中澳Woodroffe逆冲糜棱岩带内斜长石和钾长石在变形和重结晶过程中的变形分异作用

在中澳Woodroffe逆冲糜棱岩带内,斜长石及钾长石的重结晶作用涉及到亚颗粒的旋转和相关的颗粒边界或扭折带边界的膨胀,而与主颗粒至新颗粒之间的化学成分变化无关。亚颗粒和新颗粒的粒度沿糜棱岩带横向变化,明显是岩石应变速率和岩石含水量的函数。糜棱岩化过程中,渐进剪切作用和渐进缩短作用带内的变形分异控制了长石恢复和重结晶的位置。在发育完好的糜棱岩中,长石残斑的粒度受糜棱岩化早期阶段,也就是在大量能调节渐进剪切变形组分的细粒基质形成之前,就受到变形分异程度的控制。由于格子状双晶的长石新颗粒通常靠近格子状双晶的长石主颗粒,重结晶作用就发生在微斜长石中,明显地没有涉及到向单斜结构的转变。由XRD轨道计算出来的钾长石三针度从糜棱岩带边缘向内部增加,与变形强度相对应。斜长石主颗粒局部具有正长石或不具双晶的微斜长石核,核周围环绕具双晶的微斜长石慢,说明了格子状双晶的存在与钾长石三斜度之间的关系。     

糜棱岩的重结晶作用及其显微组构

重结晶作用在糜棱岩中广泛存在,是与应变硬化相反的一种软化作用。依据形成机制和过程可以划分为动态重结晶和静态重结晶作用。动态重结晶发生在韧必菜过程中,消除晶粒内应力,并改变其大小和形态。其作用方式有颗粒边界迁移重结晶和亚晶粒旋转重结晶两种。静态重结晶发生在韧必菜晚期或期后温度升高环境中,消除晶内变形组构减少颗粒边界区域,形成稳定多边形大粒晶体。     

用动态重结晶石英颗粒的分形确定变形温度及应变速率

韧性变形岩石中动态重结晶石英颗粒边界形态具有自相似性，表现出分形特征。动态重结晶石英颗粒边界的分形维数随温度的升高而减小，随应变速率的增加而增大，可作为韧性变形温度及应变速率的标度计。适合重结晶石英边界分维值的计算方法有封闭折线法和面积周长法。鲁西青邑韧性剪切带中糜棱岩动态重结晶石英颗粒边界具有自相似性，分维值为1.228～1.326，初步估算出古应变速率为10     

糜棱岩化过程中矿物变形温度计

对有效确定中—低温下糜棱岩变形温度一直以来都没有比较理想的方法，而在研究韧性剪切带过程中对其变形温度的确定又常是必不可少的。根据近年来国际上对天然石英、长石、方解石等矿物变形的研究成果，总结了利用矿物变形指示变形温度的方法。在不同的温度条件下，长石与石英的变形方式具有阶段性，其变形与动态重结晶型式与温度具有明显的对应关系。石英变形中的滑移系及其C 轴组构图主要受变形温度的控制。低温变形中的方解石e 双晶纹形态也与温度呈密切的相关性。观测这些矿物变形的显微构造，可以很好地估计韧性剪切带糜棱岩化过程中的变形温度。     

高州大井岩组变质重结晶作用和变形作用的关系

高州大井岩组泥质岩中变斑晶种类繁多,变质重结晶作用分成四个阶段：Ｍ１发生于变形前埋藏过程中,Ｍ２、Ｍ３属进变质阶段,Ｍ４为退变阶段。变斑晶的生长主要集中在Ｄ１幕后Ｄ２幕前的一个相对“静态”的时期内,变形与变质重结晶作用存在一定的时间间隙。     

