末次盛冰期以来全球湿润状况的地质证据——全球古湖泊数据库及其湖…

介绍了正在建设中的全球湖泊数据库的情况，以及该数据库的不位资料所反央的是更新世末期以来全球湿润状况的变化，通过大尺度湖水位变化的时空分析，结果显示当今湖泊水湖泊水位较高，自末次盛期以来，北美大陆中南部地区湖泊水位自高至低，反映出该地区气候条件由湿变干，至早，中全新世达最干旱，而在非洲及南亚季风地区，冷期偏干，暖期偏湿，特别是在早，中全新世的温暖时期，为历史上最湿润时期，北半球中纬度地带的气候干湿变     

呼伦湖地区扎赉诺尔晚第四纪湖泊沉积物的磁化率变化及其影响因素

呼伦湖盆地扎赉诺尔晚第四纪湖泊沉积物为砂,泥质碎屑沉,地东露天矿剖面沉积物样品进行了低,高频磁化率测量,粒度分析,磁性矿物成分鉴定和Al2O3 ,Fe2O3含量分析,分析表明,磁铁矿是沉积物磁化率的主要贡献者,全铁含量控制了磁化率值的变化,磁化率与沉积物粒度呈负相关,进一步讨论认为,磁性矿物主要为粉砂－粘土级碎屑,集中分布在细粒沉积物中,因此造成其率较高,砂质沉积物中频率磁化率较高,其原因可能是其中的磁性颗粒比粉砂一粘土级沉积物中的磁性颗粒更细一些。     

湖泊数据库数据结构详析

湖泊数据库为湖泊科学定量化研究、宏观决策分析提供了丰富的基础数据。对于如何提取数据库信息，为应用目的服务，必须了解湖泊数据库数据结构。本文概略地描述了湖泊数据信息种类，分析了湖泊空间信息和非空间信息的数据结构，尤其对关系数据库数据文件作了详细剖析，给出了调用数据文件的Ｃ语言源程序。     

福建沿海晚第四纪的地壳运动

利用地表露头剖面和钻孔剖面资料，阐述了福建沿海晚第四纪地壳运动的特征，指出该地区晚更新世期间发生了幅度较大的下降运动，全新世以来，沿海盆地、平原和海湾继续下降，其余地区则显著上升。福建沿海的盆地、平原和海湾的形成、发育常受到北东和北西向两组断裂的控制。阐明这些地区晚第四纪的地壳运动对于研究断裂的活动性、地震预测预报以及重大工程的区域稳定性评价均有重要意义。     

滇东北会泽—者海断裂晚第四纪活动特征

会泽—者海断裂位于川滇交界地点,总体走向NEE,倾向NW,倾角60°—80°。本文通过卫星影像解译、地形地貌、断错地层及探槽开挖等对断裂的空间展布和活动性进行详细的调查研究。研究表明:会泽—者海断裂晚第四纪活动较强烈,该断裂控制着会泽、者海等第四纪盆地的发展及演化。根据探槽剖面和样品年代测试,揭露了一次古地震事件,最新一次古地震事件的时间应该在（12190±30）—（13730±40）a.B.P.之间。      

福州盆地晚第四纪地层划分及古环境分析

基于福州盆地古田路附近 2个试验钻孔所揭示的地层岩性的系统分析和 2孔 4 3个热释光样品的年龄结果 ,以及对其中 1个钻孔 72个孢粉样品的系统分析结果 ,对钻孔所揭示地层的沉积相和沉积时序进行了讨论 ,划分了地层的沉积时代 ,恢复了沉积物沉积时的古气候环境     

珠江三角洲晚第四纪垂直构造运动速率

根据珠江三角洲 16 6个第四纪古三角洲沉积物的测年数据 ,在扣除了古海平面变化、沉积层的压实效应和地壳静力均衡沉降等非构造因素的影响后 ,估算出晚第四纪以来三角洲地区的垂直构造运动速率。估算按北东、近东西和北西向 3组断裂所切截的 11个断块构造区分别进行。结果表明 ,位于三角洲南部的斗门断块和中部的广州 -番禺断块的活动速率相对较高 ,这个特征得到了三角洲晚第四纪古地理演变、断层活动年代学和地震活动研究的初步验证     

大凉山断裂带北段东支——竹马断裂晚第四纪活动性

大凉山断裂带是川滇菱形活动块体东边界的重要组成部分,其活动习性和滑动速率对于了解青藏高原东南缘的块体运动和构造变形具有重要的理论意义,同时对于该地区地震危险性评价和地震中长期预测有着重要的应用价值。大凉山断裂带由6条分支断裂构成,竹马断裂是其北段的一条分支。文中在详细野外调查的基础上,通过典型构造地貌的高精度GPS测量和断错时间的约束,得出竹马断裂是一条以左旋走滑为主的全新世活动断裂,全新世以来的水平滑动速率为1.5~3.1mm/a;利用古地震探槽揭示出竹马断裂的2次古地震事件时间分别为(50.3±5.7)~30ka BP和30~(17.4±1.2)ka BP。考虑到断裂带北段还存在一条与竹马断裂平行的分支断裂——公益海断裂,大凉山断裂带北段的滑动速率与南段基本一致。鲜水河-小江断裂系中段在大凉山断裂带上分配的滑动速率与并行的安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带也大体相当,断裂系中段的滑动速率之和与南北两段的速率大致吻合。大凉山断裂带的存在使断裂系在几何上成为一个完整的弧形构造,也弥补了中段滑动速率的亏损,使各段的滑动保持协调一致。此外,沿竹马断裂大量发育的冲洪积台地,根据沉积特征和测年结果,认为是新仙女木事件后末次冰消期的冰川融水形成的冰水堆积,类似的地貌面可能广泛分布于青藏高原东南缘。     

