遥测地震台网实时处理系统

本文介绍了采用程序驻留内存技术，利用系统的硬件中断和时钟中断，在微机上研制成功了实时处理系统。该系统具有前后台处理功能，能够在主机ＣＰＵ中同时运行多道程序，使数据采集、事件检测、数据转存、地震定位等均能进行实时处理。该系统可用于区域遥测地震台网和地方遥测地震台网的实时处理。     

一种地震观测系统的测试方法及数据的计算机程序处理

1987年6月-11月,我们对 BSO 地震观测系统进行了全面预测试,全部数据记录在数字磁带上,由计算机程序处理,得到各个项目的测试结果及其图表显示。在此总结一下测试方法及处理方法,对于其他类似系统的测试也会有借鉴作用。一、测试及计算方法我们拟定测试了系统的七项特性,当每一测试项目准备完毕,即可运行数据采集系统测试程序,开始磁带记录。数据磁带在微机上回放,在不同的程序下做各种相应的处理,结果     

分析会商子系统

1简介 分析会商系统是为地震分析预报及震情 会商研制的数据综合处理系统。主要包括:(1)地震活动图象动态显示软件;(2)、地震烈度衰减预测软件;(3)图形(图象) 再现软件;(4)实用化攻关软件系统; (5)地震预报专家系统。 主要特点: ①可直接调用数据检索功能,从数据 库中检索数据,并用上述软件进行处理。 ②应用计算机的窗口技术和图形功 能,模拟普通幻灯机的放映过程研制了电子 幻灯放映软件,使得图形可保存和快速再     

用于土层地震反应计算的绘图软件包

详细地介绍了作者编制的用于对土层地震反应计算的原始数据和计算结果进行了图形 制的软件包。该软件包采用多级菜单提示，将数据组织，图形显示，高精度图形打印输出合为一体，适用于ＩＢＭ各种微机机型和兼容机，以及现有的多种针式，激光，喷墨打印机和部分绘图仪，可广泛应用于工程地震和地震工程的研究。     

一个通用的结构分析有限元微机图形后处理系统

本文扼要介绍了作者在微型机上开发的一个通用的结构有限元分析图形后处理系统。该系统是一个交互系统,采用内存覆盖措施,解决微机内存小的问题。目前,该系统能支持多种图形显示卡和图形外设,已完成与ADINA、SAP5的接口,能处理单元划分图、变形图、振型图、振型动画图、各种动反应曲线、平面问题的等值线图和杆元梁元的轴力、弯矩、剪力图等,并易于进一步开发,增强通用性。本文介绍了该系统的实现方法、构成、功能和特点。     

在中国地震动参数区划图编制中GIS信息系统的应用

编制全国性的地震动参数区划图,涉及到多个学科的大量与空间位置有关的信息,需要对海量空间数据进行有效的存储、处理与统计分析。GIS信息技术适用于存储、管理、分析与表述各种带有空间分布特征的信息。文中介绍了在中国地震动参数区划图编制工作中“GIS信息系统设计专题”的成果。该专题所设计的系统,可充分利用GIS信息技术的各项功能,对编制地震区划图所使用的各种数据从输入、编辑、处理、分析、图形绘制到输出进行系统的、科学的可视化分析与管理。中国地震动参数区划图GIS系统的数据库分为3个子系统1)地震环境及潜在震源区子系统;2)地震动基础资料及衰减关系子系统;3)地震动参数概率计算结果子系统     

三维医学图象处理与分析系统

本文介绍了一个我们自主开发的基于微机的三维医学图象处理与分析系统。系统运行于Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９５／Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ＮＴ环境,主要包括图象预处理,切片重组,三维显示,三维体显示,手术模拟等功能。可广泛用于ＣＴ,ＭＲＩ等医学图象的处理与分析,具有很好的应用前景。     

一种基于蒙特卡罗模拟的发震概率计算方法

针对大震发生概率计算过程中的不确定性, 本文分别对不确定性及其处理方法进行了探讨． 考虑到不确定构成的复杂性, 提出了一种基于蒙特卡罗模拟的大震发生概率计算方法, 并以东昆仑断裂带塔藏段为计算实例, 利用蒙特卡罗法处理发震概率计算过程中的各种不确定性. 结果表明, 古地震数据的不完整性对计算结果的影响很大. 本文采用逻辑树法考虑古地震数据的不完整性, 得到塔藏段未来100年的大震发生概率为0.12．      