阴山中生代地壳逆冲推覆与伸展变形作用

研究区属燕山－阴山中生代板内造山带西段的重要组成部分。依据变形特征和物质组成,可以分为北部构造活动带、中部隆起带和南部构造活动3个不同的构造区。以中部隆起带为中心,在南北两侧的构造活动带中的构造样式和变形机制呈反向对称出现。逆冲构造和伸展构造在时间和空间上的密切共生。在印支期－燕山早期地壳以逆冲挤压变形机制为主,形成了色尔腾山逆冲推覆体系和大青山逆冲推覆体系,而燕山晚期阶段在逆冲岩席上产生了背向伸展变形作用,形成了同构造的早白垩世呼和浩特－包头盆地和固阳盆地。     

P-A分形模型定量度量糜棱岩变形过程中石英微结构的变化

定量度量动力变质作用下组成糜棱岩矿物颗粒的不规则变化是一项挑战性的研究.以基于GIS的PA(周长-面积)模型定量地描述糜棱岩中具自相似性石英形态的不规则变化.研究实例是苏格兰西北地区Moine逆冲断裂带前缘变质程度不同的5种类型的糜棱岩.石英是糜棱岩的主要矿物成分,其镜下的显微图片经扫描转换成数字图像,再通过GIS技术转换成矢量图,并计算出每颗石英的周长和面积.研究结果表明,随变质程度的增加,其PA分形维数分别从1.20、1.28、1.38、1.46,逐步增加到1.60.这表明,随变质程度的增加,变形程度与动态重结晶作用加强,石英颗粒从规则到不规则.     

阴山中生代地壳逆冲推覆与伸展变形作用

研究区属燕山—阴山中生代板内造山带西段的重要组成部分。依据变形特征和物质组成,可以分为北部构造活动带、中部隆起带和南部构造活动带3个不同的构造区。以中部隆起带为中心,在南北两侧的构造活动带中的构造样式和变形机制呈反向对称出现。逆冲构造和伸展构造在时间和空间上密切共生。在印支期—燕山早期地壳以逆冲挤压变形机制为主,形成了色尔腾山逆冲推覆体系和大青山逆冲推覆体系,而燕山晚期阶段在逆冲岩席上产生了背向伸展变形作用,形成了同构造的早白垩世呼和浩特—包头盆地和固阳盆地。     

阴山中生代地壳逆冲推覆与伸展变形作用

研究区属燕山-阴山中生代板内造山带西段的重要组成部分.依据变形特征和物质组成,可以分为北部构造活动带、中部隆起带和南部构造活动带3个不同的构造区.以中部隆起带为中心,在南北两侧的构造活动带中的构造样式和变形机制呈反向对称出现.逆冲构造和伸展构造在时间和空间上密切共生.在印支期-燕山早期地壳以逆冲挤压变形机制为主,形成了色尔腾山逆冲推覆体系和大青山逆冲推覆体系,而燕山晚期阶段在逆冲岩席上产生了背向伸展变形作用,形成了同构造的早白垩世呼和浩特-包头盆地和固阳盆地.     

蛇绿岩中伸展变形与古洋盆扩张构造研究综述

综合介绍了世界上几个典型蛇绿岩带中伸展变形构造的实例,如何形成辉长质或其它不同层次的糜棱岩,可造成辉绿岩墙群的倾斜旋转,可使得原始洋壳厚度变薄等,蛇绿岩中伸展构造记录了已经消失的洋盆的生成,拆离和消减过程中的关信息,研究蛇绿岩中伸展变形构造,有助于恢复古洋盆的规模的演化过程,也是蛇绿岩研究的新方向这一。     

Fractal Modelling of the Microstructure Property of Quartz Mylonite During Deformation Process

