黄东海非色素颗粒与黄色物质的吸收系数光谱模型研究

黄色物质和非色素颗粒物是我国近岸水体重要的水色成分,对其光谱特性的了解,直接关系到水色遥感色素算法的精度。文章对2003春季黄东海航次获取的数据分析处理,得到黄色物质吸收系数斜率经验值Sg=0.0175和非色素颗粒物吸收系数斜率经验值Sd=0.0103。经采用2002春季和2003秋季同海区试验数据进行检验,结果表明得到的光谱模型具有较强的区域适用性。     

南黄海和珠江口海区非色素颗粒物光谱吸收特性

文章对南黄海(ST03)和珠江口(ST07)海区不同季节的非色素颗粒物吸收光谱数据进行分析,通过分析404个站位的实测数据,得到非色素颗粒物吸收光谱的特点,结果显示两个海区夏季测量的吸收系数在特征波段(440 nm)的吸收值均小于其他季节测量的吸收值。同时,对非色素颗粒物吸收光谱经验斜率进行分析,ST03夏季Sd=0.009 1 nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 8 nm-1),ST03春季Sd=0.009 6 nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 7 nm-1),ST07夏季Sd=0.008 3 nm-1(标准偏差Sd=0.001 8 nm-1),ST07冬季Sd=0.009 7 nm-1(标准偏差=0.000 9 nm-1)。对获取的经验斜率进行验证,评价其在同一海区不同季节的适应性,结果显示经验斜率的应用效果良好。     

用多层感知器模型由吸收光谱反演浮游植物色素

浮游植物吸收光谱已逐渐成为高光谱水色遥感的可获取参量。文章采用了多层感知器模型, 由珠江口担杆群岛附近水体的浮游植物吸收光谱进行了色素浓度的反演, 感知器的输入量是浮游植物吸收光谱, 输出量分别对应叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素c、光保护类胡萝卜素和非光保护类胡萝卜素五大类主要色素的浓度。分析结果表明, 叶绿素a和叶绿素c估算结果的平均相对偏差比较低, 在测试数据集中两者的偏差分别为19.06%和15.90%; 光保护类胡萝卜素和非光保护类胡萝卜素的估算浓度的相对偏差比较高, 对于测试数据而言, 分别为37.62%和36.96%; 叶绿素b浓度在测试数据集中的估算相对偏差约为27.47%。五大类色素在测试数据集和训练数据集的估算偏差比较接近, 已训练好的多层感知器可用于担杆岛水体中色素信息的反演。同时, 此色素反演方法也为遥感监测水体浮游植物种群动态提供了重要的手段。     

中国近海非色素颗粒物的光学特性

非色素颗粒物是中国近海水体光学特性的重要影响因素。基于在中国近海海洋光学调查中获取的1355个站位的非色素颗粒物吸收系数数据,对非色素颗粒物440nm吸收系数ad(440)及其光谱斜率Sd进行了分析,研究表明:1)在封闭或半封闭海湾以及河口海域的ad(440)较其他海域明显偏大;2)ad(440)占水体440nm总吸收系数at(440)的百分比值分布特点与ad(440)的分布特点一致,即ad(440)越大,其对水体总吸收的贡献越大;3)Sd与ad(440)仅在两个海域表现出一定的弱负相关性,在其他绝大部分海域两者的相关性较弱。     

不同过滤条件下黄色物质的吸收光谱演化特征分析

在实验室对青岛近岸现场水样进行处理、分析,获得了原始状态下水样和被过滤（0.22μm,0.45μm）黄色物质水样的吸收光谱数据,除进一步验证了黄色物质光谱分布模式外,还测得黄色物质光吸收随滤膜孔径的变化。30个现场样品在波长380nm处吸收系数统计平均值^—Ay（380）分析表明,当使用0.45μm过滤器对水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场水样所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约2.1％;而用0.22μm过滤器对现场水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约12．6％,要比用0．45μm过滤器处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约10.3％,这些数据的获得为现有已获黄色物质数据的“归一化”和统一评判以及未来黄色物质测量数据的准确性判断与比较提供了参考。     

胶州湾海洋黄色物质的生化成分分析

在实验室对胶州湾现场水样进行了处理、分析,获得了黄色物质溶液中六种生化成分在胶州湾的水平分布和测定数据,其中测得胶州湾黄色物质溶液中总脂质含量的平均值为21.03mg/dm3,游离氨基酸为1.75mg/dm3,总糖为1.41mg/dm3,氨基多糖为14.23μg/dm3,而胡萝卜素和酚分别为1.13和0.004μg/dm3.黄色物质在胶州湾海水中约为24.20mg/dm3.计算给出了胶州湾黄色物质中总脂质占86.90%,总糖占5.82%,游离氨基酸占7.22%,氨基多糖占0.06%,而胡萝卜素和酚所占比例甚小,与总脂质、氨基酸和总糖相比,约相差几个数量级.分析认为,胶州湾黄色物质以陆源输入为主,其生化成分分布受河流淡水入海流路和湾内环流等影响而被进一步扩散、输送.     

