太阳H_α高分辨图象系统的建立和研究

为了研究太阳耀斑的物理过程和高能现象,在云台太阳精细结构望远镜建立一套太阳H_α图象接收和处理终端。它可获取太阳耀斑过程的高分辨观测资料和数字化处理结果。对太阳H_α活动区的监测和研究有重要意义。     

1993年10月2日耀斑的Hα,微波和硬X射线暴的综合分析

本文介绍1993年10月2日发生的一个1N／C6.5级耀斑多波段观测的结果．综合比较了耀斑的单色象，Hα波段工维光谱，2840兆赫微波爆发和硬X射线爆发资料．得到Hα单色象上不同亮核的强度变化，与微波及硬X射线暴的时间轮廓比较，给出了色球耀斑区亮度场的演化，对照磁图确定了耀斑区的磁场位形，从而对该耀斑产生和加热提出了一种可能的解释．     

紫台多波段耀斑光谱观测

我们用紫台多波段太阳光谱仪进行耀斑光谱观测。这架仪器能在Hα、D、M_g、H_β、H_γ、H、H_δ——K、H_θ——H_(12)和H_(13)——H∞等九个波段基本上同时拍摄耀斑光谱。太阳像直径为11.2厘米,二级光谱的实测分辨率约10万,线色散度约为1毫米/埃。在这次峰年期间,从1980年2月至1981年5月,我们一共拍到16套耀斑光谱底片。我们已开始用这些资料来研究,(1)耀斑的能量传输机制,(2)耀斑的热动平衡偏离,(3)地面与空间观测资料的配合,(4)形态研究,并已开始归算处理这些资料。     

云南天文台的太阳光学观测设备(英文)

云南天文台是参加日地系统整体行为研究计划的单位之一,有四套太阳光学观测设备参加日地大事件的联合观测。它们是:13cm折射望远镜、18cm耀斑巡视望远镜、26cm高分辨太阳光球色球望远镜和多波段太阳光谱仪。13cm折射望远望和18cm耀斑巡视镜分别进行黑子描绘、照相和耀斑巡视的常规观测。它们所得的资料供云南天文台《太阳活动月报》、《中国太阳物理资料》发表。耀斑资料还供SGD发表。黑子和耀斑的常规观测为太阳活动预报提供及时的信息和基础。 26cm高分辨真空太阳光球色球望远镜用于太阳活动区现象特别是耀斑现象的精细结构研究。在耀斑观测中常使用H_a的±0.5A,±1.0A对人观测,所得的耀斑偏带照片清楚显示耀斑的亮点和亮块相对于黑子的位置,在耀斑研究中十分有用。 多波段太阳光谱仪的供光定天镜口径40cm,成像镜30cm,太阳象有152.2mm和418.5mm两个交替使用,色散1A/mm,10个波段分别为H_a、D_(1,2,3),H_δ、HeⅡ、H_β、H_γ、H,K、H_(9-13)和H_(13-∞)。利用计算机控制45°转象镜精确地快速扫描太阳象并控制10个波段的同时照相,这样可以快速地记录活动区中每一点的多波段光谱轮廓,进而测定各种物理量、为研究活动区物理场的时空演化提供重要手段。     

1988年6月24日AR5047活动区中2B/X1.3耀斑的高时间分辨H_α和偏带观测结果(英文)

AR5047活动区是第3次联测期(1988年6月24日-7月7日)的第1个目标。该活动区在22日前只发生过一些级别很低的小耀斑,但是在23日和24日接连爆发4个X级的X射线耀斑,其中23日0923UT的1B/X1.6耀斑和24日0422UT的2B/X1.3耀斑均被云南天文台26CM太阳望远镜观测到。特别是24日的2B/X1.3耀斑除用Hα线心之外。还用±0.5A;±0.75A;±1.0A的偏带作高时间分辨(～5秒拍摄1画幅)的观测。 本文刊载该耀斑的Hα和偏带时间发展系列照片和耀斑开始时的白光黑子群精细结构照片。 从系列的耀斑像上清楚看出该耀斑有好几个初始亮点在不同时间发亮并到达其亮度和面积极大。比对Hα和偏带单色像以及白光黑子群的精细结构指出,耀斑主要亮块发生在黑子群的破裂处,并遮盖主要黑子的大部分。     

