银道面附近若干天区变星搜寻

对新疆天文台南山1 m大视场天文望远镜观测的历史数据进行细致的数据挖掘,发现了百余颗变源。数据处理流水线为新疆天文台时域巡天数据处理包,该处理包同时考虑了测光系统内部权重和相关性,并结合快速混合算法编写。除去已知的变源,又发现了很多新的变源。对新变源证认的过程中,将结果与LAMOST, GCVS, VSX, GaiaDR2等星表进行交叉。在讨论部分,对各星表的使用情况给出了说明。最后发现这些新变源绝大部分是食双星,少部分是脉动变星,并有一颗表现相对复杂的变源。     

红巨星中长副周期变星的起源

长副周期变星是一类特殊的半规则变星,大量存在于银河系和大小麦哲伦云中,约占渐近巨星分支的25%～30%。该类变星有两个光变周期,短的主周期为30～200 d,由径向脉动的低阶模式导致;长的副周期长达400～1500 d。在长周期变星的周光关系中,长副周期变星处在D序列,平行于径向脉动的A、B和C序列,且与属于双星系统的E序列部分重叠。长副周期现象的起源一直是个谜,现存的解释模型有:径向脉动、非径向脉动、双星、磁活动、带有一个巨大黑子的转动红巨星、转动的椭球红巨星、κ机制等,但这些模型没有一种能完美地解释长副周期变星的起源。     

2011 IOAA数据分析试题

1．分析光变亮度极小时间食双星仙后座V1107是典型的大熊座W型短周期食变双星,图1为它在一个周期内观测得到的光变曲线,可见一个主极小和一个次极小。     

云南-香港宽视场巡天新发现的一个磁活动双星系统

云南-香港宽视场巡天新发现了一个磁活动双星系统,其轨道周期为0.60286 d.利用云南天文台1 m光学望远镜附加CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)相机,观测得到了这个双星系统的V、Rc双色光变曲线,结果表明该系统食外存在明显的测光畸变.借助云南天文台丽江2.4 m望远镜附加云南暗弱天体光谱成像仪(Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera, YFOSC)对该双星系统的分光观测,测定了该双星系统主星的视向速度曲线并发现该系统的主星表面存在着强烈的色球活动,从而证明系统的光变曲线畸变源自主星的黑子活动.使用W-D (Wilson-Devinney)程序分析上述观测得到的光变曲线和视向速度曲线,得到了该双星系统的轨道参数以及黑子参数.最后,对该系统的特性进行了讨论并对未来的工作进行了展望.     

基于神经网络的半接双星测光解轨方法

半接双星(semi-detached binary)对于研究相互作用双星的形成和演化有着重要意义。随着大规模时域巡天时代的到来,预计将发现大量此类天体。针对海量的时域观测数据,需要一种快捷的建模工具对半接双星开展自动化光变曲线分析。基于神经网络构建了半接双星快速测光解轨模型。该模型根据光变曲线和已知的主星温度对半接双星的轨道进行建模,获得其轨道倾角、相对半径、质量比和温度比4个基本参数。结果表明,半接双星神经网络解轨模型能够快速地对一条光变曲线建模。在测光误差小于光变曲线振幅1%时,模型对于轨道倾角接近90^°、温度比约为0.6、光变振幅为1.84 mag的半接双星的轨道倾角、相对半径、质量比和温度比的测量误差分别为1.251, 0.004, 0.008和0.003。另外,模型应用在开普勒(Kepler)卫星实测光变曲线的结果表明,模型能够较为准确地对脉动食双星的光变曲线进行建模(拟合度可达0.9以上)。此外,该模型作为一个通用工具可以迁移到不同测光巡天项目上。     

