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1.
《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2022,46(3):277-296
Radio frequency interference (RFI) is one of the main challenges in the search of radio targets and their accurate analysis. The efficient RFI detection and mitigation techniques are required in the radio data processing. Existing RFI mitigation algorithms typically fall into three categories: component decomposition methods, threshold-based methods, and machine learning methods. The threshold-based algorithms are widely used in real applications because of its clear principle, simple structure, and easily implementation. Especially, the SumThreshold method is becoming more concerned for its good performance in RFI detection. Therefore, this work investigates the principles and algorithm of SumThreshold, and discusses its characteristics and applicability. 相似文献
2.
射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)是射电目标搜寻和精确分析研究的关键影响因素,因此RFI检测是相关数据处理中的一个重要环节.已有RFI检测方法可分为成分分解法、阈值分析法、机器学习类方法.从应用广泛性和可解释性方面考虑,阈值分析法最具代表性,特别是SumThreshold是近年备受关注的一个RFI检测方法.从SumThreshold方法的原理、算法设计、优化要点、适用性等方面进行介绍和探讨,以供同行参考. 相似文献
3.
射电天文信号非常微弱,电磁环境对射电望远镜观测至关重要,通常可以利用地形、建立无线电宁静区、进行电磁屏蔽与防护等手段来减小电磁干扰.然而,仍有一些干扰难以屏蔽.故提出了一种基于自适应滤波的干扰消除方法,可用于复杂噪声环境中天文信号的提取.该方法借助自适应横向滤波器,采用最小均方(Least Mean Square, LMS)误差算法,以系统误差和收敛性为评判标准,通过改变步长与阶数对滤波效果进行优化,仿真结果显示该滤波器能在保证算法收敛的前提下有效提取信号.为了检验该算法的有效性,选取了新疆天文台南山26 m射电望远镜和Parkes 64 m射电望远镜记录的观测数据,采用设计的滤波器分别对不同的实测数据进行测试,验证了该滤波器的有效性.理论分析与实验结果一致表明该方法能有效消除天文观测中的干扰信号,具有一定的实用性. 相似文献
4.
LIU Qi LIU Ye CHEN Mao-zheng WANG Yue LIU Feng YAN Hao CAO Liang SU Xiao-ming 《天文学报》2019,60(6):82-94
近些年,南山台址内部各类电子设备不断引入,此过程忽视了有效的设备管理及电磁防护,且台址周边无线电业务增多,以致电波环境恶化。为改善台址电波环境,采用一种准实时电波环境测量方法测量分析了台址周边瞬态信号的影响;另外,为提高微弱信号检测能力,采用便携式电磁干扰测量系统和26m射电望远镜对台址主要干扰信号特征及来源进行测量分析。依据测量和分析结果,采用屏蔽及滤波技术对望远镜观测室内部主要干扰源进行电磁防护,并针对屏蔽工程的有效性进行测量评估,结果表明,采用的电磁屏蔽措施有效。另外,提出了初步南山无线电宁静区保护办法缓解台址外部电磁干扰。 相似文献
5.
从海量的天文观测数据中快速搜寻罕见的快速射电暴(Fast Radio Burst, FRB)事件, 干扰缓解是其中一项关键而具有挑战的工作. 射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)会淹没真实的天文事件, 还会导致搜寻管线输出大量的假阳性候选体. 由于干扰来源及其种类的复杂性, 目前并没有一种通用的方法可以解决这个问题. 为了降低干扰对FRB观测搜寻的影响, 分析和研究了南山26m射电望远镜L波段观测数据中的干扰情况, 针对主要的窄带干扰和宽带干扰建立了3层次的干扰缓解处理流程, 从而有效缓解了观测数据的干扰污染情况. 将该流程嵌入到FRB色散动态谱搜寻(Dispersed Dynamic Spectra Search, DDSS)管线中, 实验结果表明, 搜寻管线的检测率和检测精度得到了进一步的提高. 该方法为FRB观测数据干扰缓解处理提供了有价值的参考. 相似文献
6.
