OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间的相关关系

利用66个OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间的相关关系,得到log L(OH)=1.71log L(IR)-17.67,即L(OH)α[L(IR)]1。71.这个结果介于Baan所得到的L(OH)α[L(IR)]2和Kandalian所得到的L(OH)α[L(IR)]1.38的结果之间.由于统计时所取的样本数最多,因此结果更能反映实际情况.进一步,可把这66个OH megamaser分为两类;第一类为L(OH)<102L(?)的小光度OH megamaser,小光度OH megamaser包含了14个OH megamaser;第二类为L(OH)≥102L的大光度OH megamaser,大光度OH megamaser包含了52个OHmegamaser.研究结果表明,小光度OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间相关关系为L(OH)α[L(IR)]1.43,与Kandalia所得到的结果相接近.大光度OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间的相关关系为L(OH)α[L(IR)]2,与Baan所得到的结果相一致.     

星空下的遐想

故乡的夜晚是宁静而飘逸的,远离了城市的喧嚣,在明净的星空下焕发她独有的光彩。故乡的夜,似一块不饰雕琢的璞玉,散发出一种自然朴实的气息,渗透出丝丝凉意。到处是一片黑色,夜空是深深的蓝色,很清晰。衬得星星月亮也更加晶莹闪亮。     

盘状星系的大小分布的统计研究

在Sloan数字巡天计划第四批释放的数据中选择了40599个面向的盘状星系,统计研究它们的大小分布.结果表明,面向盘状星系的大小分布在绝对星等区间内,遵从对数正态分布函数.星系的大小与绝对星等紧密相关,即星系越亮,其尺度越大.与文[1]的结果相比, 在相同的绝对星等区间,我们得到的r波段半光度半径要稍高于他们的结果,这主要是因为我们的样本只包括了面向晚型星系,而他们的样本则包括了所有空间取向的晚型星系.     

兰屿的月光

一个小小的心愿——回归月光下的大自然 现代人的都市生活中,早就己经忘记了那银色月光洒满大地的景象。环顾生活周遭,愈来愈多的年轻孩子,坐在计算机荧光屏前,玩着在线游戏,沉溺在虚拟世界的迷幻之中,PK总为他们感到遗憾,希望能替他们做些什么。带领他们走进鲜活有趣的大自然,也就成为PK一个小小却执着的心愿。     

诗意的月球（六）古代的月食诗

月亮在天空周而复始绕地球运行时,除了呈现盈亏外,有时还出现一种特别的天象—月食—月亮走进地球的影子,月光被遮蔽的现象。与月相盈亏相比。月食算是比较罕见了,如果说月相盈亏是“常”态,那么月食则属于“变”态,中国史书有“书变不书常”的规范,所以史书中极少记载月相盈亏,但有月食必记。不过文学作品正相反,     

红巨星的故事

红巨星可能并不常被我们提及,但其实在观测的时候,有很多我们熟悉的肉眼能看到的亮星都是红巨星,比如金牛座的毕宿五、牧夫座的大角星等。今天,就让我们揭开红巨星神秘的面纱,来说说红巨星的故事。     

壮观的猎户座

猎户座是全星空最明亮、最美丽的星座。在刚刚进入冬季的黄昏后不久,人们向天空东南方向望去,很容易找到威武雄壮的猎户座,它是冬夜星空非常明显的标志。猎户座在我国二十八宿中属于参宿。猎户座中间有三颗星列成一排,就是著名的冬夜“三星”。每年农历1月初晚间8点钟左右可见到猎户三星出现在正南方天空,我国民间常言道：“三星高照,新年来到”,     

学习的趣味

最近,香港太空馆邀请香港天文学会再次为两者在1985年和1997年合作出版过的《彗星》一书出第三版。在参与写作的过程中,“彗星的发现”一章算是手到擒来,但“彗星轨道动力学初探”一章,却有点苦不堪言,然而思考的过程,却又快乐无比。最重要的,是令笔者明白学习过程中,不能做“差不多先生”。     

月球的起源

月亮是夜空中最为明显的天体,自人类文明之初,它就在世界各地的文化中占据着特殊的地位。大多数古代文明都相信,月亮是由神放置在天空中的。随着现代天文学的发展,人们以更现实的方式考察月球的起源。今天最广为接受的理论认为,地球在年轻时曾与一颗火星大小的天体相撞,而月球正晕场大冲撞溅出的碎片凝聚形成的。     

百里挑一的航天员

今年6～8月,我国将发射载有3名航天员的神舟9号飞船,实现与天宫1号目标飞行器的手控交会对接,全面验证交会对接技术。所以,包括两名女航天员在内的两批中国航天员按科学合理的方式方法进行了科学而刻苦的训练,全力参与神舟9号飞船任务的选拔．中国太空第一女也因此有望亮相。现在,如何选拔和培训男女航天员,女航天员与男航天员相比有什么优劣等,已成为公众议论的热点和焦点问题。     

Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006

Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises tables giving the directions of the poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, minor planets, and comets. This report introduces improved values for the pole and rotation rate of Pluto, Charon, and Phoebe, the pole of Jupiter, the sizes and shapes of Saturn satellites and Charon, and the poles, rotation rates, and sizes of some minor planets and comets. A high precision realization for the pole and rotation rate of the Moon is provided. The expression for the Sun’s rotation has been changed to be consistent with the planets and to account for light travel time     

星载SAR干涉技术最新研究进展

简要介绍了SAR、InSAR、D-InSAR的发展概况,以及InSAR、D-InSAR的基本原理．重点讨论了InSAR、D-InSAR技术的最新理论及存在的问题,包括多基线SAR干涉技术、极化干涉技术、大气效应的削弱、永久散射体方法、InSAR与LIDAR和GPS等数据源的融合技术,以及InSAR并行算法等。详细论述InSAR、D-InSAR技术在地球科学及气象学等领域所取得的最新进展。最后对InSAR技术的发展前景作了展望。     

Preface: Workshop on matter,astrophysics, gravitation,ions and cosmology—MAGIC23

We outline our experience in organizing the first edition of the Workshop on Matter, Astrophysics, Gravitation, Ions and Cosmology, held in virtual and in-person format, denominated MAGIC23, held from 6 to 10 March, 2023, in Praia do Rosa, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The event aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, professors, students, and research scholars for exchanging experiences and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, practical challenges, and experimental and theoretical solutions adopted in the investigation fields within the scope of the meeting. The workshop offered to the participants a platform for scientific and academic projects, partnerships, and presentation of high-quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results on topics related to matter, astrophysics, gravitation, ions, and cosmology.     

The Schumann resonance: A tool for exploring the atmospheric environment and the subsurface of the planets and their satellites

The propagation of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves and resonance phenomena in the Earth atmosphere has been extensively studied, in relation with ionospheric dynamics, and thunderstorm and lightning activities. A similar investigation can be performed for any other planet and satellite environment, provided this body is wrapped into an ionosphere. There are, however, important differences between Earth and other bodies, regarding the surface conductivity, the atmospheric electron density, the ionospheric cavity geometry, and the sources of electromagnetic energy. In a first approximation, the size of the cavity defines the range of the resonance frequency; the electron density profile, up to the upper atmospheric boundary, controls the wave attenuation; the nature of the electromagnetic sources influences the field distribution in the cavity; and the body surface conductivity, which gives the reflection and transmission coefficients, indicates to what extent the subsurface can be explored. The knowledge of the frequencies and attenuation rates of the principal eigenmodes provides unique information about the electric properties of the cavity. Instruments capable of monitoring the electromagnetic environment in the ELF range are, therefore, valuable payload elements on balloons, descent probes and landers. We develop models for selected inner planets, gaseous giants and their satellites, and review the propagation process of ELF electromagnetic waves in their atmospheric cavities, with a particular emphasis on the application of the Schumann resonance observation to subsurface studies. The instrumentation suitable for monitoring the electromagnetic environment in geophysical cavities is briefly addressed.     

基于应变的变形副反射面位姿形貌快速重构方法

随着双反射面天线口径的增大、工作频段的升高,天线对副反射面的精度要求也越来越高.当天线受到自重以及风荷、温度等外界因素的影响时,为了更好地保证满足天线的高指向精度等电性能要求,基于应变传感器和模态叠加原理,分别利用天线变形后副反射面支撑腿与副反射面自身结构的应变值来快速重构副反射面的位姿、形貌,便于副反射面调整机构对其进行实时修正,以实现更加精准的主副反射面位置匹配,降低因天线结构变形造成的波束指向误差和增益损失.     

The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr^− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant.     

The deep interior of Venus, Mars, and the Earth: A brief review and the need for planetary surface-based measurements

A comparison of the internal structure of Earth-like planets is unavoidable to understand the formation and evolution of the solar system, and the differences between Earth’s, Mars’, and Venus’ atmospheres, surfaces and tectonic behaviors. Recent studies point at the role of core structure and dynamics in the evolution of the atmosphere, mantle and crust. On Earth, the crust thickness and the radius and physical state of the cores are known for almost one century, since the advent of seismological observations, but the lack of long-term surface-based geodetic, electromagnetic and seismological observations on the other planets, results in very large uncertainties on the crust thickness, on the temperature and composition of their mantle, and on the size and physical state of their cores. According to the currently available geodetic data, Mars’ dimensionless mean-moment-of-inertia ratio is equal to 0.3653±0.0008. When combined with geochemical observations and with the inputs of laboratory experiments on planetary materials at high pressure and high temperature, this result constrains a narrow range of density values for Mars’ mantle and favors a light [6200-6765 kg m⁻³] sulfur-rich core, but it still allows for a 1600-1750 km range for the core radius, i.e. an uncertainty at least ten times larger than the precision obtained in 1913 by Gutenberg for the Earth’s core. Mars’ mantle density distribution may be explained by a large range of temperatures and mineralogical compositions, either olivine- or pyroxene-rich. The unknown mean thickness of Mars’ crust makes necessary a number of working assumptions for the interpretation of gravimetric and magnetic data. The situation is worse for Venus, and the most conservative model of its deep interior is a transposition of the Earth’s structure scaled to Venus’ radius and mass. The temperature conditions at the surface of this planet hardly make possible long-term ground-based measurements, but this is indeed feasible at the surface of Mars. Precise measurements of Mars’ crust thickness, core radius and structure, and the proof of the existence or absence of an inner core, would put tight constraints on mantle dynamics and thermal evolution, and on possible scenarios leading to the extinction of Mars’ magnetic field about 4.0 Ga ago. Long-lasting surface-based geodetic, seismological and magnetic observations would provide this information, as well as the distributions as a function of depth of the density, elastic and anelastic parameters, and electrical conductivity. Current studies on the structure of Earth’s deep interior demonstrate that the latter data set, when constrained by laboratory experiments, may be inverted in terms of temperature, chemical, and mineralogical compositions.     