中子星中心致密天体的双星起源

探讨了认为中心致密天体(CCO)起源于双星的可能性.首先, CCO与正常遗迹脉冲星有着相似的平均自旋周期,但CCO的平均表面磁场强度(B～5.4×10~(10)Gs)低于正常遗迹脉冲星(B～7.7×10~(12)Gs)～2个量级.同时,几乎所有的正常遗迹脉冲星均分布在爱丁顿吸积加速线以上,而CCO全部分布在自旋加速线以下.因此怀疑CCO可能起源于双星吸积加速过程.其次,基于中子星再加速理论,分析了CCO可能的双星演化过程:双星系统中, CCO以M～1017g·s~(-1)的吸积率,经过～106yr的时间共吸积△M～10~(-2)M⊙的物质,其自旋周期将会从P～10 s降低至P～0.1 s,表面磁场强度将会从B～10~(12)Gs降低至B～1010Gs.考虑到～106yr的演化时标远大于CCO遗迹的年龄(～0.3–7 kyr),猜想CCO可能是双星系统中第1颗恒星超新星爆发的产物,而第2颗恒星超新星爆发后双星解体,留下CCO和第2颗恒星的超新星遗迹.该模型预言在CCO附近可能存在一颗年轻的正常脉冲星(P～0.02 s, B～1012Gs),并期望未来的射电望远镜和高能探测器能够进行搜寻.     

脉冲星参数统计和演化

统计分析了目前发现的几种脉冲星的自转周期和表面磁场以及空间的分布情况,揭示出毫秒脉冲星比普通射电脉冲星、LMXB(低质量X射线双星)比HMXB(高质量X射线双星)的空间分布要更加弥散;孤立毫秒脉冲星自转周期分布的峰值为4.7 ms,而普通脉冲星的相应值为0.6 s,双星中毫秒脉冲星这一值为3.5 ms; FERMI脉冲...     

大陵五型食双星CI Aur的测光解和它的光变频谱分析

本文发表了1984年11月至1985年1月期间在美国McDonald天文台对大陵五型食双星CI Aur进行的UBV测光结果,以及采用Wilson-Devinney方法求解出它的轨道要素。结果表明CI Aur是一个半分离的双星系统,它的次星充满了Roche瓣,而主星离它的Roche等位面相离很远。两颗子星温度相差很大,质量比为0.687,轨道倾角i为74.42°。 CI Aur的光变曲线呈现随机的亮度“抖动”和明显的光变起伏。作者采用了自迴归功率谱方法和调和分析方法对它的光变起伏进行了频谱分析,求出了振荡的准周期和振幅。文章最后讨论了它的两种模型。     

关于Mira变星质量损失率的进一步讨论

本文从Mira变星的光谱型、周期以及与之成协的OH脉泽频谱出发,按辐射压驱动恒星风的质量损失机制,计算了42个有OH脉泽双峰频谱资料的Mira变星的质量损失率,从而找出了Mira变星质量损失率与恒星光度、脉动周期以及成协脉泽源速度的关系.在质量损失率和表面有效温度之间未见明显的依赖性.文中最后对所得结果进行了简单的讨论.     

亮星星表中脉动变星的双星比例研究

本文以亮星星表1982年版的资料为依据,统计了双星比例随光谱型的变化。发现巨星的双星比例由B、A型的50％左右逐渐下降到M型的24％,而矮星的双星比例不随光谱型下降,都在50％左右。还发现各主要类型脉动变星中的双星比例比上述相应光谱区内的双星比例高约10％。这可能说明成双性与恒星演化和脉动特性均有某种关系。造父变星中双星比例高达53％是很值得仔细研究的问题。     

