Subdivision of the hida metamorphic complex, central Japan, and its bearing on the geology of the Far East in pre-Sea of Japan time

Petrological and structural characteristics of the regional metamorphic rocks in south-west Japan and in the Korean Peninsula make it possible to speculate on the geological correlation between Japan and the Asian continent prior to the opening of the Sea of Japan, a typical marginal sea. The Hida metamorphic complex, situated on the Sea of Japan side of southwest Japan, is subdivided into two distinct geological units, the Hida gneisses and the Unazuki schists. The Hida gneisses are polymetamorphosed Precambrian rocks, while the Unazuki schists occurring on its eastern and southern sides are low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks originating from Upper Paleozoic deposits. Sedimentary facies and other geological features suggest that the Hida gneisses were the basemen of the Unazuki schists. Consequently, the geotectonic framework of southwest Japan is revised from north to south as follows: Hida gneiss region (Precambrian massif) Unazuki zone (late Permian intermed. metamorphic belt) Circum-Hida tectonic zone (Mid- to Late Paleozoic melange zone) Mino-Tanba terrain (Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic geosynclinal region) and so on.The Unazuki zone is similar to the Okcheon zone in the Korean Peninsula in respect of age, lithology and biofacies of sedimentary rocks as well as the age and type of regional metamorphism. Furthermore, the Hida gneisses and the Gyeonggi polymetamorphosed Precambrian gneisses in the Korean Peninsula are similar in the apparent baric type of metamorphism, radiometric ages and the relationship with the overlying metamorphosed formations. The similarity of the geotectonic frameworks of southwest Japan and the Korean Peninsula suggests that the Unazuki zone and the Okcheon zone once formed a continuous geotectonic unit. Thus we have a new geological coordinate in reconstructing the paleogeography prior to the opening of the Sea of Japan.     

Tracking Paleozoic evolution of the South Korean Peninsula from detrital zircon records: Implications for the tectonic history of East Asia

The southern part of the Korean Peninsula preserves important records of the Paleozoic evolutionary history of East Asia. Here we present SHRIMP U–Pb ages of detrital zircon grains from Paleozoic metasedimentary successions (Okcheon and Joseon Supergroups, Yeoncheon Group, Taean Formation, and Pyeongan Supergroup) that are incorporated into the major Phanerozoic mountain belts (Okcheon and Hongseong-Imjingang Belts) in South Korea, providing new insights for provenances and paleotectonic evolution of the South Korean Peninsula during Paleozoic time. The zircon ages from our samples display two distinct spectra patterns in their presence/absence of Neoproterozoic and/or Paleozoic populations. Our results, together with the available data from the Korean Peninsula, suggest that: (1) the Early to Middle Paleozoic successions in the Okcheon Belt were deposited in continental margin setting(s) formed by Neoproterozoic intracratonic rifting, (2) the Middle Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks in the Imjingang belt can be interpreted as molasse and flysch sediments along an active continental margin, (3) the Late Paleozoic to Early Triassic Taean Formation along the western Gyeonggi Massif represents a syn- to post-collision deltaic complex of a remnant oceanic basin, and (4) the Late Paleozoic to possibly Early Triassic Pyeongan Supergroup in the Okcheon Belt might represent a wedge-top and/or foreland basin. The spatial and temporal discrepancy between the South Korean Peninsula and the Central China Orogenic Belt during Paleozoic might reflect lateral variations in crustal evolution history along the East Asian continental margin during the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean closure.     

