湖北省江汉平原重点区地下水监测网优化研究

为开展湖北省地下水监测网络的优化部署,在全省地下水流系统划分的基础上,选取江汉平原重点区地下水系统作为研究区,对该系统地下水监测网进行了优化研究。采用地下水动态类型编图法,从水文地质条件的角度为地下水监测井的布置提供了地质依据。克里金插值法能够定量评价系统内地下水等水位线的插值精度,从而评价监测网密度。研究区现有国家地下水监测工程(自然资源部分)监测井77个,根据监测需求选取临界插值误差标准差值为1.3,优化后新增监测井30个。优化后的监测网有助于获取研究区更加科学全面的地下水动态信息。     

关中盆地地下水动态监测网络设计与应用

本文在关中盆地现有监测网的基础上,基于GIS技术,采用建设监测剖面与编制地下水动态类型图相结合的方法,对关中盆地地下水动态监测网进行了优化调整,形成4横5纵共9条监测剖面、239个监测点的地下水动态监测网,其中潜水监测井120个,承压水监测井119个;利用原有监测井165个,新增监测井74个。新建监测网能够较全面地控制关中盆地区域地下水动态变化,在2011年＂严重缺水地区地下水监测项目＂中,以动态监测数据为依据,确定了主要干旱区位置,为政府应急抗旱找水打井提供了技术支撑。     

河套平原浅层地下水动态监测网优化设计

河套平原的地下水动态监测网存在监测井空间布局不合理的问题,限制了地下水研究工作的进一步深入.采用水文地质分析法和克里金插值法,并结合实际情况对河套平原的浅层地下水监测网络进行了优化设计.地下水动态影响因素分区图的编制主要考虑了地貌、包气带岩性、浅水位埋深、含水层渗透系数、年均降水量、年均蒸发量以及地下水开采模数7个因子.结果表明,优化设计的监测网共有监测井428眼,优化后Kriging插值误差标准差为2.53~10.99 m,比优化前(2.75~27.00 m)显著降低,这说明优化设计的监测网精度有很大提高.此外,优化后的监测网不仅能够对河岸带、断裂带、咸淡水交互带、地下水降落漏斗区等关键地段的水位实施监测,还能够满足不同地区对监测井密度的需求,具有一定的参考和实践价值.     

北京平原地下水水位监测网优化

文章在北京市地下水水位监测现状基础上,分潜水和承压水对北京平原地下水监测网的监测密度和监测频率进行了优化设计。主要采用编制地下水动态类型图的方法进行了地下水水位监测网的优化,克里金插值法能定量评价依据监测网观测值绘制的地下水水位等高线的精度,因而可以用来评价监测优化结果。并根据时间序列分析和统计检验提供的定量标准优化了地下水水位监测频率。优化后,北京平原共有监测孔400眼,其中利用原有监测孔300眼,新设计监测孔100眼,手工监测频率由原来的每月6次优化为每月1次,专项高频率监测可以由地下水自动监测仪实现。文中还对地下水自动监测仪(DIVER)的监测结果和手工监测结果进行了对比评价,提出了地下水水位监测网的维护、管理措施和信息发布方式。     

我国地下水动态监测网优化布设方法研究综述

我国地下水动态监测网建设存在监测井点布设不合理、站网密度较低等问题。针对这种状况,阐述国内外应用较多的地下水监测网优化方法,并列举出相关工程应用实例,对未来我国地下水监测网建设提出从推进相关规范标准,应用优化方法、加强站网布设及监测频率等方面推进我国地下水检测站网建设。     

塔里木与扬子新元古代热-构造事件特征、序列和时代——扬子与塔里木连接(YZ-TAR)假设

淄博市大武水源地是中国北方罕见的特大型岩溶-裂隙地下水水源地,地下水开采量为52×10~4m~3/d。为了对岩溶地下水进行有效监测,需要建立最优的地下水监测网。文中在对岩溶地下水流系统分析的基础上,建立了地下水流系统确定性-随机性数学模型,运用有限元与卡尔曼滤波耦合的模拟递推算法,对大武水源地地下水监测网进行了优化设计,结果显示:现有地下水位动态监测网难以达到监测目标,最优地下水位监测网由14个监测井,每月监测一次的监测频率组成,比现有地下水位监测网减少了2个监测井。     

水环中心自主研制地下水监测装置两项成果获国家实用新型专利

近日,中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心依托地质调查项目自主研制的地下水动态自动监测仪、地下水动态自动监测气压平衡装置两项成果获国家知识产权局授予的实用新型专利。地下水动态自动监测仪是一种地下水监测的专用设备,是针对全国地下水监测网已经建立,但现场数据采集设备尚未配置的情况下研制的。     

