柴达木盆地周边火山岩产出地质特征和含矿性

柴达木盆地周边火山岩十分发育,形成巨大的环状火山岩带。本文着重于研究火山岩的时空分布、产出古地理环境、以及它们的岩石学和岩石化学,以指出其产出构造环境和演化地质历史。根据火山成矿作用与铜多金属等矿产的密切关系和该区火山岩含矿特征,探讨了其含矿可能性。     

Sequence stratigraphy and Quaternary depositional systems in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin,northwest China

The Qaidam Basin is a Mesozoic–Cenozoic compresso-shearing basin in western China. This basin has been subsiding since the Indosinian orogeny, and the subsidence is a strongly inherited feature in its Quaternary development. Five third-order sequences (SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4 and SQ5) were recognised using drilling/logging, coring and seismic data analysis. Each sequence was further divided into transgressive systems tract and regressive systems tract based on the maximum flooding surface. A sequence stratigraphic framework was established that revealed the distribution of sedimentary systems. Seven depositional systems, namely, alluvial fan, fan delta, braided-delta, shore lacustrine, shallow lacustrine, semi-deep lacustrine and incised valley depositional system, were identified from 105 well logs and 2?D seismic lines covering 1600?km. The sedimentary system distribution was identified as follows: (1) large-scale alluvial deposit located on the southern slope and adjacent to Kunlun Mountain and Yaber tectonic zone located northeast of the study area; (2) braided-delta deposits southeast of the Sanhu area; (3) widely developed fan-delta sediments on the base of Qigequan Formation in the Yaber tectonic zone; (4) well-deposited shoal lacustrine facies along the depositional strike in the regressive systems tract; (5) widely distributed shallow lacustrine facies; and (6) incised valley with large lateral extension and incision depth as an entity at the front of the Golmud Basin in the Sanhu area. Two different depositional models, namely, east and west models, were built by conducting an integrated analysis of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary process. In the Sanhu area, the main controlling factors of the sequence architecture and depositional systems associations of the Qigequan Formation are tectonic subsidence and climate change with sediment supply and lake-level fluctuation secondary factors. This case study provides an example of the analyses of sequence stratigraphy and depositional systems in a salinised plateau basin. The approach combines seismic and sedimentary facies analysis to investigate Quaternary deposition and stratigraphy. The low-amplitude tectonic belt on the northern slope and the lithological traps on the southern slope are predicted to be favourable for the lithological gas reservoirs.     

柴达木盆地周缘镍矿床(点)成矿特征及找矿潜力分析

近年来,在青海柴达木盆地周缘(简称柴周缘)地区陆续发现了一系列与超基性岩体有关的镍矿床(点)。为此,根据已有地质矿产资料,通过综合研究分析,总结了柴周缘地区镍铜硫化物矿床的成矿地质背景、空间分布及成矿特征; 在柴周缘地区划分出柴北缘高压混杂岩带、欧龙布鲁克陆块、柴南缘昆北裂陷槽及柴南缘昆中岩浆弧带等4个镍成矿区带,并重点分析了各成矿区带的镍矿床(点)成矿特征; 在此基础上,总结了柴周缘镍矿床的幔源岩浆深部熔离和上侵贯入的成矿模式及含矿岩石风化露头和物化探异常等找矿标志,圈定出柴北缘高压混杂岩带西段的阿尔金南缘茫崖镇—冷湖镇、欧龙布鲁克陆块东段的乌兰、柴南缘昆北裂陷槽西段的冰沟南和东段的夏日哈木西北,以及柴南缘昆中岩浆弧带中段的夏日哈木—托拉海南和白日其利—哈图6处镍矿找矿潜力区。所取得的地质找矿效果,对推动整个柴周缘地区与超基性岩体有关的镍矿的勘查工作具有重要意义。     

Establish Green Industry System,Improve the Comprehensive Utilization Level of Salt Lake Resources,and Create A New Pattern of Green Sustainable Development in Qaidam Basin

正Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province has rich multiple complex resources with salt lakes as the core.These resources form a special condition for the development of green economy,having rare and particular nature.The     