太阳黑子运动引起的耀斑与活动区的耦合

利用紫台赣榆站太阳精细结构望远镜拍摄的色球和光球照片，研究了1990年11月6日至13日NOAA6361活动区的磁位形演化和耀斑产生区域，发现该活动区的活动主要集中在11日和12日两天还观测到新老活动区的碰撞耦合及耦合界面处小纤维（fibril）的快速变化，这些现象是由于前导黑子之一的p1黑子的连续几天的运动造成的．所有的活动也主要集中在P1黑子的周围．     

太阳耀斑的光球磁场和色球速度场观测

太阳磁场望远镜安装了CCD图象接收处理系统后,得到许多精细结构的两维、实时磁场、速度场图。本文对其中观测的两群黑子,做耀斑磁场、速度场分析。在此基础上指出,异极性磁区相互渗透是普遍存在的,耀斑亮核均发生在异极性磁区相互挤压的前锋。这就为挤压无力场耀斑模式提供了有力的证据。同时发现,在耀斑发生的区域,流场的方向是向下的。     

四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率观测特征：微耀斑能量释放的证据

作为微耀斑能量释放的证据，本文扼要介绍了云南天文台“四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统”（１．４２，２．１３，２．８４和４．２６ＧＨｚ）１９８９年１２月－１９９３年４月的观测事例，包含低强度的毫秒尖峰辐射（ｍｓｓｐｉｋｅ），类尖峰辐射（ｓｐｉｋｅ－ｌｉｋｅ），快速脉动现象，两种新的快速精细结构──微波Ⅲ型爆和微波类斑点结构．统计了快速精细结构的寿命，在统计基础上分别以实例描述了各类现象的观测特征．     

太阳6659号活动区的白光耀斑

1991年6月6日我们在太阳6659号活动区观测到了一个白光耀斑.这个白光耀斑伴有强烈的H_α、X射线和射电微波发射.我们对这次自光事件作了初步的分析研究,并对它的总能量作了粗略估计.     

南京大学光谱观测概要(英文)

南京大学太阳塔于1979年在南京郊区建成,1988年参加了全国联测,它的主要性能如下: 定天镜口径:46cm 成象镜口径:33cm 太阳象直径:20cm 多波段光谱仪可观测谱线:H_α,H_β,H_γ,H_(9-12),CaⅡ H, K 光谱观测时间分辨率:～10~s 光谱仪色散度:1.2-1.5mm/A 表1列出了1988年联测期间成功观测到的耀斑光谱(表1见下页)。     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Estimation of the Time Scale of Merging of the Components of Contact Binaries of the W UMa Type

Time scales of the transition from contact binary systems of the W UMa type to single stars of the blue straggler type are estimated. A model of one-way mass transfer from the primary component to the companion inside a common envelope (Eggen et al.) and a model of a contact binary lying on the zero-age main sequence with a companion that is losing mass (F. van't Veer) are used to calculate these scales. The merging times of components were calculated for 304 contact systems of the W UMa type from the Catalog of Approximate Photometric and Absolute Elements of Eclipsing Variable Stars on a scale of loss of mass and orbital angular momentum due to magnetic braking, under the assumption of synchronization of the axial rotation and orbital revolution. On the basis of the resulting statistics, the characteristic merging scales are 0.4-0.6 and 0.5-0.7 Gyr, respectively, for the above two models. The results of a comparison with the work of other authors are discussed.     