K—510mk2数字采样仪与日立微机的数值采样系统

为适应地学领域内对可见记录进行模数转换的需要,本文开发应用了 K-510mK2型数字采样仪与日立(HTACHI)微机组成的数值采样系统。用 BASIA 语言编写的采样程序具有多种功能且通用性强。该数值采样系统可广泛用于对各种模拟图形或记录曲线的数值采样,也可代替手工对各种模拟记录的测量,与手工测量相比,它具有速度快、读数方便、数据精度高优点等,在地震研究工作中,可为计算机数据处理及图形再现等工作提供有力支持。     

极光全天空视频图像分析系统

全天空成像观测是目前极光地面观测和反演磁层结构与动力学行为最有效的手段之一，本文介绍在参照WDC－C2极光数据中心ADPRS（AuroralDataProcessing＆RetrievingSystem）系统功能的基础上，采用视频图像采集技术，首次在微机上开发成功的一个极光全天空视频图像分析系统．该系统在图像处理用户界面的构建上采用了视窗编程技术，在全天空图像到地磁坐标／地理坐标的投影变换中首次引入了强度修正因子，其功能可与ADPRS系统媲美．     

Age, geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of Mahukona Volcano, Hawai`i

The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km³) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high ³He/⁴He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized.     

The Yecheng,Xinjiang, China,earthquake of February 14, 1980

In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m _b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.     

Podhale,Poland, earthquake of November 30, 2004

Earthquake of November 30, 2004, in Podhale region, southern Poland, was of unexpectedly big size in this area of weak seismicity. As Poland is considered a country of low seismicity, the earthquake has caused concern about seismic hazard in Poland, especially since it took place shortly after the even more unexpected Kaliningrad Region, Russia, earthquakes of September 21, 2004, that inflicted minor damage in northern Poland. The paper presents the findings on the Podhale earthquake which reached macroseismic intensity up to 7 and magnitude 4.7 (m _b ; ISC). The event was felt up to a distance of about 100 km and inflicted slight damage to buildings in its narrow epicentral area, thus evidencing its relatively shallow depth. The quake has been located near the village of Skrzypne, about 15 km west-southwest of the district capital Nowy Targ. The source mechanism has been found to be of dip slip normal fault type, although a problem remains of association of this mechanism with known tectonic dislocations in the region. The earthquake has been followed by a long series of aftershocks. Their distribution in time is also studied and the biggest aftershocks have been located.     

Anorthite,andesine, wollastonite,diopside, cordierite and pyrope: thermodynamics of melting,glass transitions,and properties of the amorphous phases

Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K.     

Physical properties,vitrinite reflectance,and microstructure of coal,Taiyuan Formation,Qinshui Basin,China

In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization.     

太阳磁场磁性指数异常变化对南北半球中纬度气候的影响

本文参照太阳黑子相对数特征建立了太阳黑子磁场磁性指数时间序列. 大气温度场谱分析结果显示,南北半球中纬度平流层和对流层大气温度场普遍存在22年变化周期. 分析认为,大气温度场的22年变化周期是太阳活动22年磁性周期所激发.     

Comments on the use of Ti,Zr, Y,Sr, K,P and Nb in classification of basaltic magmas

The distribution of Ti, Zr, Y, Sr, K, P and Nb has been investigated at 55 sample sites within a single basaltic flow, the Cliefden Outcrop, which has adjusted to low-grade metamorphism of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies. The cluster of points in the plot of Ti, Zr and Y as proposed by Pearce and Cann shows that the ratio of these elements has remained relatively constant after metamorphism and would therefore have significance in attempts at classification of magma type. Likewise a plot involving Nb, Y, Zr and P as proposed by Floyd and Winchester shows only restricted scatter and appears useful. However, plots involving Sr or K show a scatter that is clearly related to metamorphic processes. Consequently, plots involving these two elements are likely to be of little use in classification in this case.Low-grade metamorphism is common, variable and not always recognized. The study concerned one style of alteration and revealed problems in the application of some classification schemes. Consequently it is apparent that much more rigorous testing is needed before classification schemes can be generally applied to sequences of basaltic rocks.     

Facets of uncertainty: epistemic uncertainty,non-stationarity,likelihood, hypothesis testing,and communication

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a discussion of some of the issues associated with the multiple sources of uncertainty and non-stationarity in the analysis and modelling of hydrological systems. Different forms of aleatory, epistemic, semantic, and ontological uncertainty are defined. The potential for epistemic uncertainties to induce disinformation in calibration data and arbitrary non-stationarities in model error characteristics, and surprises in predicting the future, are discussed in the context of other forms of non-stationarity. It is suggested that a condition tree is used to be explicit about the assumptions that underlie any assessment of uncertainty. This also provides an audit trail for providing evidence to decision makers.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Weijs