柴达木盆地咸湖相生油岩正构烷烃分布特征及其成因

柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相生油岩样品分析资料表明，不同沉积相带生油岩正构烷烃系列有三种碳数分布模式。深湖相生油岩在C18－C28范围呈明显的偶碳数优势，而＞C28范围无碳数优势；滨浅湖相样品在整个碳数范围内呈奇碳数优势分布；过渡相带地层正构烷烃在中碳数范围呈偶碳数优势分布，而高碳数（＞C23）部分为奇碳数优势分布。经不同沉积相带样品之间的沉积环境地球化学指标和碳酸盐含量比较发现，本区咸湖相生油岩正构烷烃的分布不取决于沉积环境的氧化还原性和岩石的矿物组成，而主要与沉积相带中的有机质生源组成有关。偶碳数优势分布的正构烷烃成因并非如常规观点解释的那样，由正构脂肪酸、醇类的还原作用或经碳酸盐催化发生β断裂而来，而可能来源于咸化湖泊中的某种嗜盐细菌或其他微生物。     

柴达木盆地土壤积盐与盐胀溶陷灾害对工程建设的影响

西北干旱荒漠区盐胀溶陷灾害对工程建设的影响较大,但由于技术、资金等原因,对该类型灾害的研究还非常欠缺。文章在分析地处青海省干进中心的柴达木盆地土壤积盐类型分布特点及成因的基础上,客观地阐述了柴达木盆地土壤成盐环境及盐胀溶陷灾害形成演化对工程建设的影响,进而提出了相应的防护治理对策。     

晚第四纪柴达木盆地盐湖成盐期与冰期对比方案的再认识

文章以柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图、昆特依和一里坪盐湖共计6个中更新统—全新统含盐地层剖面为研究对象,通过铀系测年和光释光测年测定其成盐年代,利用X射线衍射分析测定其盐类矿物种类.察汗斯拉图D19剖面芒硝和石盐层的铀系年代为(231.5±19.5)～(239.5±40.4)ka BP,对应于深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)7早期;昆...     

柴达木盆地英西地区E32盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义

近年来,柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统E32获得了持续的重大勘探发现。基于岩心观察、系统的微观岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学分析,系统总结了柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统咸化湖盆中盐类矿物特征、成因及成藏作用：(1)英西地区渐新统E32 4种重要的盐类矿物包括石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝以及天青石等,或聚集成为具有一定厚度的盐层,或以矿物颗粒形式赋存于基质碳酸盐岩中。上部的盐间油层组的盐层较厚,以石盐为主,下部的盐下油层组的盐层较薄,以石膏为主;(2)盐类矿物“低锰”的元素地球化学特征、与盐类矿物伴生的基质碳酸盐岩具有的“低温成因”的碳氧同位素地球化学特征、未见热液矿物发育的岩石学特征以及分布面积极广的平面展布特征均显示了盐类矿物为典型的咸化湖盆沉积型,而非热液卤水析出型;(3)“盐”在油气成藏过程中发挥着重要作用,包括盐类矿物对裂缝的充填和防止油气逸散的封堵作用、盐层因具有很高的毛管突破压力和塑性特征而具有良好的封盖作用、地层条件下促进白云岩次生孔隙发育的作用以及占据一定的储集空间的消极作用等。这一研究成果可为盐下湖相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探提供重要的指导作用。     

Development and Utilization of Saline Lake Resources and Protection of Ecological Environment in Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province

正Qaidam basin is an important part of National Key Development Area–Lanzhou-Xining Area,is a key region of resource development in Western Development,is a National Circular Economy Pilot Zone.The focus of     

物探综合方法在集安市大青沟多金属找矿中的应用

集安市大青沟处在环形构造及断裂构造部位,地球物理前提十分明显．物探综合方法勘查结果显示出较好的地质效果。     

柴达木盆地北缘三角顶金矿床成矿特征及其找矿意义

三角顶金矿是在柴达木盆地北缘唯一发现的产出于中酸性岩体中“似玲珑式”金矿,矿床具有重要的区域找矿意义。对该矿床的地质特征、矿石类型、岩矿石原生晕特征、含金石英脉的流体包裹体特征以及区域成矿事件进行了综合分析,探讨了矿床成矿特征及其找矿意义。含金石英脉、含金硅化糜棱岩反映了三角顶矿区多期次、多流体参与的叠加复合成矿作用,其中含金石英脉呈现浅成中低温中低盐度流体的特征,与岩浆作用关系密切;含金硅化糜棱岩型矿石与动力变质作用关系更为密切;三角顶金矿成矿深度由西向东增大,西矿区石英脉型矿体代表了该期成矿的顶部,形成了石英脉型的穹顶式金矿化层。在矿区西侧的石英脉型穹顶式金矿化层和矿区东侧的含金糜棱岩化带中,找矿潜力巨大。     

Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils from the Tertiary system in the southern part of western Qaidam Basin, Northwest China

Crude oil samples taken from the southern part of western Qaidam Basin were analyzed with GC/MS in order to understand the geochemical characteristics of crude oils. The results reveal that most crude oils are characterized by high abundance of gammacerane and C35 homohopane, which are the representative characteristics of saline lacustrine crude oils. Based on the variation of the ratios of gammacerane/C30 hopane （G/H） and C35 homoho-pane/C34 homohopane （C35/C34H）, two crude oil groups, A and B, are identified. Group-A crude oils mainly occurr in the north of the study area, with higher ratios of G/H （〉0.8） and C35/C34H （〉1.2）, whereas group-B crude oils, selected from the south of the study area, show lower ratios of G/H （〈0.8） and C35/C34H （〈1.0）. In addition, group-A crude oils are distinguished into three subgroups in accordance with their different ratios of G/H and C35/C34H and different distribution characteristics of n-alkanes, isoprenoids and steranes. These may be helpful for understanding the distribution characteristics of crude oils in the southern part of western Qaidam Basin and providing clues to the forthcoming exploration of crude oils and gas.     

柴达木盆地原油地球化学特征及其源岩时代判识

在系统分析柴达木盆地北缘和西部各油田60余个原油样品轻烃、饱和烃和芳烃组成的基础上,全面揭示了两地区原油的标志性地球化学特征;并结合源岩分析资料,应用断代生物标志物建立了识别原油源岩时代的标志。研究结果表明,北缘各油田原油Mango轻烃参数K_1值波动在1.1上下,富含甲基环已烷和甲苯;正烷烃呈奇偶优势分布,姥鲛烷优势显著;反映侏罗系淡水湖沼相沉积有机质特征。西部原油K_1值大多在1.2以上,轻烃中富含异构支链化合物;正烷烃系列呈奇碳优势(C_(11)～C(17))和偶碳优势(C_(18)～C_(28))双重分布模式,强植烷优势;C_(28)甾烷相对含量高(>30％);脱羟基维生素E系列化合物丰富,5,7,8-三甲基-/8-甲基-MTTC比值大都低于10;表征古近系—新近系咸水湖相有机质性质。奥利烷和C_(26)降胆甾烷是区分侏罗系和古近系—新近系油源油的有效断代生物标志物。侏罗系原油无奥利烷,24-/(24-+27-)降胆甾烷比值小于0.25;古近系—新近系原油含有奥利烷,24-/(24-+27-)降胆甾烷比值高于0.6。     

青海柴北缘滩间山地区金龙沟金矿成矿模式总结与找矿前景分析

金龙沟金矿是青海柴北缘成矿带发现的首个大型金矿床,在前人研究资料的基础上,通过分析金龙沟金矿地质背景、矿床特征、矿石质量、成矿期次及蚀变等成矿作用特征,认为金龙沟金矿为两期成矿作用形成的复合叠加浅成中温热液型金矿床,分别为晚志留世（425～400 Ma）变质变形成矿期和中泥盆世（374 Ma）岩浆热液成矿期,主成矿期次为中泥盆世岩浆热液成矿期,与该时代花岗闪长斑岩杂岩体的岩浆活动具有密切的成生关系,成矿构造环境分别为加里东晚期陆壳俯冲碰撞、华力西早期后造山陆内隆升环境;控矿构造样式组合为：北西向剪切带+近北东向皱褶+滑脱断裂裂隙。从控矿构造样式的空间展布特征分析认为金龙沟金矿深部和走向上找矿潜力较小,但其一级控矿构造（区域性北西向韧性剪切带）内叠加有次级皱褶和和断裂构造的区域是该区有利的金成矿部位并具有较好找矿前景。     

柴西地区上干柴沟组上段咸水湖相烃源岩生烃条件研究

柴西地区上干柴沟组上段(N12)烃源岩的沉积水体环境为咸水湖相。其烃源岩的有机质总体丰度不高;有机质类型主要有腐殖腐泥型和腐殖型,具体分布受烃源岩所处位置及沉积环境控制;有机质成熟度多为未成熟-低成熟;有机质的烃转化率较高,反映其大部分有机质已经进入生烃门限,少量已经进入生烃高峰期。其烃源岩具有咸化湖泊相未熟-低熟有机质生烃的特点,而其生烃机理很可能是藻类生物类脂物和细菌的早期成烃。柴西地区上干柴沟组上段(N12)烃源岩作为该区未熟-低熟石油主要源岩之一,具有非常大的勘探潜力。     

