西安市温室气体浓度变化规律研究

利用陕西省气象局长安大气科学实验基地(简称秦岭基地)2013年7月—2015年12月温室气体在线连续监测数据及同期气象观测数据,计算分析了两种温室气体(CO_2和CH_4)平均浓度日、月、季变化特征以及气象因素对温室气体浓度变化的影响。结果表明:(1)CO_2和CH_4平均浓度的日变化分布表现为下午低,早晨高的单峰型形态;月变化为明显的两头高中间低;(2)春、夏、秋三季大气中CO_2平均浓度日变化呈较为明显的单峰型,尤以夏季振幅最大,且全天浓度值为各季最小;而冬季CO_2全天浓度值整体高于其他三季。CH_4冬季日平均浓度最高值出现时间略滞后于其他三个季节,春夏两季变化趋势基本同步;(3)CO_2和CH_4采暖季及非采暖季的变化规律与各季节的变化规律极为相似;(4)CO_2和CH_4平均浓度随地面风速的增加而降低,冬季随地面风速的增加降低幅度最小,白天随风速下降的幅度大于夜间;气温越高,CO_2的降低幅度越大,而CH_4则随着气温的升高出现先增加后降低的趋势。     

淮河流域南部丘陵森林地区土壤-植被-大气相互作用:长期野外试验观测的初步分析（英文）

本文简要介绍了包括三部分观测的安徽淮南长期野外试验观测站,特别是土壤-植被-大气的集中观测,对小塔运行前三个月(2018年6月至8月)的数据,并结合同一时段大塔获得的数据,进行了初步分析.结果表明这些资料有合理的变化特征,日变化和夏季值特征显著,各月份间气象变化有明显差异.土壤水分和温度受降雨影响,在不同的下垫面条件下表现出不同的变化.土壤CO_2日平均浓度在2 cm和10 cm处分别为1726和4481 ppm.2018年夏季土壤CO_2浓度随土壤体积含水量的变化而变化,但与土壤温度呈弱相关.     

不同土壤水分控制对东北地区玉米农田土壤呼吸的影响

基于锦州地区土壤水分控制试验,研究不同土壤水分条件(土壤相对湿度分别为86%、96%和105%)对东北地区玉米农田土壤呼吸的影响,分析不同土壤水分条件下玉米农田土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:2013年锦州地区玉米农田不同土壤水分控制影响土壤呼吸速率的大小,同时间不同土壤水分控制条件下玉米农田的土壤呼吸速率均随土壤相对湿度的增加而降低(土壤相对湿度86%土壤相对湿度96%土壤相对湿度105%)。锦州地区玉米农田土壤呼吸的日动态和季节动态变化趋势均不受土壤水分的影响,均呈单峰型,其中土壤呼吸速率日最大值出现在11—14时,土壤呼吸速率季最大值出现在8月。不同土壤水分控制影响玉米农田土壤呼吸对土壤温度的敏感性,土壤呼吸的日动态变化与10 cm土壤温度的日动态变化存在时间滞后性,8月和9月土壤温度最大值较土壤呼吸最大值滞后5—6 h。不同土壤水分条件下玉米农田土壤呼吸速率与10 cm、15 cm、30 cm和45 cm土壤温度均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系,其中土壤呼吸速率与45 cm土壤温度相关性最高。2013年锦州地区不同土壤相对湿度条件下(86%、96%和105%),玉米农田的土壤呼吸速率与45 cm土壤温度均呈指数函数关系,土壤相对湿度为86%、96%和105%时的土壤温度敏感性指数Q_(10)分别为1.92、2.20、1.72。     

城市公园与高山茶园负氧离子浓度对比分析及气象要素影响

利用旌德县连续1 a的负氧离子监测数据,以兔儿山公园、路西村茶园分别代表城市公园、高山茶园这两种生态环境,对城市公园和高山茶园负氧离子浓度特征以及气象要素对负氧离子浓度的影响进行比较分析。结果表明：(1)高山茶园负氧离子浓度显著高于城市公园;(2)负氧离子浓度夏季最高,冬季最低,春秋季次之,6月负氧离子浓度达全年最高;(3)负氧离子浓度日变化整体呈“一峰一谷”变化趋势,峰值出现在上午,谷值出现在正午前后,夜间至上午负氧离子浓度较高,城市公园负氧离子浓度日较差较高山茶园偏小;(4)负氧离子浓度日变化与气温、风速呈显著负相关;(5)负氧离子浓度雨天最高,晴天次之,阴天和多云相对较低,暴雨天气条件下大气负氧离子浓度显著提高。     

景德镇地区大气CO2浓度变化特征

利用景德镇温室气体监测站CO_2观测数据,分析了景德镇地区2017年12月—2018年11月大气CO_2浓度变化特征,同时对其浓度进行了筛分,以剔除污染数据,使其更具区域代表性。研究表明:景德镇地区大气CO_2浓度昼降夜升,早上最高,傍晚最低;春季最高,秋季最低;春、夏季NNE、NE、ENE风向,秋季NE、ENE风向以及冬季W、WSW、SW、SSW、S风向上CO_2浓度较高。同时,春、夏和秋季大气CO_2浓度大致随风速的增加而不断降低,冬季风速对大气CO_2浓度无明显影响。筛分后数据显示景德镇地区年均大气CO_2浓度为422.1×10~(-6),浓度日均值年振幅73.96×10~(-6),夏半年CO_2浓度低于冬半年。     

