岩石弹脆性分维损伤本构模型

本文定义岩石构元中破裂面的分维值为各向同性损伤变量,而各个方向上裂纹面的累加量定义为各向异性损伤变量,并根据裂纹发育特征提出了损伤变量演化方程,从而建立起岩石脆性变形破坏过程的分维损伤本构模型。最后,利用该模型对大理岩单轴压缩应力应变曲线进行了模拟,结果说明本文提出的模型是较为合理的。     

高应力区岩石统计损伤本构模型研究

为了反映高应力区岩石变形破坏全过程,通过引入双参数抛物线型Mohr强度准则,建立适用于高应力区岩体的微元强度度量方式,并假定由该度量方式得到的微元强度服从幂函数概率密度分布,结合连续损伤理论,考虑损伤变量修正,建立一个新的适用于高应力区岩体的统计损伤本构模型。以高应力区英安岩为验证对象,进行常规三轴压缩试验,依据岩石应力-应变曲线特征,给出模型参数确定方法。引用基于线性Mohr强度准则而建适用于浅部低应力水平岩体的相关统计损伤模型,利用该模型和所建模型对高应力区英安岩和相关文献中的高应力区砂岩、花岗岩试验数据进行验证,对比试验曲线和理论曲线,证明所建模型的可行性和适用性,并对英安岩累积损伤的扩展过程进行分析。     

单一岩石变形特性及本构关系的研究

利用MTS815岩石材料试验机试验,得到了在不同围压下砂岩的应力-应变全过程曲线及曲线上的压密、弹性、应变硬化(塑性)和应变软化(破裂)的4个阶段。分析了各阶段岩石的变形特性和围压对岩石强度的影响。根据岩石的变形特性提出以Duncan模型为基础的、能够描述岩石压密、弹塑性和破裂段的单一岩石本构模型,用改进的模型分析了岩石变形破坏机理。实验表明,提出的改进本构关系能更好地描述岩石的变形和破裂。     

原状膨胀土的强度变形特性及其本构模型研究

对南阳原状膨胀土进行了不同吸力下的三轴剪切试验，试验结果表明原状膨胀土在剪切过程中呈脆性破坏形式，原生裂隙和软弱面是决定原状膨胀土强度的主要因素，建议采用四屈服面的非饱和弹塑性模型描述原状膨胀土的湿胀干缩特性和剪胀剪缩特性。     

卸荷条件下岩石变形特征及本构模型研究

基于岩石试件的卸荷试验,研究了卸荷条件下岩石的应力—应变全过程曲线和破裂特征,研究表明：卸荷过程中岩石向卸荷方向回弹变形强烈、扩容显著、脆性破坏特征明显;卸荷条件下岩石破坏具有较强的张性破裂特征,各种级别的张裂隙发育,其剪性破裂面追随张拉裂隙发展。基于试验认识,将卸荷条件下岩石的本构模型分为4段：弹性段、卸荷屈服段、峰后脆性段及残余理想塑性段;通过体积应变εv将Griffith和Mohr Coulomb屈服准则结合起来,建立卸荷条件下岩石的屈服准则,并在应变空间建立相应的卸荷非线性屈服段本构方程;运用应变软化理论,建立卸荷岩石峰后脆性段本构方程。     

岩石统计渗流模型和统计损伤本构模型研究

采用Eshelby等效夹杂方法建立考虑渗流的岩石损伤本构模型是一种有效方法,但相关文献目前还极少。利用细观力学的Eshelby等效夹杂方法, 探索了考虑渗流和损伤的Helmholtz自由比能函数的确定,用连续介质损伤力学方法建立了相应的考虑渗流的岩石损伤统计本构模型,提出了考虑渗流和损伤过程的岩石破坏准则,建议了考虑损伤和应变的岩石渗透系数演化方程。与试验结果比较表明,所建立模型是合理的。     