电磁兼容性是设备或系统的重要性能指标, 也是保障系统的工作效能和提高系统可靠性的重要因素. 大口径射电望远镜运行阶段, 台址周围无线电业务及内部潜在的电磁干扰会降低观测系统灵敏度、影响天文观测的质量. 本论文针对拟建的新疆110 m全向可动射电望远镜(Qi Tai raido Telescope, QTT)开展了系统电磁兼容评估技术及控制方法研究, 具有重要的工程应用价值. 首先, 依据现有电波环境测量方法的不足, 深入分析了仪器设备的关键参数配置方法及测量时间计算方法, 采用Y因子法校准测量数据, 提出一种准实时电波环境测量方法. 面向高重复性宽带频谱, 分析了宽带频谱信号和噪声特征, 结合标准差理论, 提出一种基于邻值比较的信噪分离方法, 并采用邻值统计方法优化关键参数, 提高信噪分离精度. 针对QTT台址, 开发了自动化电波环境监测系统, 该系统6 GHz以下频段系统增益大于40 dB, 系统噪声系数小于2 dB, 测量不确定度小于1.49 dB, 具有极高的系统灵敏度和测量精度; 分析了频谱监测数据流, 设计了基于HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format version 5)的数据存储格式, 开发了自动化电波环境测量和监控软件及数据处理软件. 依据QTT台址长期监测数据, 评估分析了台址电磁环境、主要干扰源特征及其影响. 其次, 提出大口径射电望远镜馈源口面干扰电平限值量化方法, 建立了基于台址地形的电波传播模型, 分析了现有电波传播模型的优缺点及适应性, 结合QTT台址实际地形及地质特征, 采用Longley-Rice和Two-Ray电波传播模型, 预测分析了QTT台址潜在干扰区域电磁干扰达到射电望远镜的电波路径衰减, 结合大口径射电望远镜天线增益量化方法, 提出设备所在位置干扰电平限值量化方法, 运用该方法对QTT台址潜在干扰区域的干扰电平限值进行量化. 依据设备所在位置干扰电平限值, 调研分析了国内外军用、民用电磁兼容测量标准, 结合电磁干扰对射电天文观测的影响, 提出一种大口径射电望远镜电磁兼容控制方法, 解决了现有电波暗室测量系统无法直接测量评估电子设备电磁兼容的问题, 该电磁兼容控制方法计划应用于QTT建设及运行阶段, 确保系统拥有良好的电磁兼容性. 最后, 依据QTT台址潜在干扰区域干扰电平限值, 结合典型电子设备电磁辐射频谱, 分析了QTT电磁兼容设计需求, 提出电磁兼容设计初步方案. 另外, 针对台址建筑设施内的中低电磁辐射干扰源, 提出一种低成本建筑屏蔽方法, 应用于QTT台址现有建筑. 相似文献
7.
随着频率使用率的提高, 射电天文台址地面或空间存在强电磁干扰致使望远镜接收机系统处于非线性状态. 为减少强电磁干扰的影响、提高天文观测效率, 提出了一种基于望远镜远场区域的强干扰源规避方法. 首先, 通过仿真分析确定的射电望远镜远场方向图, 结合望远镜与干扰源之间的位置关系, 分析了强电磁干扰到达射电望远镜焦点处的功率响应, 并依据接收机第2阶中频放大器性能参数, 确定射电望远镜处于非饱和状态的规避角度计算方法. 其次, 采用该方法计算分析了民航飞机对射电望远镜的影响, 若民航飞机上有主动发射的干扰源, 且不经过反射等传播现象, 当射电望远镜主波束轴偏开一定方向后, 可有效降低对射电望远镜的干扰强度. 相似文献
8.