中国近海典型海区黄色物质含量年际变化分析

黄色物质是中国近海水体光学特性的重要影响因素,是海水有机污染情况的指示因子。基于在中国近海海洋光学调查中获取的典型海区多年的黄色物质吸收系数数据,对黄色物质400 nm和440 nm吸收系数进行了分析,研究表明:(1)黄海、珠江口和南海海区黄色物质含量呈多年增加的变化趋势;(2)珠江口海区黄色物质含量最高,黄海次之,南海最低;(3)南海黄色物质含量多年增长的百分比最高,超过了50%。     

秋季和春季黄渤海黄色物质空间分布特征

利用2013年秋季和2014年春季两个季节黄渤海现场数据对黄色物质的水平分布及垂向分布的变化进行研究,并初步分析了其主要控制因素。垂向黄色物质表现为底部高上层低的特征。其中,秋季混合作用加强导致上层40m黄色物质混合较为均匀;春季北黄海温盐跃层已经形成,黄色物质分布开始出现明显的分层现象,上下层浓度差约为2?g/L。春季南黄海盐度跃层尚未形成,水深小于50m的水层黄色物质垂向分布均匀,近岸和远岸海域浓度分界线明显。水平方向上,黄色物质在秋季和春季分布趋势一致,由渤海、北黄海至南黄海浓度依次降低,且呈现出由近岸向中央海区递减的趋势,但整体上春季浓度较秋季明显偏低。海表盐度与黄色物质浓度两者整体上呈现负相关关系,可以将黄色物质浓度分布作为研究黄海暖流走向、划分水团性质的重要指标。     

黄、东海海洋黄色物质的卫星反演

在对物理特性分析的基础上, 建立了黄、东海海域卫星离水辐射率黄色物质反演模式, 并利用2003年4月15日SeaWIFS卫星获得的黄、东海海域离水辐射率(Lw)数据反演给出了黄海中部—东海南部(北起33°52′N, 南到22°00′N; 西起122°36′E, 东止125°28′E)海域的黄色物质分布图。结果分析表明, 研究区给出的黄、东海海域黄色物质吸收系数在0.003—0.13m-1范围内, 与大西洋北海测得的黄色物质吸收系数比较接近, 但明显低于波罗的海和地中海, 更低于世界各地沿海海湾。平均而言, 比在太平洋点测黄色物质吸收系数值高约80%, 达0.09m-1左右。在水平分布上, 黄海海域的黄色物质吸收系数明显高于东海海域, 沿岸水域明显高于远海水域。受长江水系和黄海环流以及沿岸排污等要素的影响, 在长江口以外和黄海中、南部水域及其沿岸附近有明显的高吸收系数值聚集区。同时发现, 在黄海西部沿岸, 由于有较高反射率的高泥沙含量的影响, 对该区黄色物质的反演产生了较大的影响, 特别在苏北沿岸和长江口水域尤其如此。而在韩国、日本西海岸、浙江及福建沿岸水域则比较正常的给出了黄色物质的分布。     

东海原甲藻吸收光谱特性分析

以东海原甲藻为研究对象,通过室内和室外的一系列培养实验.通过对不同生长时期其光吸收特性的变化和不同光强对其光吸收特性的影响进行研究,分析东海原甲藻先吸收特性研究及其爆发的可能机制.结果表明在培养的不同时期东海原甲藻光吸收特性差异明显,在不同光强条件下,当遮光率为77.7%时,最适于东海原甲藻生长.     

Chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficients and pigments of phytoplankton off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific

The variety in shape and magnitude of thein vivo chlorophyll-specific absorption spectra of phytoplankton was investigated in relation to differences in pigment composition off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific. Site-to-site variations of the absorption coefficients,a _ph ^* (λ), and pigment composition were clearly observed. At warm-streamer stations, higher values ofa _ph ^* (440) anda _ph ^* (650) were found with relatively high concentrations of chlorophyllb (a green algae marker). At stations located in the Oyashio water (cold streamer),a _ph ^* (440) values were lower and fucoxanthin (a diatom marker) concentrations were higher, compared to the other stations. The peak in the absorption spectra at the Oyashio stations was shifted toward shorter wavelengths, which was probably due to the presence of phaeopigments. In a Kuroshio warm-core ring, the magnitude ofa _ph ^* (440) was in between those at the warm-streamer and Oyashio stations, and the diagnostic pigment was peridinin (a dinoflagellate marker). These findings indicated that major differences in phytoplankton absorption spectra of each water mass were a result of differences in the phytoplankton pigment composition of each water mass, which was probably related to the phytoplankton community.     

近岸海域光合色素的生物标志作用研究Ⅰ.台湾海峡特征光合色素的分布及其对浮游植物类群结构的指示

１引言 由于高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）的建立,利用光合色素,尤其是类胡萝卜素作为区分浮游植物类群的指示物,成为更方便和有效的化学分类法［１,２］．原因是色素能够很好地进行定量,可涵盖浮游植物的全部粒级范围;而且,适用于大批量样品的分析,甚至可实现现场的船上测定．海洋浮游植物光合色素的研究,比较多地集中在开放大洋,多为利用类胡萝卜素表征浮游植物的类群结构［３－５］;或以光合色素及其降解产物作为浮游植物参与的生物地球化学过程的生物标志物［６－８］．相比较而言,在近岸、陆架海域开展的此类研究较少,且多…     

Summer phytoplankton pigments and community composition related to water mass properties in the Gulf of Gabes

Variations in phytoplankton pigments and community composition were examined in the Gulf of Gabes in relationship to water mass properties, characterised by the influence of the Modified Atlantic Water and by the thermal stratification. Data were collected on board the R/V Hannibal during July 2005.Distinct water masses were identified using cluster analysis of temperature–salinity (T–S) characteristics. Three major clusters appeared based on the combined effects of temperature and salinity. The first cluster was identified as the cool and less salty bottom Modified Atlantic Water (MAW). The warmer and saltier Mediterranean Mixed Water (MMW) represented the second cluster. The third cluster was the Transition Water (TW) separating the two previous clusters.The pigment and taxonomic composition of these water masses were examined. Chlorophyll a was rather low (<200 ng l⁻¹). Chlorophyll b was generally the most abundant accessory pigment and fucoxanthin dominated the accessory pigments in the MAW. Proportions of chlorophyll a associated with different phytoplankton classes were estimated using CHEMTAX software, and did not present significant variations among water groups. The results pointed out variations in the relative contribution of each phytoplankton taxa in each station group. Chlorophytes and prasinophytes accounted for 65% of chlorophyll a in the MMW. Diatoms and chlorophytes were relatively abundant in the MAW contributing to almost 63% of chlorophyll a. An unstructured community, slightly dominated by prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cryptophytes, characterised the TW. Different trophic statuses were observed in these water masses, the MMW and the MAW being characterised by mesotrophy, while an oligotrophy was observed in the TW. Nutrient availability, particularly the P-limitation supported by the summer stratification, as revealed by the high N:P ratio (greater than 20), seems to enhance the development of small-sized phytoplankton, thereby supporting the regenerated production.     

