地电阻率变化与孕震过程研究

在分析唐山７．８级地震前后地电阻率异常变化特征的基础上，研究地电阻率异常量△ρ／ρ０与应变的关系，给出了地电阻率异常量△ρｓ／ρ０对应变ε的转换关系式；分析和研究地电阻率异常发展，演变特征与地震孕震，发生过程的联系及其前兆异常标志。     

阳原台地电阻率年变幅增大原因的探讨

分析了阳原台地电阻率ρ＿ｓ年变化的特征及其原因，研究了该台１９８９年后ρ＿ｓ年变幅增大的诸种可能因素，认为大同６．１级地震前后地震活动增强是引起ρ＿ｓ年变幅增大的主要原因。     

唐山地震地电阻率震时突变及前兆标志研究

通过研究唐山７．８级地震ρｓ震时突变现象。发现ρｓ震时突变具有变化幅度显著，空间分布普遍以及与震前ρｓ异常变化性质的相反的似弹性回跳现象等。研究了与ρｓ震时突变有关的震前ρｓ的前兆标志及其特征，用从复杂的ρｓ异常变化中识别和判定与地震有直接关系的地震前兆，对提高地电方法地震水平具有重要的实际意义和应用前景。     

地电阻率异常变化与地震成组活动关系的研究

本文给出了部分地电台ρｓ异常变化与研究区内地震组活动的实例，研究了ρｓ异常变化总体特征和发展演化过程特征与地震发生的关系，以及单次地震可能预报的前兆标志。对地电预报地震特别是首发地震后的震情判断和预报具有实用意义。     

大柏舍地电台映震能力初析

分析了大柏舍地电台１８年的有效观测资料，研究了ρｓ异常变化与周围一定范围内发生的Ｍｓ≥４．０级地震的对应关系，评价了该台的映震能力，结果表明，在所发生的１３次Ｍｓ≥４．０级地震中，有１０次地震前观测到了明显的ρｓ异常变化，其中Ｍｓ≥４．３级地震，都有ρｓ前兆反应，５次５级以上地震尤为显著，表明该台具有较强的映震能力。     

武威地电台映震能力讨论

本文研究了武威地电台周围１５０ｋｍ范围内发生的景泰６．２、门源６．４、天祝西４．７、旦马５．６、雅布赖４．７级地震和共和７．０级地震（△＝２７０ｋｍ）该台地电阻率（ρｓ）变化，结果显示：对于前４次地震，该台ＥＷ道测值出现１０＾－１－１０＾－２量级的ρｓ短临异常，共和和雅布赖地震前后观测到１０＾－１量级的ρｓ短期下降异常。作者研究认为，ρｓ异常可以是该台ＥＷ道探测范围内介质不完整，孕震后期震源力学过     

阳原台的地电阻率异常

对阳原台１９７９年４月至１９９２年６月的ρ＿ｓ月均值，用差值法消除年变以后，突出了正常背景和异常特征。得出消除年变后的ρ＿ｓ月差值，反映台站２２０ｋｍ内５级以上地震的效果是好的结论。     

地电阻率的相干加强分析

本文介绍了相干加强的原理及其在地电阻率分析预报地震中的应用研究，计算了大柏舍台和宝坻台ρ＿ｓ连续几年的资料，结果发现地震前ρ＿ｓ有较为突出的短临异常．     

华东地区近期强震前地电阻率的前兆信息

讨论了自1976年唐山地震后,在华东地区地电阻观测台网范围内发生6级强震前ρ_s异常的时空分布特征。对观测值ρ_s的异常变化与地震活动性、岩石体积应变以及应力降等的关系作了对比。指出它们之间在空间上存在有一致性,且在时间上有同步性。研究结果表明:中强地震前,ρ_s的异常变化与地震活动性有关。这说明在某种程度上,ρ_s异常可视为异常信息。ρ_s异常持续时间较短,幅度较小,异常数目也相对较少,空间分布呈散射状,且异常形态的叠加小于唐山大震前的ρ_s异常叠加值。表明使用ρ_s观测方法预测中强地震比预测强震要困难得多,因此目前最根本的是要提高观测台网的监测能力,增大台网的密度,并通过深入研究震源区周围异常特征、改善观测台站条件来完善地震预报研究。     

关于渡口视电阻率异常的初步解释

一、引言视电阻率(ρ_s)曲线变化常常是多种多样的,引起异常的原因也是极其复杂的,因而对视电阻率异常很难作出肯定判断。82年4月中旬以来,渡口视电阻率产生了十分有趣的异常变化,引起了省内外地震工作者的密切注意。笔者会同渡口中心站的同志赴现场考查后,提出可能是灌水影响的一种解释。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

---

---

Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

---

Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.