东坪金矿成矿研究

从宏观和微观两方面研究了东坪金矿床的赋矿岩石和赋矿构造。提出了东坪杂岩体为变质岩：认为变形、变质和剪切是矿化的直接动力，褶皱与剪切带是该金矿的联合控矿构造。     

基于遥感技术的断裂构造分形特征及其地质意义研究

以九嶷山地区ETM+遥感影像数据为信息源,通过信息提取与解译快速获取该区断裂构造。运用分形理论的盒维数法对断裂构造体系进行分形研究,结果表明,区内断裂构造在0.05～2.75km尺度范围内具有良好的自相似性和分形特征,总体分维值D=1.1155、R2=0.9964,分维值接近中国大地构造单元稳定区分维值;不同走向断裂分维值D在0.9184～1.0441间、R2介于0.9983～0.9996间,各分维值D不仅定量描述了各走向断裂分布的复杂性和构造演化的成熟度,而且还反映了断裂的成矿作用:NE向断裂分维值最大,D值在1.0441附近时主要表现为导矿构造;SN向断裂分维值次之,D在0.9870附近时主要表现为控矿构造;NW向断裂分维值偏小,D在0.9502附近时主要表现为含矿构造。     

Study on Fractal Feature of Fault Structure and Its Geological Implications Based on Remote Sensing——A Case Study of Jiuyi Mountain Area, Southern Hunan

以九嶷山地区ETM+遥感影像数据为信息源,通过信息提取与解译快速获取该区断裂构造.运用分形理论的盒维数法对断裂构造体系进行分形研究,结果表明,区内断裂构造在0.05～2.75km尺度范围内具有良好的自相似性和分形特征,总体分维值D=1.1155、R2=0.9964,分维值接近中国大地构造单元稳定区分维值;不同走向断裂分维值D在0.9184～1.0441间、R2介于0.9983 ～0.9996间,各分维值D不仅定量描述了各走向断裂分布的复杂性和构造演化的成熟度,而且还反映了断裂的成矿作用:NE向断裂分维值最大,D值在1.0441附近时主要表现为导矿构造;SN向断裂分维值次之,D在0.9870附近时主要表现为控矿构造;NW向断裂分维值偏小,D在0.9502附近时主要表现为含矿构造.     

西藏隆子县扎西康矿集区断裂构造分形特征及其找矿意义

本文基于盒计维数法对扎西康矿集区断裂构造进行分析,结果显示,矿集区内的断裂构造具较好的相似性。其中,以扎西康矿区内断裂构造最为发育,索月、柯月两矿区断裂构造次之;同时,矿集区内SN向、NE向断裂构造分维值较大,断裂发育,为目前区内控矿主断裂。横向上,通过研究扎西康、柯月及索月三个矿区的矿化体、蚀变围岩及普通围岩的节理裂隙分维值,发现不同地质体的分维值大小与其矿化程度呈明显的正相关关系。纵向上,扎西康矿区分维值由浅至深呈减小趋势,表明深部构造趋于稳定,利于成矿;柯月矿区分维值纵向上开始呈减小趋势,在4510 m以下又逐渐增大,分维值变化不一,表明其构造具叠加特征,指示深部断裂延伸较大,具较大成矿潜力。此外,分维等值线图及各子区8次趋势分析图呈NE向、SN向及NW向展布,为以后找矿研究提供了方向和参考。     

金矿的控矿构造概述

由于金矿的成因是多种多样的,因而构造对其的控制作用也各不相同。本文主要概括性地论述内生金矿床的控矿构造特点。首先从金矿形成的大地构造环境、不同时代金矿成矿带方向和控矿构造类型等方面,说明金矿的区域分布和各种构造与金矿的关系,并结合我国金矿的分布提出了两点看法。其次指出五种环形构造与金矿的关系。结合山东招掖地区金矿床较详细地归纳了金矿的控矿断裂构造特征,列举了各种不同的容矿断裂构造特征,不同的容矿断裂构造类型和金矿在断裂中的富集部位。     