朝鲜半岛与华北地质之对比研究:进展与问题

华北与朝鲜半岛山水相连,传统上称为中朝克拉通或中朝地块。但是中朝的地质对比研究并不深入。作者所在的研究组有幸同时与南北朝鲜半岛双方展开了合作研究达十年以上,内容涉及到前寒武纪基底、古生代沉积盆地、造山带演化、以及中生代岩浆活动。本文是对我们最新研究成果的一个简要总结,并提出一些仍未解决的或具争议的相关地质问题,希望以此能推动中朝地质和东北亚地质的研究。研究结果总结如下:(1)朝鲜半岛可划分为三个陆块,从北到南分别为狼林、京畿和岭南陆块,分别被临津江和沃川构造带分割;(2)三个陆块的前寒武纪基底虽有差别,但本文认为它们是相似的,并可与华北克拉通基底对比;(3)狼林地块的平南古生代盆地以及位于京畿陆块和岭南陆块之间的太白山古生代盆地与华北古生代盆地可对比;(4)临津江和沃川构造带的演化还有待深入研究,它们并不具有陆陆碰撞造山带的特征;(5)在京畿陆块西南部发现了含榴辉岩的三叠纪变质杂岩(洪城杂岩),其变质时代和岩石组合都可以和苏鲁造山带对比,不含超高压变质矿物。这表明苏鲁造山带东延到朝鲜半岛,并在半岛的京畿陆块西南缘登陆。但是洪城杂岩出露有限,没有穿越切割半岛的证据,因此可能沿半岛西部断裂局部分布或在半岛西缘尖灭,其空间分布需进一步研究;(6)中生代岩浆岩在朝鲜半岛广泛存在,三叠纪岩浆作用可能与印支期造山作用有关;侏罗纪和白垩纪的岩浆岩分布与华北在时代和空间分布上有所差别,晚白垩世岩浆岩在朝鲜半岛集中出露于庆尚盆地。本文还在最后一部分,提出了朝鲜半岛以及中朝对比研究中有争议的和尚需进一步研究的关键问题。     

A new concept on tectonic correlation between Korea, China and Japan: Histories from the late Proterozoic to Cretaceous

The Dabie–Sulu collision belt in China extends to the Hongseong–Odesan belt in Korea while the Okcheon metamorphic belt in Korea is considered as an extension of the Nanhua rift within the South China block. The Hongseong–Odesan belt divides Korea's Gyeonggi massif into northern and southern portions. The southern Gyeonggi massif and the Yeongnam massif are correlated with China's Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, respectively, while the northern Gyeonggi massif is part of the southern margin of the North China block. The southern and northern Gyeonggi massifs rifted from the Rodinia supercontinent during the Neoproterozoic, to form the borders of the South China and North China blocks, respectively. Subduction commenced along the southern and eastern borders of the North China block in the Ordovician and continued until a Triassic collision between the North China and South China blocks. While subduction was occurring on the margin of the North China block, high-P/T metamorphic belts and accretionary complexes developed along the inner zone of southwest Japan from the Ordovician to the Permian. During the subduction, the Hida belt in Japan grew as a continental margin or continental arc. Collision between the North and South China blocks began in Korea during the Permian (290–260 Ma), and propagated westwards until the Late Triassic (230–210 Ma) creating the sinistral TanLu fault in China and the dextral fault in the Hida and Hida marginal belt in Japan. Phanerozoic subduction and collision along the southern and western borders of the North China block led to formation of the Qinling–Dabie–Sulu–Hongseong–Hida–Yanji belt.     

吉林—延吉—朝鲜咸北地区晚古生代沉积特征及其构造演化意义

中国吉林东部与朝鲜半岛北部地区对比研究,无疑对揭示朝鲜半岛的地质属性、中朝板块北缘东延及演化有着重要的贡献。针对中国吉林东部延边地区和朝鲜咸北地区的晚古生代地层进行化石组合、沉积特征、基底性质以及岩浆序列等方面的对比研究认为:朝鲜二叠纪鸡笼山腕足动物群与中国北方二叠纪哲斯腕足动物群有明显差异,与吉林地区范家屯组,尤其是延边地区庙岭组有较强的可对比性;中国吉林—延吉褶皱带和朝鲜咸北地块均以元古宇为基底,没有太古宙岩石出露;在晚古生代期间,中国吉林东部—延边地区和朝鲜咸北地区沉积环境、岩浆活动相似;朝鲜咸北地块和狼林地块的边界断裂——输城川断裂带应与华北地块和吉黑造山带之间缝合线的东端—古洞河断裂相连接,吉黑造山带东部地块和朝鲜咸北地块在晚古生代时期应处于同一个大地构造单元。     