Steven W. Ellingson 《Experimental Astronomy》2004,17(1-3):261-267
Radio frequency interference (RFI) has plagued radio astronomy from its inception. The Workshop on the Mitigation of Radio Frequency Interference in Radio Astronomy (RFI2004) was held in Penticton, BC, Canada in July 2004 in order to consider the prognosis for the RFI problem, in particular as it impacts the planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA). This paper concludes that RFI is unlikely to be a “showstopper” in achieving SKA science goals, but that improved RFI mitigation technology may nevertheless be essential in order to take advantage of the vastly improved sensitivity, bandwidth, and field of view. Reported results provide some optimism that the desired improvements in RFI mitigation technology are possible, but indicate that much more work is required. 相似文献
9.
Li Zhen-qiang Li Ji-bin Zhang Xu-guo Shan Wen-lei Xu Ye Zuo Ying-xi Zhang Hai-long Jin Feng-juan Sun Ji-xian Lu Deng-rong Ju Bing-gang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(4):590-608
In astronomical observations, the radio frequency interference (RFI) will cause pseudo spectra and reduce the reliability and validity of observational data. The RFI mitigation, which includes many technical innovations of devices and the method studies of data processing, aims at reducing the influence of RFI on the radio astronomical observation. Various efforts were made to improve the anti-RFI capability of the multi-beam receiver (Superconducting Spectroscopic Array Receiver, SSAR) of the Delingha 13.7 m telescope. The interference transmission path was analyzed. The concepts of the device RFI direct coupling coefficient and the device RFI system coupling coefficient were proposed. The proportions of interference introduced in the receiver system by the different devices were quantified, and the interference-susceptible devices in the system were located. After the anti-RFI treatment of the interference-susceptible devices, the anti-RFI capability of the receiver system is improved by 30 dB in average, and the astronomical observation efficiency of the telescope is increased by more than 10%. 相似文献
10.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2020,(8)
Radio frequency interference(RFI) is an important challenge in radio astronomy. RFI comes from various sources and increasingly impacts astronomical observation as telescopes become more sensitive. In this study, we propose a fast and effective method for removing RFI in pulsar data. We use pseudo-inverse learning to train a single hidden layer auto-encoder(AE). We demonstrate that the AE can quickly learn the RFI signatures and then remove them from fast-sampled spectra, leaving real pulsar signals. This method has the advantage over traditional threshold-based filter method in that it does not completely remove contaminated channels, which could also contain useful astronomical information. 相似文献
11.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(5)
Radio frequency interference(RFI) is a serious issue in radio astronomy. This paper proposes a U-Net network model with atrous convolution to detect RFI. Using the ability of convolutional neural networks to extract image features of RFI, and learning RFI distribution patterns, the detection model of the RFI is established. We use observational data containing real RFIs obtained by the Tianlai telescope to train the model so that the model can detect RFI. Calculate the probability of a data point being RFI pixel by pixel, and set a threshold. At the same time the dropout layer was added to avoid overfitting problems. If the predicted probability of a data point exceeds the threshold, it is considered that there is RFI, and if the predicted probability of a data point does not exceed the threshold, then it is considered that there is no RFI,so that the part of the image with RFI is flagged. Experimental results show that this approach can achieve satisfactory accuracy in the detection of radio observation images with a small amount of RFI. 相似文献
12.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2016,(2)
Detection and mitigation of radio frequency interference(RFI) is the first and also the key step for data processing in radio observations, especially for ongoing low frequency radio experiments towards the detection of the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization(Eo R). In this paper we demonstrate the technique and efficiency of RFI identification and mitigation for the 21 Centimeter Array(21CMA), a radio interferometer dedicated to the statistical measurement of Eo R. For terrestrial, man-made RFI, we concentrate mainly on a statistical approach by identifying and then excising non-Gaussian signatures, in the sense that the extremely weak cosmic signal is actually buried under thermal and therefore Gaussian noise. We also introduce the so-called visibility correlation coefficient instead of conventional visibility, which allows a further suppression of rapidly time-varying RFI. Finally, we briefly discuss removals of the sky RFI, the leakage of sidelobes from off-field strong radio sources with time-invariant power and a featureless spectrum. It turns out that state of the art technique should allow us to detect and mitigate RFI to a satisfactory level in present low frequency interferometer observations such as those acquired with the 21 CMA, and the accuracy and efficiency can be greatly improved with the employment of low-cost, high-speed computing facilities for data acquisition and processing. 相似文献
13.
