免拆超高性能混凝土模板钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能研究

为研究预制超高性能混凝土(UHPC)模板钢筋混凝土(RC)柱的抗震性能,并验证预制UHPC模板在往复荷载作用下是否发生剥离,考虑轴压比、剪跨比、箍筋间距和保护层厚度,设计制作6根免拆模板柱(PTC)和1根RC对比柱试件,对其进行拟静力试验,研究其破坏形态、滞回性能、变形和耗能能力以及强度和刚度退化规律等。结果表明,与加载方向垂直的预制UHPC模板大约在PTC试件峰值荷载的70%时发生剥离,与加载方向平行的预制UHPC模板在试件最终破坏时剥离;在剪跨比、轴压比和箍筋数量均分别相同的条件下,由UHPC模板加10 mm混凝土作为保护层的试件,其抗震性能相对较好,但其承载力和前期刚度略有减小。     

钢筋混凝土核心筒体抗震性能分析

本文在非线性有限元计算模型和分析程序的基础上，对影响钢筋混凝土核心筒体抗震性能的三个重要参数，即高宽比、轴压比、连梁刚度比，进行了一系列模型的非线性计算分析，得出了各参数对核心筒的承载力、破坏形式、延性、耗能能力等抗震性能的影响，为参数影响的定量研究和工程设计提供了有价值的参考。     

混凝土核心筒的有限元模拟及若干参数的影响分析

运用ABAQUS分析软件,建立水平荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土核心筒有限元模型,进行非线性分析,并将分析结果与大比例试件的试验结果对比,对所采用的有限元模型加以验证。在此基础上,进行改变钢筋混凝土核心筒轴压比、高宽比和筒壁厚度的受力过程模拟分析,研究这些参数对筒体性能的影响。结果表明：随着轴压比的增大,筒体的破坏由受拉向受压破坏转变,筒体最大水平承载力经历先增加后减小的变化,延性变差;随着高宽比的增大,筒体破坏形态由剪切向弯曲破坏转变,延性增加,整体弯曲作用更加明显,最大底部剪力减小;随着壁厚的增大,试件破坏由截面压屈失稳向墙肢底部受弯破坏转变,墙肢破坏区域沿高度方向发展,耗能能力更强,承载力明显增大,变形能力显著增加。     

不同连梁跨高比带暗支撑双肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为探讨不同连梁跨高比带暗支撑双肢剪力墙的抗震性能,进行了2组连梁跨高比分别为1．0和1．5的4个4层双肢剪力墙1／4缩尺模型的抗震性能试验研究。较系统地分析了结构的刚度及其退化过程以及承载力、延性、耗能、破坏机制和破坏特征等。结果表明,连梁跨高比相对小的带暗支撑双肢剪力墙抗震性能较好。承载力计算结果与实测值符合较好。     

不同加载角度与轴压比下RC短柱抗震性能试验研究

进行了加载角度为0°、22.5°及45°的钢筋混凝土方形短柱试件在轴压比分别为0.2及0.6下的低周往复加载试验,从破坏形态、承载力、延性及耗能能力等方面对钢筋混凝土方形短柱的抗震性能进行了研究。结果表明:增大轴压比能有效提高RC方形短柱的承载能力、耗能能力和减缓试件的后期强度退化,但同时会加速其刚度退化;加载角度对试件的承载力及刚度退化基本上没有影响,但延性、耗能能力及强度退化率会随加载角度的增加而增大。     

混凝土核心筒的水平双向循环加载试验研究

为了研究地震多维性对于混凝土核心筒抗震性能的影响,对大尺寸混凝土核心筒试件进行了水平双向加载下的拟静力试验.重点研究在双向加载下,核心筒的破坏形态与机理、承载能力、变形性能、刚度退化等方面的问题.结果表明,由于水平双向加载下简体一个方向的损伤影响到另一个方向的性能,因而对混凝土核心筒的抗震能力造成不利影响.因此,在实际工程中应合理地考虑这种影响,这对于确保混凝土核心筒的抗震安全具有重要意义.     

不同剪跨比下型钢再生混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究型钢再生混凝土柱的破坏形态和抗震性能,进行了4个不同剪跨比的型钢再生混凝土柱低周反复荷载试验,观察了其受力过程及破坏形态,分析了剪跨比对柱的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载力、延性、耗能及刚度退化等力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:根据剪跨比的不同,型钢再生混凝土柱的破坏形态主要为剪切斜压破坏、弯剪破坏以及弯曲破坏.随着剪跨比的增大,试件水平承载力降低,但滞回曲线愈加饱满,承载力下降越缓慢,刚度退化速率越慢,延性及耗能越好.总体上看,剪跨比较大试件的抗震性能较好,可以用于实际工程.     

T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱抗震性能数值分析

为研究非对称配钢钢骨混凝土柱的抗震性能,基于12根T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱的拟静力试验研究进行非线性数值模拟,了解其破坏机制、承载力、延性及耗能能力,探讨轴压比、配钢率、剪跨比对抗震性能的影响。结果表明,低周反复荷载作用下T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱滞回曲线饱满,具有良好的延性和耗能能力。在峰值荷载前,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。轴压力在一定范围内提高了试件承载力,但降低了延性;增大配钢率能提高试件的承载力、刚度和延性,使得峰值荷载后试件的性能退化趋于平缓;剪跨比对试件破坏形态有显著影响,随剪跨比的增大试件延性性能提高。     

小跨高比带楼板半通缝连梁抗震性能有限元分析

为了缓解联肢剪力墙中小跨高比连梁发生低延性的剪切破坏,增强连梁的变形和耗能能力,可在单连梁中轴线位置设置半通缝并配置交叉斜筋,形成半通缝连梁。本文完成了的对7种连梁的模拟,分析了在小跨高比、低周反复荷载作用条件下不同类型带楼板连梁的承载力、变形能力、刚度退化和耗能能力以及不同跨高比、不同开缝位置对带楼板半通缝连梁抗震性能的影响。结果表明:楼板会使半通缝连梁的剪压比增大,延性下降;但相比于普通连梁和双连梁,半通缝连梁具有较好的变形能力和承载力,可在实际中推广。     

蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱抗震性能的试验研究

为了考察轴压比对蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱抗震性能的影响,本文进行了3根不同轴压比的蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱的低周往复水平荷载试验,研究了该L形柱的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性、黏滞阻尼系数等抗震性能.研究表明:蜂窝状钢骨能增强钢骨与混凝土间的黏结能力,提高其协同工作与整体受力性能.蜂窝状钢骨的存在,延缓了L形柱的刚度退化,提高了延性,增强了结构的耗能能力及抗震性能.轴压比对该新型构件的破坏形态及抗震性能影响明显.随着轴压比的增大,构件的破坏形态由类似于剪切破坏向轴压破坏形态转变.轴压比越大,构件的极限承载力越大,但延性与黏滞阻尼系数越小,耗能能力越低,抗震性能越差.研究还发现,该新型构件的正、反方向承载力及延性有所差别.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.