朝鲜半岛古生代中期-中生代早期构造格局

古生代中期─中生代早期朝鲜半岛发生了两次主要构造事件, 即古生代中期朝鲜半岛中部临津江构造带的活动和古生代晚期-中生代早期朝鲜半岛北部豆满江造山带(咸北地块) 的碰撞拼接事件。临津江带的地层、化石和构造等特征研究表明临津江带形成于志留纪末-泥盆纪初, 结束于中生代三叠纪松林期; 根据咸北地块沉积地层的岩浆岩岩石学、年代学资料, 认为豆满江造山带的碰撞拼接时期可能是二叠纪-三叠纪。黄海地球物理、地震研究, 朝鲜半岛大地构造和沉积盖层研究结果表明苏2鲁高压变质带没有延伸到临津江带, 而是被近南北向纵贯朝鲜西海的断裂右行错移到了济洲岛以南; 咸北地块和输城川断裂带的地质特征研究表明, 咸北地块可能与佳木斯地块相连接, 输城川断裂带可能与牡丹江断裂带相连接。     

Bunter quartzites: remarkable journeys in time and space

Quartzite pebbles and cobbles, commonly known as Bunter quartzites, are widely dispersed throughout southern Britain. They can be traced back to Early Triassic pebble beds outcropping in the Wessex Basin and the English Midlands. Derived fossils within the quartzites confirm that most, if not all, were derived from Ordovician and Devonian terrains, over what is now the general region of the Armorican peninsula of north‐west France. In Early Triassic times that area of ancient rocks formed part of a chain of young Variscan mountains which were subject to a monsoonal climate, and shed vast quantities of eroded quartzite. Ultimately, this debris was transported northwards into what is now southern Britain, by the Budleighensis river system.     

中朝古大陆东部早前寒武纪变质岩系对比及其演化阶段划分

介绍了朝鲜半岛太古宙、古元古宙的表壳岩和花岗质岩石的岩石组合、岩石化学和地球化学特征;根据近几年来华北古大陆前寒武纪地质研究的新发现和同位素年代学的最新成果,对中朝古大陆东部吉－辽－鲁古陆同朝鲜半岛的狼林陆块、京畿陆块和冠帽陆块等进行对比,表明朝鲜北部的狼林、冠帽陆块同胶辽古陆为同一演化体系,而其南部的京畿、小白山陆块的对比,存在不少问题,有待今后深入对比研究。     

Geotectonic framework of Permo–Triassic magmatism within the Korean Peninsula

This study presents sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon ages, and whole-rock chemical and isotopic (Sr-Nd) compositions of representative Triassic plutons from South Korea. The plutons from the Gyeonggi massif (Hongseong, Namyang, Yangpyeong and Odesan), the central Okcheon belt (Baeknok and Yongsan), and the Yeongnam massif (Sangju, Gimcheon, Hamyang and Macheon) yield zircon U–Pb ages of ca. 232–226 Ma, 227–226 Ma, and 240–228 Ma, respectively. Among the Triassic plutonic suite in South Korea, those within the Gyeonggi massif are dominated by granite, syenite, monzonite, monzodiorite and gabbro. Plutons within the Okcheon belt are mainly by granite to quartz monzodiorite. The Yeongnam massif mainly incorporates granite to granodiorite and minor monzodiorite intrusions. The geochemical signatures of the Triassic plutons are characterized by Ta–Nb troughs, depletion of P and Ti, and enrichment of LILE. Most plutons except Macheon monzodioritic pluton show high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.708248–0.714678) and strongly negative ε_Nd(T) (− 20.3 to − 7.7) values, suggesting contribution from middle to upper crust. In contrast, the Macheon monzodioritic pluton in the Yeongnam massif shows relatively low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.706547-0.706629) and negative ε_Nd(T) (− 4.43 to − 3.62) values. The Middle Triassic syenite–monzonite–granite–gabbro series in and around the Gyeonggi massif possess high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic affinity suggesting a post-collisional magmatic event following the Permo–Triassic collision between the North and South China blocks. The Triassic plutons in the Yeongnam massif and the Okcheon belt, together with a Permian Yeongdeok pluton in the Gyeongsang basin, show features typical of high- to medium-K calc-alkaline magmatism with LREE and LILE enrichments. This together with a depletion of Y and HREE suggests their formation in a subduction setting. Our results provide robust evidence to consider the Gyeonggi massif as an extension of the Qinling–Dabie–Sulu belt between the North and South China blocks in central China. The Okcheon belt and Yeongnam massif in South Korea, together with the continental margin of South China, are marked by a common Permian to Triassic magmatic episode, probably related to the paleo-Pacific slab subduction.     