BP神经网络方法在地下水动态监测网质量评价中的应用

本文运用BP神经网络方法构建了地下水动态监测网的质量评价模型，并以甘肃省武威盆地的地下水位监测网为例进行了实例研究。研究表明，在武威和清源附近地下水监测点密度大于0．09／km^2的三个区域，需要进一步调整地下水监测点结构。武威以东、双城以南的地下水位漏斗区和武威以西的山前地带，需要增加地下水监测点。其它地下水监测点密度小于0．03／km^2的地区，则需要根据实际情况而决定。     

乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水位监测网设计

文章阐述了乌鲁木齐河流域区域地下水水位监测网的优化设计。基于ARCGIS技术,运用水文地质学方法在叠加合成地下水动态类型分区图的基础上优化设计了区域地下水水位监测网密度;采用时间序列分析方法确定了地下水水位监测频率。首期施工安装了11个新的长期专门监测孔;对73个现有监测孔进行了维修并安装了孔口保护装置,安装了28套水位自动监测仪,初步实现了地下水水位的自动监测。     

新疆乌苏市地下水动态特征评价

新疆乌苏市在发展经济同时,对生态环境缺乏认识,挤占生态用水,同时由于流域缺水和水资源配置不合理,生态环境问题严重,以该市布设的地下水动态监测网长列监测资料为依据,对区内地下水位、水质、水温动态特征进行分析研究,结果表明:对于水位埋深较深的地区,地下水动态特征一般为水文型动态;水位埋深较浅的地区,潜水动态主要为气象型动态。所有地下水动态都受人类活动影响而呈现人工型动态。     

Determinants of liner shippping network configuration: a two-region comparison

The worldwide network of container transport services is becoming increasingly diffuse. The different strategies of shipping lines, the balance of power between shipping lines and shippers and constraints related to inland transportation all have a potential impact on the development of maritime shipping networks. Moreover, strategic alliances between the port and the shipping industry, which have both been driven by strong concentration processes and vertical integration, have a profound influence on the maritime network structure and also on the grade of integration of a region in the global maritime transport network. This paper seeks to understand the evolution of maritime networks in and between two differently developed regions. The focus is on the trade route and networks between the West Coast of South America and Northern Europe. The paper analyses the network structures and the behaviour of shipping lines in different economic contexts and port systems. Current and historical developments in the two regions under study have led to their relative position within the global maritime network and illustrate the potential implications of being peripheral or central in this network. The empirical results are compared with known strategies of shipping lines. The authors aim to answer the question of how far the configuration of hinterlands determines calling patterns and if strategic alliances and vertical integration reduce footloose behaviour of shipping lines. Further, we discuss how far, under the current configuration, shipping lines influence port development, and also the reverse situation of how far port accessibility and performance influence maritime network developments. The two region approach provides insights on the constraining factors of maritime network development between two differently developed regions and the associated implications for trade development.     

Social network interactions among mentally ill persons in community housing: research issues and agenda

This paper discusses social network interactions among individuals who have been hospitalized with mental illness and who currently reside in different types of community housing programmes. First, a conceptualisation of social networks that focuses on network interactions, both supportive and non-supportive, between network interactions may be more important influences on successful or unsuccessful adaptation of current and former psychiatric patients to community life than the structural dimensions of social networks more commonly analysed in the literature. The design of a current longitudinal study of social network interactions is presented. The results of two pilot studies that examine social network interactions is presented. The results of two pilot studies that examine social network interactions with data from several community housing programmes in southern Ontario, Canada are reviewed and an agenda is stated for further data collection and analysis.     

1:5万地球化学水系沉积物测量两种采样密度效果对比

本文是广东地区一幅1:5万化探水系沉积物测量的结果。常规的取样密度为4－5点/km²,放稀测网是在常规样品中,每km²抽取一个样品。用同样的方法分析十四种元素并编图,对比两种测网的效果。较稀测网可能遗漏个别的单元素异常,但不会漏掉多元素异常。两种密度测网的单元素异常数量特征、空间分布及所提供的找矿信息相似。     

基于神经网络的地质勘测反分析研究

针对地质勘查中,土的力学参数的确定及土的分类这两类复杂问题,根据反问题理论的基本原理,提出了一种基于回归分析与RBF神经网络结合的新型智能方法,建立了从土的力学参数估计到模型分类的完整智能化分析系统。考虑到土的物理参数测定方法比较简单,且实测变异性小,而力学参数实测变异性大的特点,利用RBF神经网络的数值逼近的特性,建立了神经网络模型来逼近两者之间的函数关系,可以有效地反演力学参数。同时,利用RBF神经网络所具有的模式识别功能,为地质勘察中土层划分提供依据。通过对黄石地区岩土勘查资料的分析与预测表明,该方法简捷有效。     