Research on Periodicity of Single Sector Variable Star of TESS Space Satellite

The short exposure and high precision photometry of TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) space satellite provide good data for distinguishing variable stars and searching planets. In this paper, a series of methods, such as periodic spectrum and phase folding, are used to analyze 19995 target sources with high-quality variable data in TESS sector 21, and these sources are classified. A total of 4624 variable stars are obtained, including 322 binary stars, 470 pulsating variable stars, and 37 planetary transients. A total of 625 variable sources were cross matched with VSX (The International Variable Star Index). Among them, 131 were eclipsing binary systems and 31 were pulsating variables, whose periods are obtained by periodic spectrum. The other 59 variable stars have flare phenomena, and 8 stars have transiting planets, whose rotation periods are also obtained through the periodic spectrum. The feasibility of the analysis of variable stars by TESS space satellite data is verified. By comparing the period results obtained by TESS space satellite sector 21 with the variable star period provided by VSX variable star table, we found that the periods of most variable stars are consistent with those in this paper, and a few of them need to be corrected. Finally, the verified and corrected variable star tables are provided in this paper.     

The eclipsing intermediate polar V597 Pup (Nova Puppis 2007)

JL 82 is a known binary, consisting of an sdB star and a companion which is not directly observable in the optical. Photometric measurements reported in this paper show it to variable with both the binary period (∼0.75 d), as well as on much shorter time-scales. The shorter periods are ascribed to pulsation of the sdB star, making it a member of the PG 1716 class of pulsating stars.     

Evolution of neutron stars in high-mass X-ray binaries

We consider the evolution of neutron stars during the X-ray phase of high-mass binaries. Calculations are performed assuming a crustal origin of the magnetic field. A strong wind from the companion can significantly influence the magnetic and spin behaviour of a neutron star even during the main-sequence life of the companion. In the course of evolution, the neutron star passes through four evolutionary phases ('isolated pulsar', propeller, wind accretion, and Roche lobe overflow). The model considered can naturally account for the observed magnetic fields and spin periods of neutron stars, as well as the existence of pulsating and non-pulsating X-ray sources in high-mass binaries. Calculations also predict the existence of a particular sort of high-mass binary with a secondary that fills its Roche lobe and a neutron star that does not accrete the overflowing matter because of fast spin.     

Close encounters in young stellar clusters: implications for planetary systems in the solar neighbourhood

The stars that populate the solar neighbourhood were formed in stellar clusters. Through N -body simulations of these clusters, we measure the rate of close encounters between stars. By monitoring the interaction histories of each star, we investigate the singleton fraction in the solar neighbourhood. A singleton is a star which formed as a single star, has never experienced any close encounters with other stars or binaries, or undergone an exchange encounter with a binary. We find that, of the stars which formed as single stars, a significant fraction is not singletons once the clusters have dispersed. If some of these stars had planetary systems, with properties similar to those of the Solar System, the planets' orbits may have been perturbed by the effects of close encounters with other stars or the effects of a companion star within a binary. Such perturbations can lead to strong planet–planet interactions which eject several planets, leaving the remaining planets on eccentric orbits. Some of the single stars exchange into binaries. Most of these binaries are broken up via subsequent interactions within the cluster, but some remain intact beyond the lifetime of the cluster. The properties of these binaries are similar to those of the observed binary systems containing extrasolar planets. Thus, dynamical processes in young stellar clusters will alter significantly any population of Solar System-like planetary systems. In addition, beginning with a population of planetary systems exactly resembling the Solar System around single stars, dynamical encounters in young stellar clusters may produce at least some of the extrasolar planetary systems observed in the solar neighbourhood.     

The University of New South Wales Extrasolar Planet Search: a catalogue of variable stars from fields observed between 2004 and 2007