Mylonite is the result of the dynamic metamorphism and minerals in mylonite are deformed gradually with an increase in the degree of metamorphism. Quantifying the degree of deformation including the irregularities of shapes and the frequency distribution of the minerals becomes one of the most challenging efforts in mylonite analysis. Fractal modelling has been demonstrated in this paper to be an effective mean to achieve the above goal. Perimeter-Area fractal model was used to quantify the irregularities in the geometries and Cumulative Number-Area model is used to characterize the irregularities of distribution of quartzs in mylonites, respectively. Examples of quartz from five types of mylonites with different degree of deformation within the foreland of the Moine Thrust Zone in NW Scotland are chosen to study the evolution processes of deformation. As the main mineral component of quartzite mylonite, patterns are extracted from digital photomicrographics of the multiscale-grey image grid data to show quartz grains with different degree of deformation, The areas and perimeters of the quartz grains were calculated by GIS-based image processing technologies. From type one to type five, with an increase in degree of deformation, the corresponding Perimeter-Area exponent increases from 1.20, 1.28, 1.38, 1.46, to 1.60, respectively, the fractal dimension of the perimeter from 1.07, 1.08, 1.17, 1.23, to 1.44, as well as the exponent of Cumulative Number- Area from 0.50, 0.51, 0.58, 0.82, to 0.85, respectively. The result has shown that as increase of the intensity of deformation, the shape of quartz grains tends to be more irregular, grain size tends to be smaller, and the number of grains increases. The results obtained using GSI model has indicated that as an increase in the intensity of deformation, the patterns of quartz grains tends to be more stratified and randomness increases.     

基于缩放因子的参数曲线自由变形

构造出一种用于参数曲线自由变形的分段多项式函数,称之为缩放因子,将该因子作用于待变形曲线,从而使曲线发生形变。通过交互改变控制参数,可这到预期的变形效果。实验表明,这种方法数学背景简单,易于控制,操作方便,重复使用可获得丰富的变形效果,适用于几何造型、计算机动画等领域。     

Plastic Deformation and Recrystallization of Garnet: A Mechanism to Facilitate Diffusion Creep

Elongate and deformed garnets from Glenelg, NW Scotland, occurwithin a thin shear zone transecting an eclogite body that hasundergone partial retrogression to amphibolite facies at circa700°C. Optical microscopy, back-scattered electron imaging,electron probe microanalysis and electron back-scatter diffractionreveal garnet sub-structures that are developed as a functionof strain. Subgrains with low-angle misorientation boundariesoccur at low strain and garnet orientations are dispersed, aroundrational crystallographic axes, across these boundaries. Towardshigh-strain areas, boundary misorientations increase and thereis a loss of crystallographic control on misorientations, whichtend towards random. In high-strain areas, a polygonal garnetmicrostructure is developed. The garnet orientations are randomlydispersed around the original single-crystal orientation. Somegarnet grains are elongate and Ca-rich garnet occurs on thefaces of elongate grains oriented normal to the foliation. Commonly,the garnet grains are admixed with matrix minerals, and, wherein contact with other phases, garnet is well faceted. We suggestthat individual garnet porphyroclasts record an evolution fromlow-strain conditions, where dislocation creep and recoveryaccommodated deformation, through increasing strain, where dynamicrecrystallization occurred by subgrain rotation, to higheststrains, where recrystallized grains were able to deform bydiffusion creep assisted grain boundary sliding with associatedrotations. KEY WORDS: diffusion creep; EBSD; garnet; plastic deformation; recrystallization     

The role of deformation partitioning in the deformation and recrystallization of plagioclase and K-feldspar in the Woodroffe Thrust mylonite zone, central Australia