Hai-Yan Zhang Ming-Chang Wu You-Ling Yue Heng-Qian Gan Hao Hu Shi-Jie Huang Xin-Xin Zhang Jin-Hai Sun Bo Peng Ren-Dong Nan FAST Collaboration 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2020,(5):171-174
Radio Frequency Interference(RFI)mitigation is essential for supporting the science output of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)due to its high sensitivity.In order to protect FAST from RFI,an Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC)study has been carried out and the operation of a Radio Quiet Zone(RQZ)is ongoing.RFI measurements of the telescope instruments and monitoring of the active radio services outside the site have revealed the radiation properties of the RFI sources.Based on the measurement results and theoretical analysis,various EMC methods have been implemented for the telescope to decrease the RFIs.Meanwhile,the main RFI sources in the FAST RQZ,such as mobile stations,broadcast stations and navigation instruments,have been identified,and the technical measures have been adopted to protect the quiet radio environment around the site.The early science outputs of FAST have demonstrated the efficiency of RFI mitigation methods. 相似文献
14.
在天文观测中,射频干扰会造成假谱,降低数据的可靠性和有效性.射频干扰消减旨在减少干扰信号对射电天文观测的影响,包含器件方面的技术革新和数据处理领域的方法研究.针对德令哈13.7 m望远镜接收机中频部分引入的射频干扰,通过优化中频器件的抗射频干扰能力,提高了接收机的整体抗射频干扰能力,以主动消除方法来减少射频干扰耦合到接收机内部.分析了接收机干扰的传输路径,提出了器件射频干扰的直接耦合系数和器件射频干扰的系统耦合系数的概念,为定位干扰敏感器件并量化干扰引入比重提供了基础.经过抗射频干扰优化后,接收机抗干扰能力改善30 dB左右,望远镜的天文观测效率提高10%以上. 相似文献
15.
Roberto Ambrosini Pietro Bolli Claudio Bortolotti Francesco Gaudiomonte Filippo Messina Mauro Roma 《Experimental Astronomy》2010,27(3):121-130
Apart from externally generated Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), the occurrence of self-interference is a major concern
at any modern radio telescope site. Antenna servo motor controllers, data acquisition processors, and fast computing capabilities
operate very close to extremely sensitive and wideband radio astronomical receivers. In this paper, we present a set of measurements
of the RFI level generated by a cluster of computers that will be installed at the site of the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT).
The measured levels are compared to Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2, which gives the threshold levels for interference detrimental
to radio astronomy observations. Our analysis shows that, with proper shielding of the noisiest devices, it will be possible
to preserve the present excellent RFI conditions of the SRT site. 相似文献
16.
In this paper we present an interference detection toolbox consisting of a high dynamic range Digital Fast‐Fourier‐Transform spectrometer (DFFT, based on FPGA‐technology) and data analysis software for automated radio frequency interference (RFI) detection. The DFFT spectrometer allows high speed data storage of spectra on time scales of less than a second. The high dynamic range of the device assures constant calibration even during extremely powerful RFI events. The software uses an algorithm which performs a two‐dimensional baseline fit in the time‐frequency domain, searching automatically for RFI signals superposed on the spectral data. We demonstrate, that the software operates successfully on computer‐generated RFI data as well as on real DFFT data recorded at the Effelsberg 100‐m telescope. At 21‐cm wavelength RFI signals can be identified down to the 4σ rms level. A statistical analysis of all RFI events detected in our observational data revealed that: (1) mean signal strength is comparable to the astronomical line emission of the Milky Way, (2) interferences are polarised, (3) electronic devices in the neighbourhood of the telescope contribute significantly to the RFI radiation. We also show that the radiometer equation is no longer fulfilled in presence of RFI signals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
17.
