波形模板匹配定位方法在北京地区的应用

在地震学研究中,高效的微震检测方法是既重要又具有挑战性的问题.本文对波形模板匹配检测方法、匹配定位技术、波形自相关检测技术进行详细介绍和对比,对国内外应用实例进行总结,并展望微震检测方法应用前景和发展趋势.利用基于图形处理器加速的匹配定位技术和双差地震定位法,对北京地区19个台站记录的2015年连续地震资料进行分析.基...     

青藏高原北缘P波波形线性度的动态跟踪及其变化的物理机制初探

利用数字化近震Ｐ波波形资料，追踪研究了青藏高原北缘１９９０年２月－１９９５年８月Ｐ波波形时间线性度的变化过程。发现该区较大地震发生前线性度有一定的程度的下降现象。分析认为：大震前孕震区应力场的不均匀分布可使通过孕震区及基周缘的地震波产生颦散，可能是较大地震前波形时间线性度下降的物理本质。     

油气勘探新领域:火山岩油气藏——松辽盆地大型火山岩气田发现的启示

通过观念转变和理论与技术创新,大庆油田在松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层火山岩天然气勘探获得重大突破,使火山岩由原来的油气勘探"禁区"变为"靶区".从而带动了全国的火山岩油气勘探,促使国内油气储量的不断增长.研究表明,各类火山岩均有可能成为良好的储层.与沉积岩相比,火山岩在盆地深层具有体积大、储层物性受埋深影响小、孔渗条件好等...     

横向黏度变化对球层中热对流的影响

本文在常黏度的基础上,加上横向黏度变化,纯粹研究了横向黏度变化对球层中热对流的影响.结果表明,横向黏度变化可以加速或阻碍球层中的热对流,并对球层中热传输方式有调节作用,但是横向黏度变化对球层中热对流的影响会限制在一定的强度范围内,并且难以改变球层中热对流的格局.横向黏度变化所产生的环型场速度占总速度场的比例最多为十几个百分点,难以解释观测到的地表板块运动中的环型场能量大小.     

横向黏度变化的全地幔对流应力场初步研究

将地幔地震波速度异常转换为地幔横向黏度变化(达到3个数量级),在球坐标系下计算了瑞雷数为106、上边界为刚性、下边界为应力自由等温边界条件下的岩石层底部的地幔对流极型和环型应力场.结果表明,地幔对流极型应力场与地表大尺度构造具有良好的对应关系:俯冲带和碰撞带的应力呈现挤压状态,而洋中脊处的应力则呈现拉张状态.地幔对流环...     

横向不均匀性对视电阻率各向异性变化的影响和地震前电阻率的变化深度

采用对称四级装置的直流视电阻率地表观测,其深度探测范围与供电极距AB大致相当。测区地下介质可能存在电性横向不均匀性,即同一深度范围内介质电阻率在水平方向存在变化。地层的横向不均匀性会引起不同方向的视电阻率观测值出现差异,但是否会引起各向异性变化还没有定论;大地震前构造应力对地下分层电阻率的影响能上升到距离地表的深度范围也未得到充分讨论。文中采用有限元数值分析方法,分别计算横向均匀、横向不均匀模型中不同深度范围内介质电阻率变化时视电阻率的各向异性变化,认为:对于供电极距AB=1 000m的观测,距离地表约300m以下的地层其电阻率的各向异性变化所产生的视电阻率各向异性变化与实验和震例中的实际观测结果不符;地层电阻率的变化深度需要上升至近地表的浅层范围,视电阻率的变化幅度和各向异性变化特征才与实验和观测相吻合。对于横向不均匀地层,同一深度以下的地层电阻率发生相同幅度的各向同性变化,视电阻率并不出现各向异性变化,仅当电阻率出现各向异性变化时视电阻率才出现各向异性变化,但地层横向不均匀性对各向异性变化特征的影响较小。     