CELIAS - Charge, Element and Isotope Analysis System for SOHO

The CELIAS experiment on SOHO is designed to measure the mass, ionic charge and energy of the low and high speed solar wind, of suprathermal ions, and of low energy flare particles. Through analysis of the elemental and isotopic abundances, the ionic charge state, and the velocity distributions of ions originating in the solar atmosphere, the investigation focuses on the plasma processes on various temporal and spatial scales in the solar chromosphere, transition zone, and corona. CELIAS includes 3 mass- and charge-discriminating sensors based on the time-of-flight technique: CTOF for the elemental, charge and velocity distribution of the solar wind, MTOF for the elemental and isotopic composition of the solar wind, and STOF for the mass, charge and energy distribution of suprathermal ions. The instrument will provide detailed in situ diagnostics of the solar wind and of accelerated particles, which will complement the optical and spectroscopic investigations of the solar atmosphere on SOHO. CELIAS also contains a Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor, SEM, which continously measures the EUV flux in a wide band of 17 – 70 nm, and a narrow band around the 30.4 nm He II line.Principal-InvestigatorPrincipal-Investigator for data phase     

Discovery of probable Tunguska cosmic body material: anomalies of platinum group elements and rare-earth elements in peat near the Explosion Site (1908)

Ten Sphagnum fuscum peat samples collected from different depths of a core including the layer affected by the 1908 Tunguska explosion in the Tunguska area of Central Siberia, Russia, were analyzed by ICP-MS to determine the concentrations of Pd, Rh, Ru, Co, REE, Y, Sr, and Sc. The analytical results indicate that the Pd and Rh concentrations in the event- and lower layers were 14.0–19.9, and 1.23–1.56 ppb, respectively, about 3–9 times and 3 times higher than the background values in the normal layers. In addition, the patterns of CI-chondrite-normalized REE in the event layers were much flatter than in the normal layers, and differed from those in the nearby traps. Hence, it can be inferred from the characteristics of the elemental geochemistry that the explosion was probably associated with extraterrestrial material, and which, most probably, was a small comet core the dust fraction of which was chemically similar to carbonaceous chondrites (CI). In terms of the Pd and REE excess fluxes in the explosion area, it can be estimated that the celestial body that exploded over Tunguska in 1908 weighed more than 10⁶ t, corresponding to a radius of >60 m. If the celestial body was a comet, then its total mass was more than 2×10⁷ t, and it had >160 m radius, and released an energy of >10⁷ t TNT.     

Significant science at Titan and Neptune from aerocaptured missions

In 2001, NASA began assembling the Aerocapture Systems Analysis Team, a team of scientists and engineers from multiple NASA centers. Their charter is to perform high-fidelity analyses of delivering scientifically compelling orbital missions that use aerocapture for orbit insertion at their destinations. After establishing scientific credibility, studies focus on aerocapture systems design and performance, including approach navigation, flight mechanics, aerothermodynamics, and thermal protection. The team's October 2001-September 2002 study examined a mission to explore the organic environment of Titan and its chemical, geological, and dynamical context. Its architecture includes a Titan polar orbiter that would complete and extend Cassini's soon-to-begin global mapping, aiding global extrapolation of findings from a mobile in situ element (rover, blimp, etc.). The in situ element would perform remote sensing and in situ investigations, for analysis and characterization of Titan's surface, shallow subsurface, atmosphere, processes occurring there, and energy sources driving it all. The study concentrated on the orbiter and orbit insertion, largely treating the in situ element as a black box with data relay requirements. October 2002-September 2003 the team studied a mission to perform Cassini/Huygens-level exploration of the Neptune system. Before aerocapture this mission would deploy and support multiple Neptune atmospheric entry probes. After aerocapture the orbiter uses Triton as a “tour engine”, in much the same manner as Cassini uses Titan, to provide many Triton flybys and orbit evolution for detailed investigation of Neptune's interior, atmosphere, magnetosphere, rings, and satellites.This presentation summarizes the missions’ science objectives, instrumentation, and data requirements that served as the foundations for the studies, and describes mission design requirements and constraints that affect the science investigations.