非规则砂岩节理剪切变形本构关系试验研究

岩石节理剪切变形对岩体工程的安全性和稳定性具有重要影响。为研究常法向应力下岩石节理剪切变形本构关系,采用RDS-200型岩石直剪仪对非规则砂岩节理进行了不同法向应力下的直剪试验。根据岩石节理剪切应力?位移全程曲线形状特征,将其依次划分为峰前压密阶段、线性阶段、屈服阶段和峰后软化阶段;根据剪切应力在峰后软化阶段降低幅度和速率大小,将岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线划分为3种类型：峰后平台型、峰后缓降型和峰后跌落型。基于岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线各阶段剪切变形特征,采用分段函数建立了岩石节理剪切变形本构模型。与其他模型相比,新提出的岩石节理剪切变形本构模型对试验数据拟合精度更高,更好地描述了岩石节理剪切应力?位移全程曲线。另外,在通过岩石节理直剪试验由经验公式确定模型参数之后,所提出本构模型可在不同法向应力下实现对不同粗糙度岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线的预测。研究结果对岩石节理剪切变形的数值模拟和工程估计具有一定的实用价值。     

模拟岩石应变软化变形全过程的统计损伤本构模型研究

建立可以模拟岩石应力-应变全过程的本构模型一直是岩土工程中研究的热点之一.首先,在深入探讨应变软化类岩石受力变形全过程每个阶段特征的基础上,并针对Lemaitre应变等价性理论的不足之处,基于更合理的假定建立了能够反映应变软化类岩石体积变化以及峰后出现残余强度的新型损伤模型;然后,通过引入统计损伤理论并考虑损伤阈值对岩石变形过程的影响,建立了能够模拟应变软化类岩石受力变形全过程的统计损伤本构模型,该模型还可以反映岩石的体积变化以及初始孔隙率对其变形过程的影响;最后,通过理论计算与试验结果及他人模型的对比分析,表明了该模型的合理性与可行性.     

土体非线弹性-塑性本构模型

把本质上属于亚弹性本构模型,在岩土工程界广为应用的Duncan-Chang模型与服从Drucker-PragerMohr-Column屈服准则的弹塑性本构模型相结合,推出了非线弹性-塑性的组合本构模型,以克服经典的弹塑性模型不能考虑岩土材料在塑性屈服前的非线性行为以及一般的Duncan-Chang模型不适用于应力水平接近于屈服或破坏状态等缺点。所建议的本构模型简单实用,能较好地综合利用工程地质勘察资料和常规的土工试验数据。针对实际边坡具体地层条件的分析表明,该模型及其非线性析算法的正确性和可行性,而且在岩土工程方面具有广泛的实际应用价值。     

高温岩石的扰动状态本构模型

诸多岩石工程都涉及高温岩石问题,开展高温下岩石的本构关系尤为必要.基于扰动状态概念理论,通过定义与温度相关的扰动函数,建立起高温岩石的扰动状态本构模型.利用高温下实施的花岗岩单轴压缩破坏试验,对建立的本构模型进行了检验.研究表明,所建立的本构模型能描述高温岩石的力学响应特性.     

非连续变形岩石断裂分析中的一种全长剪切锚杆

锚杆从锚固方式上可划分两种：端部锚固方式和全长锚固方式。全长锚固锚杆作为工程支护中的一种重要锚杆类型,具有广泛的应用前景。非连续变形分析（DDA）以及在此基础上发展的非连续变形的岩石断裂分析（DDARF）方法中锚杆为端锚形式,且只考虑了锚杆的轴向作用,而忽略了锚杆作用力对锚固岩体的侧向限制。为了更好地理解锚杆的支护机制,考虑锚杆的剪切作用,提出了DDARF中一种新的锚固形式--全长剪切锚杆支护形式。用改进的全长剪切锚杆支护方法对一公路隧道稳定性进行了分析,并与端锚支护形式进行了对比,结果表明,提出的全长剪切锚杆支护方法是有效的,锚固效果比端锚支护更好。     