玲珑金矿田不同级别构造控矿特征

在我国著名的胶东玲珑金矿田中，发育有众多的断裂构造，这些断裂构造具有明显的主次之分，并对金矿化起着不同的控制作用。其中，破头青断裂为一级控矿构造，它控制了整个金矿田矿脉的空间分布、矿化类型、矿物组合以及矿化深度的规律性变化。玲珑断裂为二级控矿构造，它控制了次级矿脉的富矿段，导致矿脉的斜列及走向变化，其产状对两侧次级矿脉的赋矿标高产生一定的制约。矿田内其他NE—NEE方向的众多断裂为三级控矿构造，它控制了矿体的产出位置、形态、产状等。     

内蒙古卫境地区遥感线性构造分形特征

在综合分析多源地学信息的基础上,利用遥感影像对内蒙古卫境地区进行线性构造目视解译,结合Arc GIS与MATLAB软件对已解译的线性构造进行分形研究,快速获取研究区线性构造的分形维数、不同方向线性构造分形维数及不同区域线性构造分维值,并对计算结果进行了分析。结果表明:研究区内线性构造、不同走向线性构造及不同区域线性构造都具有自相似性;南北向、北西向线性构造分维值较大,复杂性较高,为区域主要构造方向;铀矿化主要分布在分维值0.82的区域内,分维值越大,越有利于热液活动和成矿。     

华南中新生代NNE走滑断裂对铀成矿控制的分形分析

在区域成矿学研究中,断裂构造往往是多尺度成矿系统(成矿带、矿田、矿床和矿体)的主导控制因素.在诸多控矿要素中,断裂构造的复杂程度与成矿有着及其密切的联系.分形理论可以将断裂构造复杂程度定量化,如Mandel-brot提出的分形几何学中的分维数,定量描述断裂构造体系的复杂程度(Mandebrot,1985).孔凡臣等(1991)通过单条断裂体的分数维值的含义研究,认为断裂构造的分数维D值的大小反映了其结构的复杂程度和活动性的强弱.具有不同分数维D值的断裂构造常常处在不同的构造发育阶段.谭凯旋等(1998)研究了中国断裂构造的分形特征及大地构造意义,结果表明中国大陆壳体中深大断裂的分布具有分形特征,大陆全境的分维值为1.493,各构造区的分维值为0.827～1.624.并指出断裂构造的分维值反映了区域大地构造演化、运动历史的复杂性和构造活动的强弱性.本文运用分形理论来研究华南中新生代NNE走滑断裂的空间分布分形特征及铀矿分布分形的关系.     

断层体系分维与油田分布

本文将分形几何学的原理和方法，应用于东营凹陷Ｔ２，Ｔ６和ＴＲ３个不同构造层的断层体系的二维平面分布特征研究，发现在研究的标度范围内（ｌ＝０．５－４ｋｍ）不仅具有统计自相似性，并且同一构造层不同子区域不同的分维值Ｄ．分维值分布特征为南区分维值略低于北区分维值，东区分维值略高于西区分维值，将本区断层体系的这种分维值布特征与油田分布特征对比，可发现分维值越高，油田规模越大。     

广西贺州水岩坝矿田断裂构造分形特征分析

文章基于盒计维数法对水岩坝矿田断裂构造进行了系统的定量分析,结果显示矿田内不同尺度的断裂构造具有良好的自相似性。其中,断层的分维值为1.3475;矿田中部的烂头山矿床节理和手标本微裂隙的平均分维值分别为1.7841和1.3310;在子区分维高次趋势图上,分维高值区总体延伸趋势为北西向,与矿田断层构造总体展布趋势相吻合。平面上,烂头山矿床正常围岩微裂隙、蚀变围岩微裂隙和矿(化)体微裂隙的平均分维值分别为1.2097、1.3310和1.8622,表明矿化程度的高低与其微裂隙分维值的大小成正比;垂向上,烂头山矿床露头节理平均分维值随高程的升高而增大,显示烂头山矿床具有含钨石英脉型的"五层楼"模式特点。此外,水岩坝矿田内已知矿床(点)均位于分维高值区,说明分维值的高低与已知矿床(点)的分布具有耦合性。     