Linking the Sulu UHP belt to the Korean Peninsula: Evidence from eclogite, Precambrian basement, and Paleozoic sedimentary basins

Considerable debate on whether and how the Sulu Orogenic Belt extends eastward to the Korean Peninsula has remained over the past decade. New results reported here include the following: (1) an eclogite and retrograded eclogite-bearing complex (Hongseong Complex) is discovered in South Korea, in which the eclogite occurs as lenses in circa  810–820 Ma granitic gneiss. SHRIMP zircon dating of the eclogite yields  230 Ma for the metamorphic age and  880 Ma for the protolith age; (2) The basement of the Rangnim, Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs have affinities to the basement of the North China Block (NCB). However the Gyeonggi Massif encloses a minor amount of large or small slabs of the Hongseong Complex that are similar to the rocks of the Sulu Belt. (3) Two main Paleozoic basins within the Rangnim and Gyeonggi massifs have a similar Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphy to the NCB. (4) The Imjingang and Ogcheon belts do not exhibit any metamorphic characteristics of collisional orogenic belts. Based on these facts, we propose a crustal-detachment and thrust model and suggest that the collision belt between the Yangtze Block (YB) and NCB (Sino–Korea Craton) is preserved along the western margin of the Korean Peninsula. The lower part of the UHP metamorphosed lithosphere of the YB was subducted under the Korean Peninsula and not uplifted to the surface. The lower crust of the YB (the Hongseong Complex) was detached from the subducted lithosphere and thrust over the Korean Peninsula, and inserted into the basement rocks of the Gyeonggi Massif. The upper crust of the YB possibly was detached from the lower crust and overthrusted along the Honam and Chugaryong shear zones. The Imjingang and Ogcheon belts possibly represent the detached upper crust of YB and their present occurrences are controlled by a Mesozoic strike–slip shear structure. All these detached lower and upper crustal slabs were strongly deformed during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous tectonic event leading to their present geological distribution and characteristics.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987116300342

U-Pb analyses were carried out on detrital zircon grains from major river-mouth sediments draining South Korea to infer provenance characteristics and the crustal growth history of the southern Korean Peninsula, using a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(LA-ICP-MS). The Korean Peninsula is located in the East Asian continental margin and mainly comprises three Precambrian massifs and two metamorphic belts in between them. We obtained 515 concordant to slightly discordant zircon ages ranging from ca. 3566 to ca. 48 Ma. Regardless of river-mouth location, predominance of Mesozoic(249e79 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic(2491e1691 Ma) ages with subordinate Archean ages indicates that the zircon ages reflect present exposures of plutonic/metamorphic rocks in the drainage basins of the South Korean rivers and the crustal growth of the southern Korean Peninsula was focused in these two periods. Comparison of detrital zircon-age data between the North and South Korean river sediments reveals that the Paleoproterozoic zircon age distributions of both regions are nearly identical,while the Neoproterozoice Paleozoic ages exist and the Mesozoic ages are dominant in southern Korean Peninsula. This result suggests that Precambrian terrains in Korea record the similar pre-Mesozoic magmatic history and that the influence of Mesozoic magmatism was mainly focused in South Korea.     

Source Diversity of Ore Sulfur from Mesozoic-Cenozoic Mineral Deposits in the Korean Peninsula Region