珠江三角洲地区大气CO2浓度特征及地面风的作用

利用光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术在线观测了广州番禺大气成分站(GPACS)的大气CO₂浓度特征,分析了地面风对CO₂的作用。结果表明：(1)大气CO₂在珠江三角洲地区存在明显的地域不均匀特征,2014—2016年期间GPACS的年均本底浓度比全球背景地区平均增加了22.5×10^-6(22.5 ppm);(2)大气CO₂浓度在春季最高,冬、秋季次之,夏季最低,年均值为426.64±15.76 ppm;(3) CO₂的日变化为双峰结构,峰值分别在05:00—07:00和21:00—22:00,谷值在13:00—15:00,表明受到了自然过程以及人为排放源的复合影响;(4)风场显著影响CO₂的浓度分布,春、夏季CO₂浓度距平日变化与地面风速为显著负相关,秋、冬季则为显著正相关。在春、夏季,S-WSW和NNE-N风向上CO₂浓度较低,在秋、冬季,SSE-S和N方向均导致CO₂浓...     

粤北暴雨中心的降水气候特征分析

基于广东省1967—2018年气象观测站和2003—2018年自动监测站降水数据,统计分析了粤北暴雨中心的降水气候统计特征。结果表明:(1)粤北暴雨中心范围主要集中在清远南部-广州东北部-惠州北部,最大年平均降水量(2 488. 6 mm)和强降水日数(12. 3 d)均出现在龙门的南昆山,特殊地形分布特征与粤北暴雨中心形成密切相关;(2)从化和增城降水年际变化呈较明显增多趋势,其余变化趋势不明显;中心区域内降水主要集中在汛期(4—9月),而前汛期(4—6月)降水量约占汛期的60%～70%;(3)降水月变化呈单峰型分布,峰值出现在5—6月;(4)降水日变化特征与降水性质密切相关,5—6月季风影响期间降水概率显著增加,夜雨和白天降水均明显;短时强降水出现概率集中在5—6月08:00、15:00和21:00前后。     

乌鲁木齐城市热岛强度的日变化和季节特征

运用2013—2014年28个自动气象站的逐小时气温观测资料,分析了乌鲁木齐地区气温的日变化特征及季节特征。结果表明:(1)城郊日最高气温出现频率最大的时次均为北京时间17时,出现频率在20%以上。日最低气温出现频率最大的时次为08时,频率在30%以上;(2)城郊年平均气温差异即城市热岛强度在夜晚较大,07时左右达到最大,在1.5℃以上,白天较小,16时左右最小,仅有0.3℃左右;(3)城郊日最高气温出现时间与城区基本一致,但日最低气温出现时间有差别,冬季郊区最低气温出现滞后城区1 h,其他季节保持一致;(4)城区逐小时城市热岛强度日变化可分为3个阶段:08—17时为下降时期,17—22时为迅速上升时期,22—08时为稳定的强热岛时期;(5)候平均气温城市热岛强度年内变化,最大值发生在年终的第72候,为1.53℃,最小值发生在秋末第67候,为0.33℃;(6)综合来看,各季代表月平均城市热岛强度春季(4月)夜晚较强,夏季(7月)夜晚和白天都相对较弱,秋季(9月)夜晚最强,但白天最弱,甚至白天部分时刻(15—18时)出现了负值。冬季白天和晚上都比较强,是四季代表月份平均热岛强度最强的季节。日内变化即日变化,大家公认的。     

阿克达拉大气本底站臭氧浓度变化特征分析

利用阿勒泰平原地区阿克达拉大气本底站2010年1月1日—2016年12月31日的臭氧质量浓度数据与PM_(10)等相关气象资料相结合,对臭氧质量浓度的日、周、月、季节、年变化特征以及影响臭氧浓度变化的主要因素进行了分析。结果分析表明:臭氧每小时平均质量浓度日变化规律呈显著单峰型,夜晚的变化较小,白天变化较大,01:00前后达到最小值,16:00左右达到峰值;臭氧每日平均质量浓度变化不具有较为明显的"周末效应"现象,峰值出现在星期六,日平均质量浓度为63.2μg·m~(-3),最低值出现在星期一,日平均质量浓度为60.0μg·m~(-3),日平均质量浓度最高值和最低值仅相差3.2μg·m~(-3);臭氧月平均质量浓度最高出现在2014年5月,为85.1μg·m~(-3),最低月平均质量浓度出现在2015年11月,为32.2μg·m~(-3);春、夏季臭氧质量浓度较高,秋季和冬季明显低于春季和夏季;2010—2016年臭氧浓度趋势线整体呈下降趋势,其中2012—2014年臭氧浓度连续月变化有明显的单峰型年度变化规律;臭氧浓度与PM_(10)质量浓度变化具有明显的逆向变化趋势,同时存在时间变化上的延迟性,并且臭氧的浓度变化早于PM_(10)质量浓度的变化。     

山东半岛地区夏半年降水日变化特征

利用1985—2016年5—10月山东半岛地区24个气象观测站逐小时降水资料和2010—2016年5—10月ECMWF逐6 h再分析资料,详细分析了山东半岛夏半年降水的日变化特征。结果表明:(1)山东半岛地区夏半年降水量、降水频率和降水强度的日变化均呈双峰型特征,峰值出现在02:00—05:00和15:00前后,其中降水量和降水频率清晨峰值明显高于下午;(2)长持续性降水对总降水量的贡献大于短持续性降水,前者的日峰值出现在清晨03:00—06:00,后者的主峰出现在15:00—18:00,分别主导总降水量清晨和下午的峰值;(3)小雨对降水总频率的贡献最大,几乎占总频率的一半,而大雨和暴雨对总降水量的贡献更大,故而总降水量主要来自于大雨和暴雨。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.