湘赣粤环形构造的影象分析其找矿应用意义探讨

一、引言卫星影象上除大量直观的线状信息外,还有许多大小不等、形态各异的环状信息。湘赣粤三省交界处,在各种比例尺的卫片上就存在一个完整的环状影象,作者将此称为湘赣粤环形。这种由多种构造形式按一定的组合规律所结成的统一体,往往不易为常规地质方法所发现。湘赣粤环形区     

地月系统不同成因环形构造及其影像特征

环形构造是一种常见的地质现象,特别是在月球上分布更为普遍。本文论述了三种成因的环形构造,即:侵入岩成因的环形构造,火山成因的环形构造,以及小天体撞击形成的撞击坑。文中详细介绍了它们的成因与结构特征,指出侵入岩成因的环形构造主要由岩浆冷凝收缩形成,在遥感影像上主要表现为影像色调的不同;火山成因的环形构造为火山口,在遥感影像上具有环形结构;而小天体撞击形成的撞击坑形态复杂,如碗形坑、中心锥环形坑与多环撞击坑,撞击坑的坑沿外缓内陡,遥感影像上表现为环形或弧形构造,有些撞击坑具有辐射纹。     

滑坡-碎屑流冲击导引结构的离散元模拟

滑坡碎屑流对拦挡结构的直接冲击常产生较高的峰值冲击力和冲击能量,导致结构发生破坏而失效;而导引结构通过改变碎屑流的运动路径,可减缓其冲击效应,提高结构抗冲击能力。文章运用三维离散元模拟软件,结合室内休止角试验的结果,校准数值模拟参数,以三种不同导引结构(凹型圆弧、直线型、凸型圆弧)为变量进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:凹型圆弧结构B1可以有效地将碎屑流颗粒的冲击力进行转化,结构所受的法向力最小,切向力最大,对颗粒的导引作用最大。经过三种不同导引结构后,颗粒与滑槽之间的碰撞和摩擦是导致颗粒动能减小的主要原因;而三种不同导引结构对颗粒动能的耗散效果无显著差异。导引结构的作用对于颗粒堆积体积分布有显著的影响,主要影响区是靠近坡脚处,对导引结构之后的堆积区域的颗粒体积分布影响不显著。通过对冲击效应和堆积特性的研究,得到凹型圆弧结构形式最优,可以为碎屑流的防护工程抗冲击设计提供参考。     

西天山地区遥感地质构造及找矿预测

应用遥感地质技术手段,对西天山地区约80000km~2范围,进行地质矿产调查和评价,研究了区内主要断裂构造;圈出具有成矿意义的环形构造群(带)及具独特找矿意义的透镜状影像构造,确定了西天山的地质构造格局。总结了区内矿产分布与地质影像构造的关系。初步建立了该区的遥感找矿准则,并提出了有找矿前景的遥感影像构造地带。     

陕西小秦岭地区的环形构造及其控矿作用探讨

本文运用波浪镶嵌构造观点研究小秦岭地区发育着的许多大小不等的环形构造。它与区域北东向、东西向构造相互交织形成的网格构造相互套合,共同组成了该区的复杂构造形态。环形构造对矿产、尤其对同生金属矿产起着明显的控制作用,研究环形构造,将对矿产的普查勘探及成矿预测起到一定的作用,     

Predicting strain using forward modelling of restored cross-sections: Application to rollover anticlines over listric normal faults

A strategy to predict strain across geological structures, based on previous techniques, is modified and evaluated, and a practical application is shown. The technique, which employs cross-section restoration combined with kinematic forward modelling, consists of restoring a section, placing circular strain markers on different domains of the restoration, and forward modelling the restored section with strain markers until the present-day stage is reached. The restoration algorithm employed must be also used to forward model the structure. The ellipses in the forward modelled section allow determining the strain state of the structure and may indirectly predict orientation and distribution of minor structures such as small-scale fractures. The forward model may be frozen at different time steps (different growth stages) allowing prediction of both spatial and temporal variation of strain. The method is evaluated through its application to two stages of a clay experiment, that includes strain markers, and its geometry and deformation history are well documented, providing a strong control on the results. To demonstrate the method's potential, it is successfully applied to a depth-converted seismic profile in the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. This allowed us to gain insight into the deformation undergone by rollover anticlines over listric normal faults.     