A development of the discontinuous deformation analysis for rock fall analysis

Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), a discrete numerical analysis method, is used to simulate the behaviour of falling rock by applying a linear displacement function in the computations. However, when a block rotates, this linear function causes a change in block size called the free expansion phenomenon. In addition, this free expansion results in contact identification problems when the rotating blocks are close to each other. To solve this problem of misjudgment and to obtain a more precise simulation of the falling rock, a new method called Post‐Contact Adjustment Method has been developed and applied to the program. The basic procedure of this new method can be divided into three stages: using the linear displacement function to generate the global matrix, introducing the non‐linear displacement function to the contact identification, and applying it to update the co‐ordinates of block vertices. This new method can be easily applied to the original DDA program, demonstrating better contact identification and size conservation results for falling rock problems than the original program. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Micromechanical analysis of the failure process of brittle rock

The failure process of brittle rock submitted to a compression state of stress with different confining pressures is investigated in this paper based on discrete element method (DEM) simulations. In the DEM model, the rock sample is represented by bonding rigid particles at their contact points. The numerical model is first calibrated by comparing the macroscopic response with the macroscopic response of Beishan granite obtained from laboratory tests. After the validation of numerical model in terms of macroscopic responses, the failure process of the DEM model under unconfined and confined compression is studied in micro‐scale in detail. The contact force network and its relation to the development of micro‐cracks and evolution of major fractures are studied. Confining pressure will prohibit the development of tensile cracks and hence alter the failure patterns. An in‐depth analysis of micro‐scale response is carried out, including the orientation distribution and probability density of stress acting on parallel bonds, the effect of particle size heterogeneity on bond breakage and the evolution of fabric tensor and coordination number of parallel bond. The proposed micromechanical analysis will allow us to extract innovative features emerged from the stresses and crack evolution in brittle rock failure process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

节理岩质边坡变形的DDA模拟

对原非连续变形分析方法（DDA方法）中边界约束方法进行了推广，将其应用于节理岩质边坡变形规律的数值模拟，并利用模型实验结果验证了推广方法的正确性。     

Modified predictor-corrector solution approach for efficient discontinuous deformation analysis of jointed rock masses

The high computational costs associated with the implicit formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) have been one of the major obstacles for its implementation to engineering problems involving jointed rock masses with large numbers of blocks. In this paper, the Newmark-based predictor-corrector solution (NPC) approach was modified to improve the performance of the original DDA solution module in modeling discontinuous problems. The equation of motion for a discrete block system is first established with emphasis on the consideration of contact constraints. A family of modified Newmark-based predictor-corrector integration (MNPC) scheme is then proposed and implemented into a unified analysis framework. Comparisons are made between the proposed approach and the widely used constant acceleration (CA) integration approach and central difference (CD) approach, regarding the stability and numerical damping features for a single-degree-of-freedom model, where the implications of the proposed approach on open-close iteration are also discussed. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by several benchmarking examples, and it is then applied to two typical problems with different numbers of blocks. The results show that the original CA approach in DDA is efficient for the simulation of quasi-static deformation of jointed rock masses, while the proposed MNPC approach leads to improved computational efficiency for dynamic analysis of large-scale jointed rock masses. The MNPC approach therefore provides an additional option for efficient DDA of jointed rock masses.     

考虑峰值后区应力跌落速率的脆岩损伤本构模型研究

为了研究和分析脆岩峰值后区变形破坏力学性质,引入统计细观损伤理论,针对以破坏微元体数目与总数目之比定义的损伤变量存在的局限性与不足,在分析非均匀性岩石峰后变形破坏特征基础上探讨脆岩细观损伤演化机制,建立了考虑破坏微元体引起岩石材料非均匀性的修正损伤模型,并提出模型修正系数的函数假设;然后,在此基础上推导建立了岩石修正统计损伤本构模型,并给出了模型参数的确定方法;最后,将模型理论曲线与试验曲线进行了比较分析,并对模型参数的变化规律进行了讨论。研究表明:该模型能够反映脆岩峰值后区不同应力跌落速率的现象,模型理论曲线及模型参数的变化规律与试验结果较为吻合,表明提出的模型和方法具有一定的合理性与可行性。     

