工具拓展为地学模型集成工具,并应用于具体案例中,验证了方法的可行性。     

Combining European Earth Observation products with Dynamic Global Vegetation Models for estimating Essential Biodiversity Variables

ABSTRACT

Global, fast and accessible monitoring of biodiversity is one of the main pillars of the efforts undertaken in order to revert it loss. The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO-BON) provided an expert-based definition of the biological properties that should be monitored, the Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs). Initiatives to provide indicators for EBVs rely on global, freely available remote sensing (RS) products in combination with empirical models and field data, and are invaluable for decision making. In this study, we provide alternatives for the expansion and improvement of the EBV indicators, by suggesting current and future data from the European Space Agencýs COPERNICUS and explore the potential of RS-integrated Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) for the estimation of EBVs. Our review found that mainly due to the inclusion of the Sentinel constellation, Copernicus products have similar or superior potential for EBV indicator estimation in relation to their NASA counterparts. DGVMs simulate the ecosystem level EBVs (ecosystem function and structure), and when integrated with remote sensing data have great potential to not only offer improved estimation of current states but to provide projection of ecosystem impacts. We suggest that focus on producing EBV relevant outputs should be a priority within the research community, to support biodiversity preservation efforts.     

基于中间件的遥感影像数据共享技术研究

针对遥感影像共享服务的应用需求,提出基于中间件技术的影像数据共享方法;设计基于中间件技术的影像数据服务模式。通过实验实现支持多用户并发访问的服务原型,验证基于中间件技术的影像数据服务方法的可行性并给出进一步研究的方向。     

面向公平分配的时变应急服务覆盖优化

应急服务需要根据实际情况在城市的某些区位中提前布置,才能保证需求发生时能在规定时间内到达需求位置,提供应急服务。布置区位时,需要根据时变交通条件的变化,适当考虑时空的合理分布,以为城市居民提供较为公平的服务覆盖。传统最大区位覆盖模型较少考虑服务的公平分配,特别是在时变交通和复杂大规模路网条件下,缺乏对公平量度的显式建模。基于目前区域覆盖优化模型的最近进展,扩展了传统最大区位覆盖模型,建立面向公平分配的时变应急服务覆盖模型,提出了相应的启发式高效求解方法。利用武汉市数据进行实验验证,证实模型求解得到的区位配置解较之传统模型,不仅提供了更加公平的应急服务覆盖,也考虑到了时变交通条件,改善了应急资源在时空上的均衡配置水平,整体上提高了应急服务质量。     

电力资源地理信息平台研究与实现

随着新时期智能电网建设不断发展,电力资源管理呈现一体化、资源互享特点,电力部门不断加强与其他行业数据共享与交换,同时需形成一套从数据采集、编辑、成图、检查、入库、更新、共享与交换等一体化长期有效更新机制保证电力数据现势性。基于面向服务的软件架构利用地理信息系统、移动网络、数据库等技术研发电力资源地理信息平台,实现不同终端用户对电力资源数据(输电、配电等)管理与应用,保证电力资源数据快速生产与建库,高效与国土、规划等部门数据共享,辅助相关部门的管理与决策,提升电网设施保护和安全管理水平。     

基于开放互操作标准的分布式地理空间模型共享研究

传统的单机环境和封闭式网络环境由于有限的资源利用能力, 难以充分支持分散地学数据、模型等资源的共享与应用集成。基于网络环境的信息交换特点, 提出了分布式地理空间模型共享的服务体系。该体系以数据、模型、元数据等互操作要素为核心, 通过网络将数据、模型等网络节点进行开放式耦合。针对地理空间模型服务的互操作问题, 提出了分布式环境下的模型共享服务交互接口, 该接口定义了模型服务元数据、模型服务的交互操作、模型服务的通讯方式等交互规则, 尽可能地降低模型服务与模型终端之间在数据交换、功能调用等方面的互操作困难。为了降低将模型共享为模型服务的实现难度, 设计和开发了地理空间模型共享平台, 并介绍了在该平台上发布地理空间模型的2种方法。最后介绍了研究成果在Prairie生态模型共享方面的应用实践。     

服务于城市规划管理的遥感信息平台技术研究

面对城市规划管理对遥感信息的强烈需求,重庆市遥感中心开展了从规划遥感标准制定、影像处理、数据建库、遥感规划分析模型、发布服务等遥感信息平台建设工作。本文就在建设过程中用到的数据库建设、信息共享与交换的关键技术,和规划行业遥感分析应用的技术实现思路提出探讨,希望推动国内遥感技术在不同领域的深层次应用。     

FedIDS: a federated cloud storage architecture and satellite image delivery service for building dependable geospatial platforms

Earth observation satellites produce large amounts of images/data that not only must be processed and preserved in reliable geospatial platforms but also efficiently disseminated among partners/researchers for creating derivative products through collaborative workflows. Organizations can face up this challenge in a cost-effective manner by using cloud services. However, outages and violations of integrity/confidentiality associated to this technology could arise. This article presents FedIDS, a suite of cloud-based components for building dependable geospatial platforms. The Fed component enables organizations to build shared geospatial data infrastructure through federation of independent cloud resources to withstand outages, whereas IDS avoids violations of integrity/confidentiality of images/data in sharing information and collaboration workflows. A FedIDS prototype, deployed in Spain and Mexico, was evaluated through a study case based on a satellite imagery captured by a Mexican antenna and another based on a satellite imagery of a European observation mission. The acquisition, storage and sharing of images among users of the federation, the exchange of images between Mexican and Spanish sites and outage scenarios were evaluated. The evaluation revealed the feasibility, reliability and efficiency of FedIDS, in comparison with available solutions, in terms of performance, storage consume and integrity/confidentiality when sharing images/data in collaborative scenarios.     

土地资源遥感监测信息服务系统关键技术研究

本文从土地遥感监测信息的特点入手,研究了土地遥感监测信息服务系统的构建技术。在后台数据组织方面,针对土地遥感监测信息包含多种类型和相互关联的数据源,提出了基于元数据机制的遥感监测信息组织体系;在应用部署上,通过空间数据库引擎和地图网络服务引擎实现后台对空间数据的调用和处理;在客户端功能开发上,实现了基于WebGIS的土地遥感监测信息综合应用与服务。     

企业级燃气管网地理信息系统建设方案研究

以实现城市燃气企业内部燃气管网资源的集中管理、统一调配、资源共享为目标,设计了一套企业级燃气管网地理信息系统建设方案。该方案以SOA架构、多线程网络GIS服务、物联网为核心技术,涵盖了总体架构、数据库、应用系统建设等内容,为燃气企业的信息化建设提供参考依据。