西藏盐湖及其水系中的痕量金属

于1978年采集了西藏高原26个盐湖、6条河流、10处泉水及3地盐湖区的大气降水的水样,以ZCP等离子光谱仪测定所采水样中Fe,Mn,Al,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni,Cr等痕量金属含量,结果表明,1.盐湖水及河流、泉水和大气降水等水系中的痕量金属均高度富集,但以盐湖水的最大;盐湖水中各痕量金属富集程度不一,其顺序:Pb>Mn>Cr>Fe>Zn>Cu>Al>Ni。2.区域出露的岩性、气候、湖盆及水文等为盐湖水中富集痕量金属创造了有利条件。3.高痕量金属浓度的河流、泉水及大气降水是控制和影响盐湖水中痕量金属富集的主要的直接因素。4.盐湖水的矿化度、pH及水化学类型也影响着水中痕量金属的富集。     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF ABYSSAL SEDIMENT IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN

The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn in the seaiment associated with manganese nodules from the Northern Central Pacific Ocean and in their acid-soluble fractions were determined and correlations among the elements and between the trace metals and environmental parameters were discussed. It has been found that the contents of Mn, Cu and Ni in the sediment are one order of magnitude higher than those in the common sediment. As shown in the manganese nodules, they may mainly derive from seabed. The contents of all trace metals in the sediment are obviously governed by Fe-and Mn-oxides, organic matter, seawater depth, particle size and Eh. Multi-element correlation equations were developed for all trace metals. The trace metals in acid-soluble fraction of the sediment were also much higher than ihose of common sediment and negatively correlated with water depth, implying the possible influence of carbonate speciation.     

The distribution of zinc,nickel, manganese,cadmium, copper,and iron in some surface waters from the world ocean

Determinations of Zn, Ni, Mn, Cd, Cu, and Fe have been carried out on 51 near-shore and 38 open-ocean surface seawaters from various regions of the World Ocean.The concentrations of the trace metals have been established in the open-ocean waters, and have been used as “baselines” to evaluate trace-metal enhancement in near-shore regions. The factors by which the trace metals are enriched in near-shore regions vary from one element to another and, according to the highest concentration factors found, decrease in the order Zn = Mn > Cd = Cu = Ni.These elements exhibit differences in their distributions between near-shore and open-ocean waters, and they have been divided into two types on this basis: Type I, in which the largest number of samples in both shelf and open-ocean waters lie in the same concentration range. Zinc, cadmium, and copper are Type I elements. Type 2, in which the largest number of samples of near-shore waters lie in a higher concentration range than the largest number of samples of open-ocean waters. Nickel and manganese are Type 2 elements.The concentrations of Mn, Cd and Zn are similar in open-ocean surface waters from the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean, but Cu and Ni have higher concentrations in the former ocean.There is considerable variation in the concentrations of the trace metals in near-shore surface waters from various regions of the World Ocean. These variations are discussed in detail.     

Trace element concentrations in Coastal Hawaiian waters

The objective of this work is to characterize the concentrations of selected trace elements (V, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, As, Mo, Cd, Pb, U) in diverse nearshore (50 m), coastal (1.5 km) and seawater well environments within the Hawaiian Archipelago using robust analytical methods that are appropriate for metals analyses in seawater. The sampling sites include locations having varying type, quality and quantity of freshwater input. In most coastal and nearshore cases, the trace element concentrations approximate values characteristic of offshore waters. Concentrations of trace elements in coastal waters that were enriched through either urban or agricultural inputs declined sharply within a short distance from shore; this is taken to indicate the predominant importance of physical mixing/advective processes along with particle scavenging in these dynamic areas. Trace element levels in seawater wells did not evidence any concentration trends consistent with island age suggesting little or no impact of island weathering on metal concentrations; concentration differences among wells appeared to be more dependent on well depth, redox conditions, and/or salinity. Sampling also targeted nearshore locales where ciguatera fish poisoning is prominent because of suggested linkages between trace element concentrations and aberrant dinoflagellate growth. Nearshore stations where ciguatera is prevalent failed to show clearly different trace element levels except for two prominent locales which showed elevated Mn and Fe concentrations.     