火山岩地层地震反射特征和地震-地质联合解释:以徐家围子断陷为例

火山岩地层的地震反射特征可通过地震参数、反射结构与地震相、地震地层结构进行地质解释.徐家围子断陷营城组是一套以火山岩占优势的火山岩地层.钻遇营城组钻井与地震资料匹配给出了各种地震属性、反射结构和地震相的地质解释.在徐家围子断陷地震三维工区开展的火山岩地层的地震-地质联合解释包含三个层次:地震参数、反射结构与地震相、地震地层结构,反映火山作用和与相关的沉积作用的地层记录,其中反射结构与地震相是解释的重要环节.平行和发散反射结构可出现在自火山斜坡至盆地的环境,是火山物质较连续的展布和平稳堆积.前积反射结构可出现在火山斜坡至盆地的过渡环境,是火山物质的不连续和快速堆积.丘状和披盖反射结构可出现在火山口至盆地的各种环境中,与岩浆穹窿和基浪沉积有关.充填反射结构可出现在许多环境中,是火山物质下切冲蚀作用形成的.火山岩地层地震-地质解释遵循由大到小和由粗而细的原则,对应地震参数、反射结构与地震相和地震地层结构.     

断层对地震子波波形影响的研究

在地震子波理论的基础上，研究了典型断层情况下地震子波波形变化的规律，从理论上证明了当地震波通过断层时，子波波形变化比走时对断层的反应更为敏感。实测资料的分析计算结果表明，利用地震子波理论判断断层及其性质是可行的     

Structure and evolution of the Bay of Pozzuoli (Italy) using marine seismic reflection data: implications for collapse of the Campi Flegrei caldera

Digital marine seismic reflection data acquired in 1973 in the Bay of Pozzuoli, and recently reprocessed, were used to study the volcanological evolution of the marine sector of Campi Flegrei Caldera during the last 37 ka. In order to gain more information, interpretation also involved estimation of the "pseudo-velocity" and the "pseudo-density" from the resistivity logs of two onshore deep exploration wells. The main results are: (1) discovery of ancient pre-18 ka and post-37 ka submarine and mainly effusive volcanic activity, along coeval emission centers located at the edges of Campi Flegrei Caldera; (2) confirmation that the caldera collapse in the marine sector of Campi Flegrei seems strongly controlled by regional NE–SW and NW–SE structural discontinuities; (3) the finding of at least two episodes of collapse in the bay; and (4) identification of a post-18 ka volcanic deflation phase that has caused about 150–200 m of subsidence in the central sector of the Bay of Pozzuoli in the last 18 ka.Editorial responsibilty: T. Druitt     

Interactive 3D forward modeling of total field surface and three-component borehole magnetic data for the Daye iron-ore deposit (Central China)

The ground magnetic response of deep ore bodies in the Daye iron-ore deposit is relatively weak, and sometimes concealed by the strong magnetic background of shallower sources. Apart from the low-quality ground magnetic data, another critical problem for reconstructing the deep skarn-type ore bodies is developing a versatile inversion scheme that can simultaneously resolve 3D sources with arbitrary shapes. In this case, we resort to interactive 3D forward modeling solution with the joint use of two data sets-total field surface and three-component borehole magnetic data. Joint inversion of the two data sets is expected to help resolve the ambiguity associated with either data set and greatly reduces the nonuniqueness of the magnetic inversion. Such nonuniqueness is especially severe when a 3-D distribution of magnetic susceptibility, instead of a simple body, is sought from the inversion.In this paper, we calculate the magnetic field on the surface and in the borehole caused by 3D arbitrarily-shaped bodies with the triple integral method. The complex 3D magnetic sources having arbitrary shapes are constructed with cross-sections, termination points and facets in our visualization technology. We specify, interactively and in a user-friendly environment, the outline of the sources in terms of geometric elements and their magnetic parameters. The method automatically fits the observations within a prescribed precision. If dissatisfied, the user can redefine the model parameters and proceed to a new inversion. The method's ability to interpret a complicated 3D geologic environment is demonstrated on synthetic models and real data profiles in the Daye iron-ore deposit in central China. The interactive forward modeling results in all tests demonstrate a good correlation of estimated magnetic sources with corresponding known geologic features.