Modeling and Interpretation of Pressuremeter Test Results with Artificial Neural Networks

In this paper, three types of artificial neural network (ANN) are employed to prediction and interpretation of pressuremeter test results. First, multi layer perceptron neural network is used. Then, neuro-fuzzy network is employed and finally radial basis function is applied. All applied networks have shown favorable performance. Finally, different models have been compared and network with the most outstanding performance in two stages is determined. Contrary to conventional behavioral models, models based neural network do not demonstrate the effect of input parameters on output parameters. This research is response to this need through conducting sensitivity analysis on the optimal structure of proposed models.     

交叉裂隙渗流无网格法初探

作为两相介质的裂隙岩体,裂隙渗流是岩体渗流的主体。由于岩体的网状裂隙用传统的方法难以模拟复杂裂隙系统的水流特征。为此,基于岩体随机裂隙三维网络数值模拟,提取裂隙二维网络,并试用基于移动最小二乘近似的最小二乘法之无网格法来模拟岩体中交叉裂隙的渗流规律,通过自行编制的程序进行了简单示例与工程实例的试算,获得了较好的模拟结果,证实了无网格法模拟岩体裂隙流的可行性。     

不同方法在感潮河段ADCP在线测流系统中应用的比较分析

在水力因素多变的长江下游感潮河段建立ADCP在线测流系统实时采集指标流速,可选用合适的方法推求断面平均流速,从而实现流量的实时报汛和整编。多元线性回归分析和BP神经网络具有原理明晰、实现便捷等特点,为比较以上两种方法在断面平均流速计算中的优劣,以南京水文实验站2014年以来实测数据为例,分析不同情况下两种模型的拟合精度和预测精度。结果表明,两种模型均具有较好的有效性、精确性和稳定性,且拟合精度与模型选用的监测指标有关;对于只采用单一指标流速而言,BP神经网络模型的结果明显优于多元线性回归模型。同时,两种模型都能较好的预测断面平均流速,其中BP神经网络适应更好。     

A neural network approach to geostatistical simulation

Neural networks offer a non-algorithmic approach to geostatistical simulation with the possibility of automatic recognition of correlation structure. The paper gives a brief overview of neural networks and describes a feedforward, back-propagation network for geostatistical simulation. The operation of the network is illustrated with two simple one-dimensional examples which can be followed through with hand calculations to give an insight into the operation of the network. The convergence of the network is described in terms of the variogram calculated from the values at each of the output nodes at each iteration.     

Application of visual,statistical and artificial neural network methods in the differentiation of water from the exploited aquifers in Kuwait

The ability of artificial neural network to differentiate water samples from the two aquifers of Kuwait on the basis of their major ion chemistry has been demonstrated. The major ion concentration distribution in the groundwater of the Kuwait Group and the Dammam Formation aquifers of Kuwait appears very similar. Cross-plots, supported by the discriminant function analysis of the data, however, suggest that there are some subtle differences in the overall composition of the water from the two aquifers that make it possible to differentiate the water from the two aquifers in almost 80% of the cases. An artificial neural network improved the differentiation capability to 90% of the cases. It is also possible to estimate the fraction of Kuwait Group water in the flow stream of dually completed wells with the help of an artificial neural network developed for this purpose. Electronic Publication     

作用在岩体裂隙网络中的渗透力分析

从岩体裂隙网络渗流的特点出发, 以单裂隙渗透力分析为基础, 分析了二维及三维情况下岩体裂隙网络渗流对岩体裂隙壁施加的两种作用力: 垂直于裂隙壁使裂隙产生扩容的法向渗透静水压力以及平行于裂隙壁和裂隙水流方向一致的切向动水压力, 推导出二维及三维情况下裂隙单元因这两种作用力而产生的等效结点力, 并应用算例定量分析了岩体裂隙网络渗透静水压力和动水压力共同作用对岩体应力的影响, 结果显示: (a)渗透力作用下裂隙上部岩体压应力减小, 而裂隙下部岩体压应力增大, 最大压应力增大 10 .5 3%; (b)渗透力作用下裂隙岩体拉应力增大, 最大拉应力增大 9.0 9%; (c)裂隙渗透力使岩体剪应力增大, 最大值达 2 3.75 %。