research on characteristics of late quaternary activity of the jiangsu segment of anqiu-juxian fault in the tanlu fault zone

Anqiu-Juxian Fault is an important fault in the Tanlu fault zone, with the highest seismic risk, the most recent activity date, and the most obvious surface traces. Due to lack of credible geological evidences, there is big controversy on the Holocene activity in the Jiangsu segment of this fault. Research on the characteristics of late Quaternary activity in the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, particularly its latest activity time, is of great significance to assessment of its earthquake ability and seismic risk. Based on field investigations on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, and combining with the results of fault activities identification on this fault in Suqian City, we discussed the characteristics of its activities in late Quaternary. Multiple geological sections we found in this study and the results of fault activities identification in Suqian City all indicate that there was an ancient seismic event occurring in middle period of Holocene in the segment from southern Maling Mountain to Suqian City; but the trench at Houchen village did not show any evidence of Holocene activity on the Chonggangshan segment of this fault. Based on method of shallow seismic exploration, we carried out a systematic exploration of this fault to get its accurate position and activity characteristics. The results show that Anqiu-Juxian Fault in Suqian City is mainly characterized by dextral strike-slip, associated with both thrusting and extensional movement in different positions. A series of low hills were formed along the fault in the north of Suqian City, and a small graben basin was formed in the south of Suqian City, both are controlled by the dextral strike-slip movement of this fault. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault in general is characterized by dextral strike-slip with thrusting movement. But some parts of it are characterized by dextral strike-slip with extensional movement. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault experienced a number of activities since the late Quaternary, with an obvious activity in Holocene. The seismic activities of Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault have the characteristic of high intensity and low frequency. Its activities decrease gradually from north to south as a whole.     

基于TCP/IP协议的前兆数据管理软件

为了实现地震前兆数据向中国地震局的报送、数据及时录入SQL数据库,本文介绍了一种前兆数据管理方案,并且在TCP／IP协议上使用VB编写了软件,介绍了程序编写的主要方法。     

Tectonic and climatic controls on late Quaternary bajada sedimentation along Narmada-Son Fault(NSF),Gujarat,Western India

An alluvial bajada has been recognized along a part of the active Narmada-Son Fault(NSF) and confined by the Karjan River on the eastern side and by the Madhumati River on western side.The bajada sequence exposed along the incised cliffs of various north flowing parallel streams has been studied in their proximal,medial and distal part. The sediments are characterized on the basis of grain size,fabric,sedimentary structures,bed geometry and sorting, and lithologs prepared from the mapped cliff sections.Detailed study of sedimentary characteristics,lithofacies analysis and facies associations indicate that sediments are mainly of three types-sediments that were deposited by debris flows and sediment gravity flows,and as extensive bar deposits.Three major aggredational sequences are recognized.Each sequence is composed of coarsening-upward sequence of proximal facies overlain by fining-upward sequence of distal facies.Coarsening upward sequence record periods of tectonic activity related to uplift along the NSF and fan progradation,whereas fining-upward sequence results from tectonic quiescence periods.The presence of rhizocretions,calcium carbonate nodules and calcite sheets within the basal debris flow and sediment gravity flow indicate semi-arid climate,whereas the formation of pedoginized paleosol indicate relatively wetter climate prevailing in the study area.Tectonic activity along the NSF has played dominant role by controlling the geometry and volume of bajada sediments.Climate is found to be responsible for compositional and temporal distribution of bajada sediments.OSL dating suggests that the bajada sediments were deposited during the later part of late Pleistocene.The incision of the sediments is attributed to uplift due to inversion of the lower Narmada basin during the early Holocene.     