淮河洪水的可公度性分析

分析了上两个世纪发生在淮河的洪水事件的可公度性，根据其可公度值及其黄金分割点指出1991年与2003年淮河洪水的不可避免，最后讨论了可公度性的局限及淮河洪水可公度值的可能机制。     

Flattening of galaxies of different morphological types in subclusters of Coma

This paper deals with the observed variation in the flattening of galaxies with the density of galaxies in the subclusters of Coma surrounding NGC 4889, NGC 4874, and NGC 4839 based on data from the Abastumani Combined Catalog of Galaxies. The mean values of the observed ratios of the diameters of the galaxies, as well as histograms of their distributions, indicate that in the central, dense regions of the subclusters within a volume of 0.5h ₇₅ ⁻¹ Mpc³, E and S0 type galaxies are close to spheroidal. A significant reduction in the mean values of the diameters of the galaxies in the subclusters is noted, regardless of their morphology relative to the galaxies in the halo of the Coma cluster. In the subclusters, spiral galaxies are found with a hydrogen deficit that is more than 5 times the hydrogen deficit in spirals within the halo of the cluster. According to their 3-D coordinates, most of the galaxies with a hydrogen deficit are located closer to the south-east edge of the subcluster surrounding NGC 4874 near an extended gas filament in the x-ray region. This may indicate that the subcluster is moving toward a central condensation of faint galaxies in the Coma cluster and a possible merger with it. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 355–368 (August 2007).     

基于STK的寿命末期GEO卫星轨道演化分析

地球同步轨道上的GEO卫星接近寿命末期时,星上的有效载荷和电子元器件等仍能正常应用,此时如果只做东西方向的位置保持,可以大幅度延长卫星的在轨工作寿命。简要介绍了引起GEO卫星轨道变化的主要摄动力,利用STK软件分析寿命末期GEO卫星的运动规律,并给出这类GEO卫星轨道演化的仿真分析流程,用以指导寿命末期GEO卫星的开发应用工作。     

The discovery of Segue 2: a prototype of the population of satellites of satellites

We announce the discovery of a new Milky Way satellite Segue 2 found in the data of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE). We followed this up with deeper imaging and spectroscopy on the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT). From this, we derive a luminosity of   M _v =−2.5  , a half-light radius of 34 pc and a systemic velocity of  ∼−40 km s⁻¹  . Our data also provide evidence for a stream around Segue 2 at a similar heliocentric velocity, and the SEGUE data show that it is also present in neighbouring fields. We resolve the velocity dispersion of Segue 2 as 3.4 km s⁻¹ and the possible stream as  ∼7 km s⁻¹  . This object shows points of comparison with other recent discoveries, Segue 1, Boo II and Coma. We speculate that all four objects may be representatives of a population of satellites of satellites – survivors of accretion events that destroyed their larger but less dense parents. They are likely to have formed at redshifts   z > 10  and are good candidates for fossils of the reionization epoch.     

Investigation of Times of Minima of Selected Early-Type Eclipsing Binaries

New precise times of minimum light for several early-type eclipsing binaries were obtained at three observatories. The changes of period of the following measured binaries are discussed: V1182 Aql, LY Aur, SZ Cam, FZ CMa, QZ Car, LZ Cen, V606 Cen, AH Cep and TU~Mus.     

Application of KS-transformation in the problem of investigation of the motion of unusual minor planets and comets

A review is presented of the author's results on application of regularizing and stabilizing KS- transformation in the problem of investigation of the motion of unusual minor planets and comets. Two models of the motion of a minor body are considered, viz. the perturbed two body problem and the perturbed restricted three body problem. The variational equations in KS-variables and transformations for obtaining the matrix of partial derivatives of the instantaneous physical parameters of motion with respect to their initial values are presented. The peculiarities of the implementation of the algorithms developed as programs on a computer are described. The original results of the investigation of the efficiency of the developed algorithms and programs are discussed using as an example the motion of unusual minor planets Icarus and Geographos as well as comets Halley, Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova and Gehrels 3.