Abstract: Sulfides from the Daebo Jurassic granitoids and some ore deposits from Korean Peninsula and Sikhote Alin occurring in different basement settings were analyzed for δ³⁴S values. Highly positive values were obtained from Jurassic Mo skarn deposit at Geumseong of the Ogcheon belt (average +13. 0%), Au‐quartz vein deposits at Unsan, North Korea (+6. 7%), and late Paleozoic Sn‐F deposit at Votnesenka (+8. 2%), Khanka massif, Russia. Together with published data of that region, regional variation of δ³⁴S values is shown across Korean Peninsula. Sulfur isotopic data published are compiled on 88 ore deposits, whose mineralization epochs belong to Cretaceous (58 deposits), Jurassic (25 deposits) and Precambrian (4 deposits) in South Korea. Average sulfur isotopic values vary across South Korea as follows: Cretaceous deposits in the Gyeongsang basin, +4. 8% ranging +1.2 ? +12.7‰ (n=28); Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits in the Sobaegsan massif, +3. 5% ranging 0.0 ? +7.8‰ (n=20); those of the Ogcheon belt, +6. 4% ranging ‐0.5 ? +15.4‰(n=19); those of the Gyeonggi massif, +5. 5% ranging +2.1 ? +9.0‰(n = 21). The δ³⁴S values of South Korea tend to be concentrated around +5. 5 permil, exhibiting little, if any, a systematic variation across the geotectonic belts. This tendency is seen also in North Korea and Northeast China within the Cino‐Korean Block, and may be called as Cino‐Korean type. Sulfur of this type is derived mostly from the crystalline basement. Khanka massif of Russia seems to have features of the Cino‐Korean type. In contrast, paired positive/negative belts corresponding to magnetite‐series/ilmenite‐series granitic belts are overwhelming in the Japanese Islands, especially in Southwest Japan. The similar trend is also seen in southern Sikhote Alin and northern Okhotsk Rim, which may be called as Japanese type. Source of the sulfur in this type is likely in the subducting oceanic slab for positive value and accreted sedimentary complex for the negative value, respectively. The Daebo granitoids have an average rock δ³⁴S value of +5. 3 permil, which should have reflected that of the source rocks in the continental crust. The ore sulfur heavier than this value may have been originated in other granitoids having even higher δ³⁴S values, or the ore fluids interacted directly with sulfate sulfur of the host evaporites or carbonate rocks. Rock isotopic values of granitoids and basement rocks need to be examined in future from the above point of view in mind.     

Extensional deformation along the southern boundary of the Gyeonggi Massif,South Korea: structural characteristics,age constraints,and tectonic implications

The Permo–Triassic collision of the North and South China blocks caused the development of the Dabie–Sulu Orogen in China and Songrim Orogen in the Korean Peninsula. Extension after this collision is known from the Dabie–Sulu Orogen, but post-orogenic extension is not well defined in the Korean Peninsula. Extensional deformation along the southern boundary of the Gyeonggi Massif in Korea is characterized by top–down-to-the-south ductile shearing and subsequent brittle normal faulting, and was predated by regional metamorphism and north-vergent contractional deformation. Extension occurred between ~220 and 185 Ma based on the ages of pre-extensional regional metamorphism and post-extensional pluton emplacement. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of syn-extensional muscovite in quartz–mica mylonite yields an age of 187.8 ± 5.6 (2σ) Ma, in agreement with constraints from structural relationships. Together with the extensional deformation identified along the northern boundary of the Gyeonggi Massif (~226 Ma), the extension along the southern boundary is probably related to the exhumation of the massif during late-orogenic or post-orogenic extension associated with the Songrim Orogeny of the Korean Peninsula and forms an important event in the Phanerozoic crustal evolution of East Asia.     

Microstructures and evolution of folds in SC-mylonites from Dudatoli-Almora crystallines of Garhwal Himalaya