南黄海浮游植物与水色透明度之间相关关系的研究

本文根据 １９９５ 年 ９ 月在南黄海获取的资料,分析和讨论了该水域浮游植物现存量（叶绿素 ａ （ Ｃ Ｈ ））、初级生产力（ Ｐ Ｐ） 和海水光学参数（透明度（ Ｓ Ｔ））、水色（ Ｗ Ｃ）） 之间的相关关系。分析结果表明,夏末秋初南黄海 Ｃ Ｈ 与 Ｐ Ｐ, Ｃ Ｈ 与 Ｗ Ｃ 和 Ｐ Ｐ 与 Ｗ Ｃ 以及悬浮物（ Ｓ Ｓ） 与 Ｗ Ｃ 之间均有良好的正相关关系。相关式分别为： Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ２２５１９ｌｎ（ Ｃ Ｈ ） ＋ ４８８９１ 或 Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ５ Ｅ－ ０５ Ｃ Ｈ １６４６４（ Ｒ２ ＝ ０７０３７）; Ｗ Ｃ ＝ ４０３ｌｎ（ Ｃ Ｈ ） ＋ ８９７６８ 或 Ｗ Ｃ ＝ ７１３０６ Ｃ Ｈ ０４７４７ （ Ｒ２ ＝０７９２１）; Ｃ Ｈ ＝ １５４３７ｌｎ（ Ｓ Ｓ） ＋ １３６４７ 或 Ｃ Ｈ ＝ ０７４９９ Ｓ Ｓ１２５２（ Ｒ２ ＝ ０７２２３）; Ｐ Ｐ ＝３３２８６ｌｎ Ｓ Ｓ＋ １５２２２ 或 Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ３３０２９ Ｓ Ｓ０５６９４ （ Ｒ２ ＝ ０５４７６）; Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ４２５８８ｌｎ（ Ｗ Ｃ） － ３７０７１或 Ｐ Ｐ ＝ ６６５１２ Ｗ Ｃ０８６６５（ Ｒ２ ＝ ０６７３１） 以 及 Ｓ Ｓ ＝ １４０１９ｌｎ（ Ｗ Ｃ） － １３３６３      

西赤道太平洋暖池区光合色素分布及其对浮游植物群落的指示作用

利用光合色素的生物标志性可以在"纲"水平上表征浮游植物群落结构。依托大洋科学考察第20航次和21航次,通过对西赤道太平洋不同区域5个站位的HPLC藻类色素分析及CHEMTAX程序因子分析,获取了暖池区光合色素及浮游植物群落的垂直分布信息。结果显示在寡营养的暖池区,玉米黄素(Zeaxanthin)及乙二烯叶绿素a(DV Chl a)与叶绿素a浓度呈显著的正相关,浮游植物群落结构以蓝细菌、原绿球藻及定鞭金藻为优势藻纲,按对生物量的贡献率原绿球藻大于蓝细菌大于定鞭金藻的。蓝细菌和原绿球藻分布在真光层不同深度,而在营养盐丰富的次表层优势浮游藻类为定鞭金藻。     

液质联用技术在测定浮游植物色素与粒级分类中的应用

本研究为探讨液质联用技术在测定黄海浮游植物特征色素含量与粒级分类中应用的可行性,在黄海47个站位取表、中、底三层水样进行了分析,对比了超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)和超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)两种仪器的色素检测结果。研究发现UHPLC-MS/MS的灵敏度更高,但多数情况下两种方法检测结果吻合度较好,均适用于黄海色素样品的测定。叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度和浮游植物粒级结构空间分析结果显示,山东半岛近岸和长江口东北侧海域,Chl a浓度较高,小型浮游植物占优势;黄海冷水团海域,Chl a浓度较低,微型和微微型浮游植物比例明显升高。该航次的Chl a绝对浓度和不同粒径浮游植物的贡献率与历史数据相比存在一定差异,这与调查时间、站位以及粒级分析方法的差异有关,需进一步比较研究。     

The relationship between volatile halocarbons and phytoplankton pigments during a Trichodesmium bloom in the coastal eastern Arabian Sea

Eukaryotic phytoplankton such as diatoms and prymnesiophytes produce biogenic halocarbons in the ocean that serve as important sources of chlorine and bromine to the atmosphere, but the role of cyanobacteria in halocarbon production is not well established. We studied distributions of chloroform (CHCl₃), carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), methylene bromide (CH₂Br₂) and bromoform (CHBr₃) in relation to phytoplankton composition, determined from pigment analysis complemented by microscopic examination, for one month in coastal waters of the eastern Arabian that experienced a Trichodesmium bloom that typically occurs during the Spring Intermonsoon season. High concentrations of zeaxanthin (23 μg l⁻¹), alpha beta betacarotene (6 μg l⁻¹) and chlorophyll a (67 μg l⁻¹) were found within the bloom whereas the marker pigment concentrations were low outside the bloom. CHCl₃ and CCl₄ occurred in relatively high concentrations in surface waters whereas CH₂Br₂ and CHBr₃ were restricted to the subsurface layer. Chlorinated halocarbons were positively inter-correlated and with CHBr₃. The observed spatial and temporal trends in brominated compounds appear to be related to the abundance of Trichodesmium although correlations between concentrations of brominated compounds with various marker pigments were poor and statistically non-significant. The results support the existence of multiple sources and sinks of halogenated compounds, which might obscure the relationship between halocarbons and phytoplankton composition.