基于GNSS的再分析资料对流层延迟精度评估

对流层延迟对导航定位精度有着重要的影响,而再分析资料提供的高精度气象参数计算的对流层延迟可应用于定位过程中以提升定位精度.本文针对三种再分析资料计算的对流层延迟进行精度评估,并将其应用在精密单点定位中,分析其对定位精度的影响.首先,利用2020年全球范围内125个IGS (International GNSS Service)站的对流层天顶总延迟(Zenith Total Delay,ZTD)作为真值对三种再分析资料(ERA5、MERRA2、CRA40)计算的ZTD进行了精度评估,并分析其时空分布特性.研究结果表明：ERA5-ZTD的均方根误差(RMS)最小(12.1 mm),其次为CRA40-ZTD (15.8 mm)和MERRA2-ZTD (16.9 mm),整体上ERA5-ZTD的精度最高;据所选的IGS站点的比较结果发现赤道平均偏差(BIAS)呈现负值,在中高纬度地区CRA40的精度优于MERRA2,在低纬度地区则相反,而ERA5在各纬度平均精度均为最优;当考虑季节因素时,三者计算的ZTD-RMS在夏秋季较大,其中ERA5的RMS季节变化最稳定.之后还利用180个探空站点对三者计算的ZTD、天顶干延迟(Zenith Hydrostatic Delay,ZHD)、天顶湿延迟(Zenith Wet Delay,ZWD)进行了进一步精度评估,ERA5、MERRA2、CRA40的年均ZTD-RMS分别为13.2,18.7,14.9 mm.而年均ZHD-RMS分别为8.2,8.5,8.2 mm,差异较小,年均ZWD-RMS分别为9.3,14.6,11.6 mm,变化较大.最后,使用ERA5、MERRA2、CRA40计算的ZTD进行精密单点定位实验,结果显示,相对于Saastamoinen模型,其在N方向分别提升了59%、56%、47%、E方向提升了51%、47%、41%、U方向提升了81%、78%、75%.总体而言,ERA5对流层延迟精度在各方面表现均为最优.

     

Toward a global ocean data assimilation system based on ensemble optimum interpolation: altimetry data assimilation experiment

A global ocean data assimilation system based on the ensemble optimum interpolation (EnOI) has been under development as the Chinese contribution to the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment. The system uses a global ocean general circulation model, which is eddy permitting, developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this paper, the implementation of the system is described in detail. We describe the sampling strategy to generate the stationary ensembles for EnOI. In addition, technical methods are introduced to deal with the requirement of massive memory space to hold the stationary ensembles of the global ocean. The system can assimilate observations such as satellite altimetry, sea surface temperature (SST), in situ temperature and salinity from Argo, XBT, Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO), and other sources in a straightforward way. As a first step, an assimilation experiment from 1997 to 2001 is carried out by assimilating the sea level anomaly (SLA) data from TOPEX/Poseidon. We evaluate the performance of the system by comparing the results with various types of observations. We find that SLA assimilation shows very positive impact on the modeled fields. The SST and sea surface height fields are clearly improved in terms of both the standard deviation and the root mean square difference. In addition, the assimilation produces some improvements in regions where mesoscale processes cannot be resolved with the horizontal resolution of this model. Comparisons with TAO profiles in the Pacific show that the temperature and salinity fields have been improved to varying degrees in the upper ocean. The biases with respect to the independent TAO profiles are reduced with a maximum magnitude of about 0.25°C and 0.1 psu for the time-averaged temperature and salinity. The improvements on temperature and salinity also lead to positive impact on the subsurface currents. The equatorial under current is enhanced in the Pacific although it is still underestimated after the assimilation.     

佘山地磁台百年磁暴(二)——极大磁暴分析

本文是佘山地磁台百年磁暴的第二部分,对其极大磁暴（主相ΔH≥400 nT）进行分析.通过与其他三组由不同地磁活动指数定义的极大磁暴对比,表明佘山台用主相幅度差对极大磁暴的定义与之基本相符.同时结合几个典型磁暴,对磁暴与太阳风、行星际磁场和电离层之间的关系进行了讨论.     

福州地震台电磁辐射观测资料映震效能分析

利用福州地震台电磁辐射1999年以来观测资料,研究福建省内4级以上地震,中国台湾6级以上地震电磁辐射接收的异常信息,找出震前有震异常次数及有震无异常次数,从而得出福州电磁辐射观测资料的映震效能。     

三维电阻率测深数据Zohdy近似反演方法

Zohdy方法近似反演三维电阻率测深数据。正演计算采用有限单元法。反演初始模型由测量视电阻率数据给出。通过比较实测视电阻率值和预测模型计算的视电阻率值对数差来修改模型网格电阻率．为了解决任意电极距测深数据的反演,采用大、小双网格剖分。大网格反映地下电性分布情况。小网格用于实际有限元正演计算．在电阻率调整公式中加入一个迭代系数,能够加快收敛速度．并对加5％随机噪声的模型理论视电阻率测深断面数据进行反演,得到的电阻率分布与模型电阻率基本一致．     

地倾斜年变形态改变分析

2006年在清理核实云南省地震前兆观测数据过程中,发现澄江地震局水平摆仪2002年的观测数据与前后两年的差异较大,经过逐一落实,找出差异大的原因,揭示数据处理的重要性。     

姑咱台SS-Y伸缩仪数字化观测数据异常分析

以姑咱地震台SS-Y伸缩仪2007年至2013年12月的日均值资料作为研究对象,分析日均值资料的年变特征;对2007年以来甘孜藏族自治州及邻区发生的几次中强地震前SS-Y仪的异常变化进行了分析研究,对该观测项数字化资料的映震能力获得了初步认识,有利于挖掘数字化资料中的地震前兆异常信息。