基于非连续变形分析方法的深部沿空掘巷围岩变形破坏及控制机制对比研究

利用非连续变形分析方法（DDARF）对单节理锚固试件在单轴压缩条件下的变形破坏及裂隙扩展过程进行分析,并以深部厚顶煤综放沿空掘巷--赵楼煤矿11302工作面轨道巷为工程背景,应用DDARF对沿空巷道围岩的变形破坏及控制机制进行研究,同时利用地质力学模型试验及现场试验进行对比验证。重点分析了沿空巷道围岩裂隙演化规律,并定义裂隙率 及裂隙减少率 两个指标对DDARF计算中的沿空巷道裂隙演化规律进行定量分析。研究结果表明：采用DDARF方法对单节理试件在无锚和加锚条件下的单轴压缩试验计算与室内试验结果相吻合;对沿空掘巷过程中巷道围岩变形情况进行DDARF计算,结果显示,围岩变形呈现沿空帮>顶板>实体帮>底板的变化趋势,与模型及现场试验监测数据相符;根据 及 两个指标对计算得到的无锚和加锚沿空巷道围岩裂隙发育情况进行定量分析,结果显示,沿空巷道围岩破坏趋势为 ,与变形趋势相一致;虽然锚固效果明显,但由于Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区本身围岩破碎严重,支护后裂隙率最大的 仍然是裂隙率最小的 的2.13倍,为了维护围岩稳定性,除了进行锚杆（索）非对称支护外,还应对Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区关键部位增加支护措施。DDARF方法关于沿空巷道围岩变形破坏的计算结果与实际工程相近,可有效开展裂隙演化与变形破坏机制研究,分析此类巷道的控制对策。     

Boundary setting method for the seismic dynamic response analysis of engineering rock mass structures using the discontinuous deformation analysis method

Large deformations and discontinuous problems can be calculated using the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method by solving time steps, and this method is suitable for simulating the seismic dynamic response of engineering rock mass structures. However, the boundary setting must be carefully analyzed. In this paper, four boundary settings for the DDA method are investigated. First, the contributions to the DDA equations for nonreflecting boundaries (including the viscous boundary and the viscoelastic boundary) are deduced based on the Newmark method. Second, a free‐field boundary is introduced in the DDA method with boundary grid generation and coupling calculation algorithms to accurately simulate external source wave motion, such as earthquakes. Third, seismic input boundary treatments are intensively examined, and the force input method is introduced based on nonreflecting boundaries. Finally, the static‐dynamic unified boundary is implemented to ensure consistent boundary transformation. The boundary setting method in the DDA method is discussed, and the suggested treatments are used to analyze the seismic dynamic response of underground caverns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑降雨入渗的非连续性岩体边坡稳定分析

由于断层和节理切割,边坡岩体一般具有非连续特性,降雨入渗是影响其稳定的重要因素之一。应用饱和与非饱和渗流理论建立了岩体边坡的非稳定饱和与非饱和渗流分析模型,并采用块体系统的非连续变形分析建立了降雨入渗非饱和渗流场影响的岩体边坡稳定分析和评价模型。作为应用实例,对某高速公路岩体边坡在降雨入渗条件下的非稳定饱和与非饱和渗流场及其对边坡稳定性的影响进行详细分析,并对边坡的稳定性进行评价。     

Comparative study of Sarma's method and the discontinuous deformation analysis for rock slope stability analysis

This paper presents a comparative study of two methods, Sarma's method and the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), for rock slope stability analysis. The comparison concerns the stability analysis of two classic rock slopes. The study shows that the DDA, which accounts for the block kinematics, provides a very different factor of safety as compared with Sarma's method. More realistic reaction forces around each rock block can be obtained by the DDA, including the thrust forces between rock blocks and the forces between the base and the blocks. The DDA's result shows two possible directions for the relative movement between two contiguous blocks at the initiation of slope failure. It also indicates that the limit equilibrium condition may not occur along the interfaces of rock blocks at the initiation of slope failure. The determination of realistic interaction forces around each block will be very important in rock slope stability analysis if nonlinear failure criteria are considered.