茎柔鱼眼睛晶体微量元素地理差异及其与水温关系

本研究以2015年和2017年我国远洋鱿钓渔船在东南太平洋的厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和智利公海生产时采集的茎柔鱼眼睛晶体为研究材料,采用LA-ICPMS测定了眼睛晶体外缘的微量元素,比较微量元素地理区域间差异,分析微量元素浓度与茎柔鱼栖息水温的关系。结果显示,厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和智利公海的茎柔鱼眼睛晶体外缘Mg25、Ni60 、Cu63、Sr88和Ba137等元素在3个海区之间存在显著差异(p<0.05),Na23、Al27、Si29、P31、Ca43、Mn55、Zn66和Pb等元素在两两海区之间均不存在显著差异(p>0.05)。除了Sr88、Ba137、Fe57和Ni60与海表面温度呈显著的线性负相关,其他元素与海表面温度均无显著的相关关系。分析认为,Sr88、Ba137、Fe57和Ni60均可以看作茎柔鱼生活水温的指示元素,Ba137元素还可以看作茎柔鱼生活水深以及上升流的指示元素。研究认为,眼睛晶体微量元素可用于头足类栖息环境的重建。     

中国对虾体内几种重要无机元素的含量

用原子吸收分光光度技术和比色法测定了不同体长的对虾,包括亲虾及不同组织中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn、Fe和P的含量。除Mn以外,上述元素在对虾整体的含量随着体长的增加呈规律性的变化。值得注意的是,微量元素cu在对虾中的含量相当高,特别是在内脏中的含量非常高,因此存研制人工配合饵料时应注意是否会出现缺铜的问题。     

Particulate trace element fluxes in the deep northeast Atlantic Ocean

Particulate fluxes of trace elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Ti, V and Zn) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (three positions at latitudes from 33°N to 54°N along ∼20°W) were measured using time-series sediment traps between March 1992 and September 1994. Significant variabilities of fluxes with season and depth (1000 m to maximum of 4000 m) were observed only for ‘biogenic elements’, such as Cd, Ni, Zn or P. On the other hand, we found a distinct large-scale increase of fluxes into the deep-sea traps to the south for Al, Co, Fe, Mn and V. We attribute this latitudinal gradient to the increasing influence of the Saharan dust plume. The biogenic flux decreased towards the south. This trend was clearly visible for Cd and P only. The fluxes of other ‘nutrient-like’ elements, such as Ni or Zn, exhibited a general decrease between 53°N and 33°N. We compared our sedimentation flux data with published data from the western North Atlantic basins. For this purpose we corrected the deep-sea fluxes of Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn for their lithogenic fractions on the basis of Al, with average crustal material and granitic rocks as references. The comparison indicates that these ‘excess’ fluxes are a factor of at least 2 higher in the western basins for the selected elements. Estimated fluxes are in good agreement with reported atmospheric deposition in the two areas. The noted imbalance between the non-lithogenic atmospheric input of Mn and the determined ‘excess flux’ in the deep northeast Atlantic indicates an additional input in the form of a lateral flux of dissolved Mn(II) species and scavenging onto sinking particles. With respect to the mechanism of sedimentation, a unique behaviour is noticed for the refractory elements Co, Fe, Mn, Ti and V, which were found to correlate with the vertical transport of Al (clay). The ‘excess’ fluxes of Cu, Ni and Zn are linearly related to C_org, whereas the overall relation of Cd to P fluxes exhibits a molar Cd/P ratio of 2.0×10^-4, which is close to the ratio in the dissolved fractions in the northeast Atlantic.     