ABSTRACT In the Woodroffe Thrust mylonite zone, central Australia, recrystallization in plagioclase and K-feldspar involved subgrain rotation, assisted by grain-boundary or kink band boundary bulging, without contribution from a change in the chemical composition from host grains to new grains. The size of subgrains and new grains changes across the mylonite zone, apparently as a function of the strain rate and the H2O content of the rock. The partitioning of deformation into zones of progressive shearing and progressive shortening controls the sites of recovery and recrystallization in feldspar during mylonitization. The size of feldspar porphyroclasts in well developed mylonites is governed by the scale of deformation partitioning reached in the earlier stages of mylonitization, before the formation of a large proportion of fine-grained matrix that can accommodate the progressive shearing component of the deformation. Recrystallization occurs in microcline, apparently without involving a translation to a monoclinic structure, as microcline-twinned new grains are common adjacent to microcline-twinned host grains. K-feldspar triclinicity values calculated from XRD traces increase from the margins to the interior of the mylonite zone, in conjunction with deformation intensity. K-feldspar host grains locally have cores of orthoclase or untwinned microcline, surrounded by mantles of twinned microcline, suggesting a relationship between the presence of microcline twinning and the degree of K-feldspar triclinicity.     

糜棱岩形成机制的显微构造证据

糜棱岩是一种空间上呈带状分布的、颗粒度强烈缩减了的叶理状岩石。它是在变形作用、恢复作用和重结晶作用等品质塑性流变过程形成的。产生于韧—隐性条件下的糜棱岩一般都由巨晶和基质两个部分组成,其内保存着丰富的显微构造现象。糜棱岩的光学显微构造现象是其形成机制的证据,同时也是岩石变形环境和条件的判据。本文在描述各类显微构造现象的技础上,从微观变形机制方面对糜棱岩给以必要解释。     

岫岩陨石坑石英的冲击变质特征

直径1.8 km的岫岩陨石坑位于辽宁省岫岩县苏子沟镇。坑区基岩为下元古界变质岩,由变粒岩、片麻岩、角闪岩、透闪岩和大理岩等岩石组成。坑内充填的撞击角砾岩石英颗粒呈现典型的冲击变质特征,其中包括沿着石英(0001)、{10 11}、{10 12}和{10 13}等方向发育的多组面状变形页理,以及石英发生相转变形成二氧化硅玻璃和柯石英。产出在二氧化硅玻璃中的针状和粒状柯石英表明从二氧化硅熔体中结晶形成。石英面状变形页理的发育特点限定冲击压力高达35 GPa,而二氧化硅熔体玻璃的存在表明冲击压力高达50 GPa。当压力释放和温度升高,二氧化硅熔体首先被形成。随着压力进一步释放到2.5～13 GPa,柯石英从二氧化硅熔体中结晶析出。岫岩陨石坑中石英面状变形页理和柯石英的存在提供了矿物冲击变质的诊断性证据。     

江西浒坑钨矿含矿石英脉的地质特征及成矿构造演化

位于赣西武功山地区的江西浒坑钨矿是一个大型石英脉型钨矿床,与赣南典型的“五层楼”模式不同,矿脉主要集中在岩体内接触带。含矿石英脉除了普通的块状构造以外,还普遍存在条带状构造。详细的野外编录和镜下研究表明含矿块状石英脉在形成后遭受不同程度的韧性剪切,从而形成不同成分的分异条带。剪切带以出现新生的面理和线理（拉伸线理）为特征。岩石学研究表明条带状矿石属于糜棱岩,具有丰富的塑性变形显微构造特征。通过对含矿石英脉的构造解析,认为与岩浆岩有关的原生节理系统基本上是同时形成的,沿节理充填的石英脉经历了长期的、多期次的构造运动,从而形成了复杂的石英脉和矿石类型。建立了原生节理形成→石英充填→韧性剪切发生→二期石英充填→脆性碎裂的矿区构造演化序列。韧性剪切作用的动力学背景可能是受后期岩浆侵入的影响,最后的脆性破裂应与区域上存在南北向的压应力有关。     

花岗岩的变形构造和定位机制

通过测定花岗岩及其围岩的应变类型、组构特点和变形历史,可以推断花岗岩的定位机制。本文简单介绍了组构测量的方法和不同定位机制的判断标志,并以若干实例强调说明区域构造应力同岩桨的自然浮力和上升趋势相结合,能够产生各种不同的定位机制。