《New Astronomy》2022
Radio frequency interference (RFI) identification is a key step in radio data processing. In order to efficiently process huge volumes of data produced by modern large radio telescopes, such as the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), exceptional balance between accuracy and performance (throughput) is required for RFI flagging algorithms. RFI-Net is a single-process RFI identification package based on deep learning technique, and has achieved a higher flagging accuracy than the classical SumThreshold method. In this paper, we present a scalable RFI flagging toolkit, which can drive parallel workflows on multi-CPU and multi-GPU clusters, with RFI-Net as its core detector. It can automatically schedule the workload and aggregate itself after errors according to the running environment. Moreover, its main components are all pluggable, and can be easily customized according to requirements. The experiments with real data of FAST showed that using eight parallel workflows, the toolkit can process sky survey data at a speed of 66.79 GB/h, which means quasi-real-time RFI flagging can be achieved considering the data rate of FAST extragalactic spectral line observations. 相似文献
18.
B. Peng J. M. Sun H. Y. Zhang T. Y. Piao J. Q. Li L. Lei T. Luo D. H. Li Y. J. Zheng R. NAN 《Experimental Astronomy》2004,17(1-3):423-430
Radio frequency interference (RFI) test observations were carried out at one of the candidate Square Kilometre Array (SKA) sites in Guizhou province, following the “RFI Measurement Protocol for Candidate SKA Sites” (hereafter RFI protocol). All data (raw and calibrated) are preserved in some suitable format, such as that set by the international RFI working group of the Site Evaluation and Selection Committee (SESC). An RFI test in December 2003 was performed according to Mode 1 of the RFI Protocol, in order to identify technical difficulties which might arise during a co-ordinated RFI measurement campaign over a period of 1 year. In this paper we describe the current equipment, observational technique and data presentation. The preliminary results demonstrate that the RFI situation at Dawodang depression in Guizhou province makes it quite a promising location for the proposed SKA. Furthermore, the first session of the RFI monitoring program, which was made in May 2004, showed that a complete RFI measurement including both modes 1 and 2 of the RFI Protocol would take about 2 weeks. The possible ways to minimize some limitations of the current equipment are also discussed, which will enable us to meet the RFI protocol. 相似文献
19.
中国太阳射电宽带动态频谱仪(solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer)在太阳物理研究和国际合作交流中发挥了重要作用.为进一步扩大该设备观测数据的国际交流和共享、挖掘数据的深层信息、加快科学产出,有必要开发一套与SSW(Solar Soft Ware)兼容的数据分析系统.该系统具有以下主要特点:(1)按SSW规范设计编写,既可以在SSW环境下运行也可以独立安装使用;(2)新界面设计更易于用户上手,也可以进行复杂深层的数值分析;(3)规范明晰的功能模块和流程设计减少了漏洞和排错时间,定标和特征信息提取等多种亟需功能的完善为科学研究开拓了空间,节省了时间;(4)利用MySQL关系数据库管理系统建设一个安全稳定、易于升级管理的数据库,便于浏览搜索和批量下载.此外,该数据分析系统的开发将为正在研制的中国太阳射电频谱日像仪积累经验和储备技术,并为国内其它台站提供模式和经验. 相似文献
20.
The search for fast radio bursts(FRBs) is a hot topic in current radio astronomy studies. In this work, we carry out a single pulse search with a very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) pulsar observation data set using both auto spectrum and cross spectrum search methods. The cross spectrum method,first proposed in Liu et al., maximizes the signal power by fully utilizing the fringe phase information of the baseline cross spectrum. The auto spectrum search method is based on the popular pulsar software package PRESTO, which extracts single pulses from the auto spectrum of each station. According to our comparison, the cross spectrum method is able to enhance the signal power and therefore extract single pulses from data contaminated by high levels of radio frequency interference(RFI), which makes it possible to carry out a search for FRBs in regular VLBI observations when RFI is present. 相似文献