The distribution of Mn,Fe, Zn,Cd and Cu in Baltic seawater; a study on the basis of one anchor station

A total of 150 samples were collected at a 10-days' anchor station in the Bornholm basin (55° 31.1′N, 15° 32.1′E) and analyzed for dissolved (< 0.4 μm) and particulate trace metals. For dissolved Mn, large gradients have been found in the vertical distribution with minimum concentrations (< 0.2 μgl^?1) in the halocline zone and considerably higher values in the deep waters (up to 50 μgl^?1). Ultrafiltration studies indicate that dissolved Mn is probably present as Mn²⁺ in the oxygenated bottom layer. The primary production process was not evident in the particulate Mn profile; the suspended particulate material (SPM), however, shows a considerable enrichment with depth, apparently due to Mn-oxide precipitation.The distribution of dissolved Fe was rather homogeneous, with average concentrations throughout the water column between 0.86 and 1.1 μgl^?1, indicating that the oxidation of Fe²⁺ ions released from the sediments must already be complete in the very near oxidation boundary layer. Relatively high concentrations of particulate Fe were actually measured in the bottom layer, with the maximum mean of 11.2 μgl^?1 at 72 m. Similarly to Mn, the profile of particulate Fe does not reflect the SPM curve of the eutrophic layer. On average, about 70% of the total Fe in surface waters was found to be particulate.The average concentrations of dissolved Zn, Cd and Cu were found to be rather homogeneous in the water column but showed a relatively high variability with time. A simplified model on trace-metal uptake by phytoplankton indicates no significant change in dissolved metal concentrations during the period of investigation. On average, only 1.7% Zn, 3.3% Cd and 9.8% Cu of the total metal concentrations were found in particulate form. SPM analyses showed significant correlations of Zn, Cd and Cu with Fe, indicating that particulate iron is an important carrier for particulate trace metals in Baltic waters.     

Behaviors of dissolved and particulate Co,Ni, Cu,Zn, Cd and Pb during a mesoscale Fe-enrichment experiment (SEEDS II) in the western North Pacific

During mesoscale Fe enrichment (SEEDS II) in the western North Pacific ocean, we investigated dissolved and particulate Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in seawater from both field observation and shipboard bottle incubation of a natural phytoplankton assemblage with Fe addition. Before the Fe enrichment, strong correlations between dissolved trace metals (Ni, Zn and Cd) and PO₄³⁻, and between particulate trace metals (Ni, Zn and Cd) and chlorophyll-a were obtained, suggesting that biogeochemical cycles mainly control the distributions of Ni, Zn and Cd in the study area. Average concentrations of dissolved Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the surface mixed layer (0–20 m) were 70 pM, 4.9, 2.1, 1.6, 0.48 nM and 52 pM, respectively, and those for the particulate species were 1.7 pM, 0.052, 0.094, 0.46, 0.037 nM and 5.2 pM, respectively. After Fe enrichment, chlorophyll-a increased 3 fold (up to 3 μg L⁻¹) during developing phases of the bloom (<12 days). Mesozooplankton biomass also increased. Particulate Co, Ni, Cu and Cd inside the patch hinted at an increase in the concentrations, but there were no analytically significant differences between concentrations inside and outside the patch. The bottle incubation with Fe addition (1 nM) showed an increase in chlorophyll-a (8.9 μg L⁻¹) and raised the particulate fraction up to 3–45% for all the metals, accompanying changes in Si/P, Zn/P and Cd/P. These results suggest that Fe addition lead to changes in biogeochemical cycling of trace metals. The comparison between the mesoscale Fe enrichment and the bottle incubation experiment suggests that although Fe was a limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton, the enhanced biomass of mesozooplankton also limited the growth of phytoplankton and the transformation of trace metal speciation during the mesoscale Fe enrichment. Sediment trap data and the elemental ratios taken up by phytoplankton suggest that export loss was another reason that no detectable change in the concentrations of particulate trace metals was observed during the mesoscale Fe enrichment.     