Geochemical characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in saline lacustrine crude oils and their significance as exemplified by the south area of western Qaidam Basin

Based on quantitative GC-MS analysis of 40 crude oil samples collected from the south area of western Qaidam Basin,one of the largest saline lacustrine basins in China,the geochemical characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in oils were studied systematically in this paper.Among those constitutes,naphthalene(43% 59%),phenanthrene(12% 21%) and taromatic-sterane series(6% 28%) were the main ones of aromatic hydrocarbons.The ratio of aromatic hydrocarbon maturity parameter vs.saturated hydrocarbon maturity parameter C 29 20S/(20S+20R) shows that some aromatic hydrocarbon maturity parameters are not suitable for low-mature oils,including MPI,MNR,DNR,etc.Meanwhile,maturity parameters for dibenzothiophene and taromatic-sterane series are more appropriate for low maturity saline lacustrine crude oils.Based on the ratio of 4,6-DMDBT/1,4-DMDBT,the R c values are within the range of 0.59% 0.72%.However,the abundance of dibenzothiophene(DBT) is low,and the dibenzofuran(DBF) content is even lower,suggesting that the crude oils were formed in a saline lacustrine anaerobic environment.The high abundance of C 26 triaromatic steroid also indicates that the source material is brackish water-saline water with strong reducibility.     

柴达木盆地新生代构造样式的演化特点

本文将柴达木盆地新生代构造样式的演化归纳为６种序列和两个主要阶段,即冲断构造→生背斜→反冲断层→断层背斜序列、生长背斜→反冲断层＋断层疹斜序列、生长背斜→纵弯背斜序列、生长断层→滑脱褶皱序列、水平岩层→纵弯背斜序列。构造样式的演化具有明显的地区性特点,盆地南北两侧具似性,而盆地中央呈东西差异。两个阶段是喜马拉雅早中期的压缩构造样式发育阶段和晚期的强烈压缩构造样式发育阶段。控制柴达木盆地构造样式规律     

柴达木盆地北缘新生代构造变形的物理模拟

文中设计了3种类型的基底收缩挤压砂箱实验模型和一种基底无收缩挤压砂箱实验模型,用于研究柴达木盆地北缘新生代构造的变形机制.实验结果表明,基底收缩挤压模型以反冲断层发育为特色.在双侧对称对冲挤压模型中,正冲和反冲断层的发育程度基本处于均衡状态;在双侧不对称对冲挤压模型中,反冲断层更加发育,尤其在挤压速度较快一侧更加显著;单侧挤压模型中,以反冲断层发育、正冲断层很少为特征.由此表明,基底收缩作用和挤压作用的不对称性促使反冲断层的发育.根据实验结果与实际剖面的对比,笔者认为,基底收缩和不对称挤压是导致该区特殊剖面结构的可能原因,该区新生代构造变形是在基底收缩作用参与下、以祁连山为主的侧向不对称挤压作用的结果.     

青海省柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的找矿——以夏日哈木镍矿为例

夏日哈木铜镍矿是在东昆仑造山带首次被发现的岩浆熔离型矿床,该类型矿床是青海省铜镍矿勘查研究方向之一.笔者通过夏日哈木镍矿成矿特征研究认为:碰撞伸展环境是夏日哈木超大型镍-钴硫化物矿形成的基本条件,成岩成矿年龄集中于早泥盆世,岩体侵位于古元古代金水口白沙河组,参与后期混染成矿作用.对柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的成矿条件分析发现:泥盆纪热事件显示柴达木盆地南、北缘在该期均发生了碰撞伸展作用和成矿作用,镁铁质-超镁铁质岩均侵入古老地层,地层硫参与成矿作用;成矿镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体与物探磁异常,Ni、Co、Cu组合异常相对应.综合分析,柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿的找矿潜力大,提出了今后柴达木南北缘岩浆熔离型镍矿勘查重点是柴达木南缘的昆中岩浆弧带、柴达木北缘高压变质岩带、欧龙布鲁克陆块.     

柴达木盆地西部阿尔金山前中生界浊积岩特征及意义

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