In the Lesser Garhwal Himalaya, the North Almora Thrust separates the overlying medium-grade Dudatoli-Almora crystallines of Precambrian age from the unmetamorphosed to partly metamorphosed rocks of the Garhwal Group of Late Precambrian age. The crystalline nappe sheet consists of flaggy to schistose quartzites, granite gneisses and garnetiferous mica schist members in an ascending order. In different localities. different members of the Dudatoli-Almora crystallines are exposed along the thrust plane. Southwest of Adbadri fine-grained mylonitized schistose quartzites of Dudatoli-AImora crystallines are in contact with the underlying metabasites of the Garhwal Group. The mylonitized schistose quartzites consist of alternating thick (1 to 2m) quartzite and thin (10 to 20cm) micaceous quartzite bands. The micaceous quartzites can be further differentiated into alternating quartz-rich (0-5 to 2.0 cm thick) and mica-rich (0.2 to 1.0 cm thick) layers. In the quartzites the C-surfaces are parallel to the S-surfaces defined by the alternating quartz-rich and mica-rich layers. Further, the S-surfaces exhibit almost similar folds with multiple wavelengths where the axial planes are nearly parallel and enveloping surfaces are oblique to the lithological layering. The evolution of these folds has been envisaged in three phases of deformation on the basis of field evidence, fold geometry and microstructures. During the first phase buckle folds (F ₁) developed in thin micaceous quartzite layers. whereas thick quartzite bands underwent only layer parallel shortening. During the second phase the stress orientation changed and the limbs ofF ₁ folds were folded (F ₂). During the third phase of deformation which coincided with thrusting, the rocks were sheared, mylonitized and developed microstructures exhibiting dynamic recrystallization by the processes of subgrain rotation, and continual and discontinuai grain boundary migration. This phase was also responsible for the development of C-surfaces parallel to the lithological layering. Further, in the folded micaceous quartzite layers shearing resulted in the development of C-surfaces parallel to the axial planes ofF ₂ folds.     

甘、青、蒙祁连山、北山造山带构造地层演化史

祁连山、北山地区是一个多构造单元的拼合体。早古生代,围绕柴北缘古陆、中祁连地块、阿拉善地块为陆核增生形成祁连造山带;以马鬃山中间地块及南蒙早古生代增生陆块为陆核,在晚古生代末形成北山造山带。     

Provenance of quartzarenite clasts in the Tetori Group (Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous), Japan: Paleogeographic implications

There are many strata containing quartzite clasts in the Japanese Islands, but the on-land geology of the Japanese Islands has no candidate for the source rocks of the quartzite clasts. This study deals with the provenance of quartzite clasts of the Tetori Group (Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous) distributed in northern central Japan. Quartzarenite clasts from conglomerate beds of the Tetori Group are texturally subdivided into three types; the most abundant is matrix-bearing quartzarenite (type 3), followed by poorly sorted feldspar-bearing quartzarenite (type 2) and by well-sorted pure quartzarenite (type 1). To identify the provenance of quartzarenite clasts in the Tetori Group characteristics of quartzarenite sequences distributed in North China and Korea were studied and compared with those of the Tetori quartzarenite clasts. Texturally and geochemically, the quartzarenite clasts of the Tetori Group are very similar to pre-Mesozoic quartzarenites distributed in the south central and east central Korean Peninsula. Considering the previous results of depositional environments, paleomagnetism and paleocurrent studies on the Tetori Group, this study suggests that during deposition of the Tetori Group, the northern part of central Japan was probably land-connected with the central region of eastern Korea.     

Secondary quartzites and their relation to gold mineralization at the Svetloe deposit, Ul’ya Trough, Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt

Hydrothermally altered rocks and their relation to gold mineralization at the Svetloe deposit in the Ul’ya Trough, western sector of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, are studied. The rock composition and style of mineralization are typical of acid-sulfate type deposits. The hydrothermally altered rocks of the deposit are medium-temperature secondary quartzites with developed alunite facies. The upper structural level in the massif of secondary quartzites is made up of a sheetlike body 30 km² in area and up to 300 m thick with gentle (5–10°) periclinal bedding relative to the arcuate axis of the volcanic range. Below the sheet, there are a number of local steep mostly carinate zones and small (a few hundreds of square meters) multilayered trough-shaped structures, the foot of which is located 100–150 m under the secondary quartzite sheet. All structures of the lower level are restricted to the volcanic range pericline, marked by elevated thicknesses of monoquartzites, and have a gradual transition to the sheetlike part of the massif. The massif of secondary quartzites shows symmetrical zoning. The central zone of the sheetlike body is composed of alunite quartzites framed by dickite varieties. Down the section, the latter grade into hydromica and hydromica-montmorillonite argillic rocks. Monoquartzites form axial zones in the structures of the lower level. In the blanketlike part of the deposit, monoquartzites occur as rare thin lenses and interlayers spatially related to local structures of the lower level. Gold mineralization at the deposit associates with porous monoquartzites. Gold precipitated after quartzite formation during infilling of pores and cavities with colloform silica with barite, and hypogene jarosite.     