Fish scales in sediments from off Callao,central Peru

We study fish scales as a proxy of fish abundance and preservation biases together with phosphorus from fish remains (P_fish) in a sediment core retrieved off Callao, Peru (12°1′S, 77°42′W; water depth=179 m; core length=52 cm). We interpret our results as a function of changing redox conditions based on ratios of redox-sensitive trace elements (Cu/Al, Mo/Al, Ni/Al, Zn/Al, V/Al), terrigenous indicators (Fe in clays, Ti, Al), and biogenic proxies (CaCO₃, biogenic opal, total nitrogen, organic carbon, barite Ba). The core covers roughly 700 years of deposition, based on ²¹⁰Pb activities extrapolated downcore and ¹⁴C dating at selected intervals. Our fish-scale record is dominated by anchovy (Engraulis ringens) scales followed by hake (Merluccius gayii) scales.The core presented an abrupt lithological change at 17 cm (corresponding to the early 19th century). Above that depth, it was laminated and was more organic-rich (10–15% organic carbon) than below, where the core was partly laminated and less organic-rich (<10%). The lithological shift coincides with abrupt changes in dry bulk density and in the contents of terrigenous and redox-sensitive trace elements, biogenic proxies, and fish scales. The remarkable increase in redox-sensitive trace elements in the upper 17 cm of the core suggests more reducing conditions when compared with deeper and older horizons, and is interpreted as an intensification of the oxygen minimum zone off Peru beginning in the early 19th century. Higher fish-scale contents and higher P_fish/P_total ratios were also observed within the upper 17 cm of the core. The behavior of biogenic proxies and redox-sensitive trace elements was similar; more reduced conditions corresponded to higher contents of CaCO₃, C_org, total nitrogen and fish scales, suggesting that these proxies might convey an important preservation signal.     

Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast

The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators.     

Geochemistry of eastern Mediterranean sediments: Primary sediment composition and diagenetic alterations

Two cores recovered in the eastern Mediterranean were analysed for major, minor and trace elements. The primary chemical composition of the sediment is different at each location, probably because the lithological sources and the relative biogenic contributions differ.

Carbonates are important for the concentration of Ca, Mg and Sr, whereas aluminosilicates determine the concentration of Si, Al, K, Li, Y and Be, and to a lesser extent that of Fe, Cr, Ti, Mg, Zn and Zr. In sapropels, organic carbon and sulphur seem to be closely related. Bromine, Mo, P, Fe, V, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni and Cr are closely associated with organic and sulphidic compounds. The concentration versus depth profile for organic carbon in two sapropels points to a rapid establishment of conditions that gave rise to sapropel formation, followed by a gradual transition back to “normal” conditions.

The primary composition is overprinted by diagenetic processes. Sulphate-reducing conditions occurred during and just after sapropel deposition. A progressive oxidation front mechanism, which became active after sapropel deposition, is responsible for additional major geochemical changes. This diagenetic phenomenon has strong implications for the chemistry of Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, U, As and Sb.     

Trace element diagenesis in pyrite-rich sediments of the Achterwasser lagoon, SW Baltic Sea

The early diagenesis of trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ba, U) in anoxic sediments of the Achterwasser, a shallow lagoon in the non-tidal Oder estuary in the Baltic Sea, was investigated in the context of pyrite formation. The dissolved major redox parameters show a two-tier distribution with transient signals in the occasionally re-suspended fluid mud layer (FM) and a permanently established diagenetic sequence in the sediment below. Intense microbial respiration leads to rapid depletion of O₂ within the uppermost mm of the FM. The reduction zones of Mn, Fe and sulfate overlap in the FM and in the permanently anoxic sediment section which appears to be a typical feature of estuarine sediments, under low-sulfate conditions. Degrees of pyritization (DOP) range from 50% in the FM to remarkably high values > 90% at 50 cm depth. Pyrite formation at the sediment surface is attributed to the reaction of Fe-monosulfides with intermediate sulfur species via the polysulfide pathway. By contrast, intense pyritization in the permanently anoxic sediment below is attributed to mineral growth via adsorption of aqueous Fe-sulfide complexes onto pyrite crystals which had originally formed in the surface layer.The studied trace elements show differential behavior patterns which are closely coupled to the diagenetic processes described above: (i) Zn, Cu and Cd are liberated from organic matter in the thin oxic layer of the sediment and diffuse both upwards across the sediment/water boundary and downwards to be trapped as monosulfides, (ii) V, Cr, Co and As are released during reductive dissolution of Mn- and Fe-oxyhydroxides, (iii) U removal from pore water occurs concomitantly to Fe reduction in the FM and is attributed to reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), (iv) the Ba distribution is controlled by reductive dissolution of authigenic barite in the sulfate reduction zone coupled with upward diffusion and re-precipitation. The incorporation of trace elements into pyrite is most intense for Co, Mn and As, intermediate for Cu and Cr and little to negligible for U, Zn, Cd, V and Ba. The observed trend is largely in agreement with previous studies and may be explained with differing rates for ligand exchange. Slow and fast ligand exchange and thus precipitation kinetics are also displayed by downcore increasing (Mn, Cr, Co and As) or constantly low (Zn, Cu, Cd) pore water concentrations. The downward increasing degrees of trace metal pyritization (DTMP) for Co, Cu, Zn and As are, in analogy to pyrite growth, assigned to adsorption of sulfide complexes or As oxyanions onto preexisting pyrite minerals.     