We present a new catalogue of variable stars compiled from the data taken for the University of New South Wales Extrasolar Planet Search. From 2004 October to 2007 May, 25 target fields were each observed for one to four months, resulting in ∼87 000 high-precision light curves with 1600–4400 data points. We have extracted a total of 850 variable light curves, 659 of which do not have a counterpart in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars, the New Suspected Variables catalogue or the All Sky Automated Survey southern variable star catalogue. The catalogue is detailed here, and includes 142 Algol-type eclipsing binaries, 23 β Lyrae-type eclipsing binaries, 218 contact eclipsing binaries, 53 RR Lyrae stars, 26 Cepheid stars, 13 rotationally variable active stars, 153 uncategorized pulsating stars with periods <10 d, including δ Scuti stars, and 222 long period variables with variability on time-scales of >10 d. As a general application of variable stars discovered by extrasolar planet transit search projects, we discuss several astrophysical problems which could benefit from carefully selected samples of bright variables. These include (i) the quest for contact binaries with the smallest mass ratio, which could be used to test theories of binary mergers; (ii) detached eclipsing binaries with pre-main-sequence components, which are important test objects for calibrating stellar evolutionary models and (iii) RR Lyrae-type pulsating stars exhibiting the Blazhko effect, which is one of the last great mysteries of pulsating star research.     

Variable binaries and variables in binaries in the Binary star DataBase

The Binary star DataBase(BDB, http://bdb.inasan.ru) combines data from catalogs of binary and multiple stars of all observational types. There is a number of ways for variable stars to form or to be a part of binary or multiple systems. We describe how such stars are represented in the database.     

Variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 2126

We report the results of a time-series CCD photometric survey of variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 2126. In about a one square degree field covering the cluster, a total of 21 variable candidates are detected during this survey, of which 16 are newly found. The periods, classifications and spectral types of 14 newly discovered variables are discussed, which consist of six eclipsing binary systems, three pulsating variable stars, three long period variables, one RS CVn star, and one W UMa or δ Scuti star. In addition, there are two variable candidates, the properties of which cannot be determined. By a method based on fitting observed spectral energy distributions of stars with theoretical ones, the membership probabilities and the fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined. As a result, five variables are probably members of NGC 2126. The fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined as: metallicity to be 0.008 Z , age log(t)=8.95, distance modulus (m - M)0 = 10.34 and reddening value E(B -V) = 0.55 mag.     

Where are the binary source gravitational microlensing events? II

Despite the same multiplicity of lenses and sources, the frequency of detection of binary source events is relatively very low compared with that of binary lens events. Dominik pointed out that the rarity of binary source events is caused mainly by the large difference in amplification between the component stars. In this paper, we determine that the fraction of events with similar source star amplifications is as large as ∼8 per cent, and thus show that the very low detection rate for binary source events cannot be explained by this effect alone. By carrying out realistic simulations of binary source events, we find that a significant number of binary source events are additionally missed from detection for various other reasons. First, if the flux ratio between the component stars is very large, the light curve of the bright star is hardly affected by the light from the faint star. Secondly, if the separation is too small, the binary source stars behave like a single star, making it difficult to separate the binary source event from a single source event. Finally, although the probability of detecting binary source events increases as the source separation increases, some fraction of binary source events will still be missed because the light curves of these events will mimic those of single source events with longer time-scales and larger values of the impact parameter.     

Microlensing of close binary stars

The gravity due to a multiple-mass system has a remarkable gravitational effect: the extreme magnification of background light sources along extended so-called caustic lines. This property has been the channel for some remarkable astrophysical discoveries over the past decade, including the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets, the routine analysis of limb darkening, and, in one case, limits set on the apparent shape of a star several kiloparsec distant. In this paper, we investigate the properties of the microlensing of close binary star systems. We show that in some cases it is possible to detect flux from the Roche lobes of close binary stars. Such observations could constrain models of close binary stellar systems.     

Astrometric detection of binary companions and planets: Acceleration of proper motion

Apparent acceleration of proper motion is one of the observable manifestations of orbital motion in binary stars. Owing to the increasing accuracy of astrometric measurements, it may also be a method to detect binarity of stars. This paper presents some analytical expressions for the effects of binary motion on proper motions when the orbital period is at least several times the span of observations. We estimate orbit dimensions and distances at which low‐mass companions and planets may be detected around main‐sequence stars, using preliminary estimates of precision for the AMEX, GAIA and SIM space missions.