八方山多金属矿床控矿构造变形机制研究

陕西凤县八方山铜铅锌多金属矿床为一层控矿床,其后生热液改造富集作用主要受构造控制.区内主体构造为一短轴背科,产于背斜中的环状层滑断层严格控制了矿体的展布.应用构造解析、有限应变分析、显微组构分析等方法对该背斜及其次级构造进行研究,结果表明该区构造为多期变形(至少二级韧性变形和二期脆性变形)的产物,矿化富集受前三期变形控矿.     

Gnargoo: a possible 75 km-diameter post-Early Permian – pre-Cretaceous buried impact structure,Carnarvon Basin,Western Australia

The Gnargoo structure is located on the Gascoyne Platform, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, and is buried beneath about 500 m of Cretaceous and younger strata. The structure is interpreted as being of possible impact origin from major geophysical and morphometric signatures, characteristic of impact deformation, and its remarkable similarities with the proven Woodleigh impact structure, about 275 km to the south on the Gascoyne Platform. These similarities include: a circular Bouguer anomaly (slightly less well-defined at Gnargoo than at Woodleigh); a central structurally uplifted area comprising a buried dome with a central uplifted plug; and the lack of a significant magnetic anomaly. Gnargoo shows a weakly defined inner 10 km-diameter circular Bouguer anomaly surrounded by a broadly circular zone, ～75 km in diameter. The north?–?south Bouguer anomaly lineament of the Giralia Range (a regional topographic and structural feature) terminates abruptly against the outer circular zone which is, in turn, intersected on the eastern flank by the Wandagee Fault. A <?28 km-diameter layered sedimentary dome of Ordovician to Lower Permian strata, surrounding a cone-shaped, central uplift plug of 7?–?10 km diameter, are inferred from the seismic data. Seismic-reflection data indicate a minimum central structural uplift of 1.5 km, as compared to a model uplift of 7.3 km calculated from the outer structural diameter. An interpretation of Gnargoo in terms of a plutonic or volcanic caldera/ring origin is unlikely as these features display less regular geometry, are typically smaller and no volcanic rocks are known in the onshore Gascoyne Platform. An interpretation of Gnargoo as a salt dome is likewise unlikely because salt structures tend to have irregular geometry, and no extensive evaporite units are known in the Southern Carnarvon Basin. Morphometric estimates of the rim-to-rim diameter based on seismic data for the central dome correspond to the observed diameter deduced from gravity data, and fall within the range of morphometric parameters of known impact structures. The age of Gnargoo is constrained between the deformed Lower Permian target rocks and unconformably overlying undeformed Lower Cretaceous strata. Because of its large dimensions, if Gnargoo is an impact structure, it may have influenced an environmental catastrophe during this period.     

Analysis of rock structure stability in coal mines

In this paper, the theory of limit point instability is used to analyse the stability of rock structures in coal mines. A general method of analysing stability of rock structures is put forward and a uniform instability condition of rock structures is set up. Some instability phenomena, such as rock bursts in circular roadways, pillars and long walls, and the outburst of coal and gas from circular roadways, are discussed analytically. At a later stage, the critical point of rock structure instability is determined. The influence of relative parameters (such as the mechanical properties of rock, coal, and the geometric sizes) on the stability of the rock structures is carefully analysed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reconstruction of activity areas at a formative household in northwest Argentina

This paper analyzes the spatial pattern of landscapes and domestic unit activity areas at an archaeological site in northwest Argentina. The site is on a cone glacis in the Tafí Valley on the east side of Aconquija Mountain. The archaeological structures are associated with one of the earliest permanent villages of the region and date to the Formative Period of the Tafí culture (2296 ± 70 yr B.P. to 1140 ± 50 yr B.P.). Using photointerpretation, we distinguished two main structure types: agricultural structures, such as stone terraces, and circular houses. Statistical analysis of the different types of circular structures indicates that simple units had a uniform distribution, which reflects the main function of the area. The patio of one unit was excavated, and three burial cists were found under a Formative Period floor. Archaeological artifacts, together with 107 soil samples from the floor, were collected to establish activity areas within the domestic space. By analyzing soil chemistry (pH, calcium, organic and inorganic phosphorous) and ceramic and animal bone distributions, three major activity areas (animal processing, plant storage, and burials) were identified. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.