Trace element bioaccumulation in reef fish from New Caledonia: Influence of trophic groups and risk assessment for consumers

Fourteen trace elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were analyzed in livers and muscles from 22 fish species from the New Caledonia lagoon, which is subjected to important chemical inputs due to intense land-based mining activities (New Caledonia is the third largest world producer of Ni). The results of this baseline research indicated that livers generally concentrated trace elements to a greater extent than muscles. Nevertheless, the overall trace element concentrations in both tissues were barely above the levels reported in fish and thus contamination at the local scale was poorly discriminated. Although these levels were low, preliminary risk assessment from a global health standpoint suggests that As would be an element potentially leading to exposure of concern for fish consumers. Based on the trace element concentrations in livers and the fish trophic preferences, some trends have been observed among trophic groups: Ag, Cu, Fe, Hg, and Zn concentrations were generally higher in liver of fish with the highest trophic position whereas Cd concentrations were lower in these groups. The use of the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus as a resident top predator allowed determining the geographical variations in contamination levels with significant differences for six out of the fourteen elements investigated. The sampling sites influenced by anthropogenic inputs were revealed by high Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb concentrations. Such geographic differences also applied to Zn but surprisingly not for the typical elements associated with Ni mining, i.e., Co, Cr, Mn and Ni.     

Anthropogenic trace metals in sediment and settling particulate matter on a high-energy continental shelf (Sydney,Australia)

The anthropogenic contribution of trace metals to settling particulate matter (SPM) and surficial sediments was determined on the high-energy continental shelf adjacent to Sydney, Australia. Settling particulate matter and surficial sediment was collected in the vicinity of a major sewage outfall and at five control sites on the middle shelf (80-100 m water depth). Sediment traps were deployed on 10 occasions for up to 2 weeks during the summer and winter of 1995 and SPM was analyzed for Ag, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Cobalt, Fe, Mn and Ni act conservatively in SPM and in sediments regionally and are used as normalizing elements to determine anthropogenic enrichment. Surficial sediments and SPM are enriched in Ag, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn near a major ocean outfall and at four of the five control sites, although sewage particles contribute < 5% of trace metals in the total sample. Silver is the most sensitive trace metal tracer for establishing the presence of sewage particulate matter. Sewage particulate matter flux near the outfall was estimated using a two end-member mixing model and is below 0.5 g m(-2) day(-1) during all deployment periods. The mean sewage particulate matter flux at sampling locations 30 km and 60 km north of the outfall are <0.13 g m(-2) day(-1) and <0.01 g m(-2) day(-1), respectively, indicating an efficient dispersal of anthropogenic material on this high energy continental shelf.     

红树植物红海榄叶化学组成研究

对红树植物红海榄叶的基本化学成分水分,灰分,灰分中酸不溶物,灰分中S(SO42-),粗蛋白,粗脂肪等及氨基酸和微量元素的组成和含量进行了系统的分析测定。其基本化学组成各成分含量分别为:水分(69.18%),灰分(3.04%),灰分中酸不溶物(0.094%),灰分中S(SO42-)(0.052%),粗脂肪(7.75%),粗蛋白(7.14%);测得了红海榄叶中17种氨基酸,其总含量为10.7mg/g,其中人体必须氨基酸有7种,占所含氨基酸总量约26%;采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪对红海榄叶进行了31种微量元素的分析测定,测得了其中18种元素的含量,红海榄叶中含有丰富的人体必须的矿物质元素。     

Techniques for determination of trace metals in small samples of size-fractionated particulate matter: phytoplankton metals off central California