朝鲜半岛中南部三叠纪岩浆岩的分布、系列与成因浅析

朝鲜半岛发育大量三叠纪侵入体,主要分布在半岛中部一个北东向走廊地带,该带状区域根据岩性差异,以洪城-高城一线为界分为两个亚带:北亚带(正长岩带/碱性岩带)主要分布在狼林地块南部及京畿地块北部,为碱性系列,以正长岩类为主;南亚带(二长岩带)主要分布在京畿地块南部-岭南地块,多为亚碱性系列,以(纹长)二长岩类为主,部分岩体有闪长岩-辉长岩端元,南部有少量A型花岗岩。这些岩体多形成于ca.230~220Ma,如本文获得的北亚带江北黑云母正长岩228.7±0.8 Ma锆石U-Pb谐和年龄。它们与本区高级变质作用时代接近,分布范围大致对应但稍大,说明它们是同成因的。岩石化学方面,这些岩体均显示高场强元素亏损,轻稀土和大离子亲石元素富集的典型的大陆岩石圈特征。南北亚带相比,北亚带岩体SiO_2和Na_2O等的含量整体上略低,而K_2O、Sr、Ba、La、Eu、Y、Cr等及稀土元素含量略高,轻重稀土分异程度((La/Yb)N)略高。空间上,两个亚带内K_2O/Na_2O和SiO_2有相反的变化趋势:从南向北,两个亚带内K_2O/Na_2O逐渐升高,SiO_2含量逐渐降低;但K_2O+Na_2O和Sr/Y的变化是相似的:南亚带从南向北,北亚带从北向南,两者逐渐降低。我们认为这些岩浆岩为同碰撞或者碰撞后产物,两个亚带之间的界线接近华北和华南古陆缝合带,岩性和成分的空间差异受控于华南古陆(朝鲜半岛南部)向华北古陆(朝鲜半岛北部)之下俯冲所形成的特定壳幔结构。     

Composition,age, and tectonic position of granitoids of the Shmakovka complex

The geological, geochemical, and geochronological data on the granitiods of the Shmakovka massif, which represents a petrotype of the synonymous complex (southern Russian Primorye), show that the granitoid intrusions of the Shmakovka Complex play a “coupling” role, occurring in different blocks of the Khanka composite terrane. The geochemical and isotopic features of the granitoids indicate that their formation resulted from melting of a “mixed,” substantially metapelite, source similar to the most intensely metamorphosed rocks of the Khanka massif. According to U–Pb measurements, the granitoids are 490 ± 1 Ma old. The analysis of the distribution of Early Paleozoic I-, S-, and A-type granitoids in southern Primorye reveals that Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician endogenic events marked the amalgamation of Precambrian–Early Paleozoic blocks and the eventual formation of the Bureya–Jiamusi superterrane (Bureya–Khanka orogenic belt).     

韩国Hadong-Sanchung地区斜长岩Sr-Nd同位素初步研究——成因和前寒武纪构造意义

斜长岩呈长条带出露于朝鲜半岛南部,侵入到年代约为2.0Ga的Yeongnam前寒武纪基底岩石中,虽然岩石类型简单(斜长岩和辉长岩质斜长岩),但可以同世界已知块状类型斜长岩相对比。这些斜长岩具有几个重要的差别,例如呈层状构造,镁铁相成分是角闪石而不是辉石,并且不具斜方辉石巨晶。应用Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素系统研究这些岩石的年龄和成因,测定出一种页理化辉长岩质斜长岩矿物的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1678±90Ma,推断其为侵位年龄,因为中生代绿岩相变质期间这些岩石的Sm-Nd同位素体系呈封闭状态。这一年龄和过去曾报道的元古宙块状斜长岩的年龄范围(1.1~1.7Ga)相吻合。认为斜长岩成因可以用所谓元古宙斜长岩事件来解释。斜长岩的岩浆活动对朝鲜半岛南部前寒武纪基底岩石的构造历史有重要意义。全岩εNd(t)值范围-1.6~-5.2,而87Sr/86Sr初始值变化于0.704~0.706之间,据此可解释地幔成因的斜长岩岩浆是在其结晶作用期间吸收了地壳物质的结果。然而不能排除是下地壳源的可能性。