山西临汾中心地震台地倾斜模拟与数字化观测资料的对比分析

文章介绍了山西临汾中心地震台JB型金属摆倾斜仪和SSQ-21数字化石英摆倾斜仪两种仪器记录的情况,对模拟记录和数字记录的运行率、相关性、稳定性、观测精度等指标进行对比分析,找出数字化与模拟观测的异同点,为进一步搞好数字化观测,提高观测精度,实现数字化与模拟资料的衔接提供参考依据。     

山西离石中心地震台数字倾斜仪资料质量跟踪分析

文章对山西离石中心地震台迁建后,新安装的数字水管倾斜仪、石英水平摆倾斜仪、洞体应变伸缩仪2011年的观测资料进行质量跟踪,得出,仪器观测精度、数据稳定性和可靠性等各方面均达到国家形变I类台的要求,且水管倾斜仪观测精度高于石英水平摆。同时,对影响观测的干扰因素进行分析,并提出改进观测质量的方法。     

山西临汾区域数字地震台的建设

介绍了临汾区域数字地震台的技术系统建设过程、技术构成及成果应用，并将其与同台基模拟观测系统进行了分析对比，结果表明其监测地震的能力以及处理地震的速度明显优于模拟观测系统，山西临汾区域数字地城台的建成将大大提高山西南部对震的快速响应能力。     

溧阳体应变观测资料综合分析

江苏省溧阳体应变自1994年开始观测以来，经历了1994年至2000年以整点值为主的模拟观测，和2001年至今以分钟值为主的数字化观测两个阶段，对这两个观测阶段观测资料变化形态、观测质量和观测精度、潮汐因子中误差、地震波记录能力等参数进行对比研究，同时采用固体潮汐残差矢量分析方法，对溧阳台1996年以来的观测资料进行了计算分析。结果表明：①溧阳台数字化观测和模拟观测资料的形态、观测精度、方差、潮汐因子中误差、相位滞后等参数无显著差异；影响观测资料精度的主要因素是仪器故障、水位、气压、气温等；②溧阳体应变固体潮汐残差矢量对1996年11月9日长江口6．1级地震异常特征明显，映震效果显著。     

北京地磁台天文方位角测量及误差分析

论述了北京地磁台天文方位标志的选点定位、造标埋设、方位角的测量方法。对８个观测墩位一个测点进行了方位角测量。通过计算方位角绝对精度ΔＡ＝２．４９″，平均观测均方差Ｍ＝±１．１４″，相当于三等天文观测精度，能满足地磁偏角６″的精度要求。     

山西及邻区中强地震前断层形变特征及预报指标研究

通过对山西地震带及邻区近年来发生的一系列中强地震前断层位移测量进行处理，综合研究了观测的映震能力，通过分析山西5年来5期GPS观测资料，对水平形变做出了解释，在此基础上，讨论了震前地震形变特征及应力场变化情况，获得了用形变预报中强地震的指标。     

浅析山西临汾中心地震台地电监测地震的能力

对山西临汾中心地震台的台址情况及地电观测环境做了介绍．对影响观测的干扰因素和观测资料的映震能力进行了，分析．认为．山两临汾中心地震台地电观测具有较强的监测地震的能力。     

山西数字地震观测系统建设综述

介绍了山西数字地震观测系统建设的背景及技术构成，通过对山西模拟地城观测系统现状的回顾及分析，指出了数字地震观测系统的优越性，说明模拟系统即将成为历史，取而代这的是数字系统，结合“九五”期间的数字化建设成果，展望了山西地震观测系统的未来。     

山西数字形变台网观测资料分析

山西数字形变台网观测资料从数据完整率、观测精度、噪声水平、映震能力、资料的可用性、存在问题等方面进行综合分析,结果表明:台网布局基本合理,个别仪器设备运行质量与“中国地震前兆台网”的技术要求存在差距,台网总体具有较好的映震能力,但在仪器布设方面存在不足,需合理配备观测设备.     

姑咱台和乡城台VS型垂直摆倾斜仪对比分析

对姑咱台和乡城台Vs型垂直摆倾斜仪的安装观测环境、仪器运行情况、观测资料的连续性、稳定性、可靠性和观测精度、在中国地震局和四川省地震局观测资料评比中名次等方面进行了对比分析,并对造成观测资料连续率下降、标定精度、观测内精度偏低的原因进行了简单的分析,为台站日常的观测工作和仪器维护提供了一些有益的参考。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.