The oceanic biogeochemical cycles of many trace elements are dominated by their association with the growth, death, consumption and sinking of phytoplankton. The trace element content of marine phytoplankton reflects nutritional status, species composition, surface area to volume ratios, and interactions with bioactive and toxic elements in the ambient seawater. Despite the ecological and environmental importance of trace element assimilation by autotrophs, there are few modern measurements of trace elements in phytoplankton assemblages from the natural environment. Here we introduce a new method for collection and analysis of size-fractionated particulate samples from practical seawater volumes. We pay particular attention to accurate determination of trace element filter blanks which are typically the limiting factor for analysis of such samples. Metals were determined at very low detection limits by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for 11 elements (Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, U, Zn and P, which is used as a biomass normalizer) in three types of polymer filters (0.45, 5.0, and 53 μm pore size) and a quartz fiber filter (0.8 μm pore size). To place these new determinations in a practical context, results are presented for a vertical profile of samples filtered from 1–4 l of coastal seawater (0.3–1.0 mg total solid dry weight) at a station off central California. The results demonstrate that the blanks of the evaluated filter types, precleaned appropriately, are sufficiently low to allow accurate determination of the trace metal content of three size-classes of phytoplankton. At the Pacific station, measured phytoplankton Zn content (as Zn/P) agrees with values predicted from single-species culture studies growing at seawater Zn concentrations expected for coastal waters. The new method has utility as a generally applicable and simple size fractionation technique, and allows determination of natural and pollutant elements in small samples of phytoplankton and particles in coastal, estuarine and offshore marine regimes.     

Statistical Study of Trace Elemental Concentrations in Major Types of Organisms from Typical Chinese Coastal Waters

Frequency distribution characteristics of trace elements Fe. Mn, Zn, Cu. Sr and Ba are studied for the marine organisms collected from typical Chinese coastal waters and compared with those of major elements Ca and Mg. Nearly all the distributions for trace elements in macroalgae, benthic molluscs, crustaceans, cephalopods and different tissues of fish (muscle, liver and bone ) are found to show some degree of positive skewness, indicating a relatively large number of marine organisms with low concentrations for a particular element and only a few organisms with disproportionately high concentrations. Their distribution types are generally logarithmic normal distribution or nearly logarithmic normal distribution. Distribution of Ca is similar to that of trace elements, while Mg shows normal distribution. Average elemental concentrations of major types of organisms are calculated based on their frequency distributions.     

珠江口底质元素含量分布特征及其地球化学意义

珠江口底质常、微量元素分析结果表明, 富含Si、Al、K、Mg、Fe和Ti等元素的陆源物质构成本区沉积物主体, 主要元素氧化物平均含量分别为SiO261.16%, Al2O314.74%, Fe2O35.72%, TiO20.88%, MgO1.84%, K2O2.63%, CaO2.70%, CaCO34.79%。底质元素含量与沉积物粒度组成关系密切, 主要元素Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3、TiO2以及微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、V、Co、Ni、Ba在西北部近岸区以及伶仃洋中部细颗粒沉积区内富集; 而SiO2、CaO、Zr、Sr则在西南部和东南部粗颗粒沉积区富集。控制本区沉积物地球化学特征的因素主要有物质来源、沉积环境、水动力条件、沉积物粒度、矿物组成以及元素自身地球化学性质等。     

台湾海峡大气微量金属的化学特征及其入海通量

2006～2007年,利用大容量气溶胶采样器在台湾海峡采集79个大气气溶胶样品．采用ICP—MS分析法测定了样品中Pb、Cu、Cd、V、Zn、Fe和Al等金属元素的含量．分析结果显示,台湾海峡大气微量金属含量呈现出明显的季节变化,对大部分元素而言,含量最低值出现在夏季,而最高值出现在冬季,气溶胶中微量金属的含量变化与海峡的气象条件等因素有关．通过富集因子、相关性分析和因子分析,对微量金属的来源进行了判别．台湾海峡大气微量金属的来源特征为：Cu、Pb、Cd、V主要来自污染源,而Al、Fe、Zn则主要来自地壳源．比较和分析了台湾海峡海域微量金属的大气与河流输入,Cu和Zn的大气输入低于九龙江和闽江的输入,而Pb、Cd的大气输入则超过了这2条河流的输入．