瞬变电磁场的波场变换研究

通过对不同条件下层状介质模型瞬变电磁场数据的波场变换、分析,提高了对瞬变电磁场波场变换物理意义的认识,并总结出若干有价值的规律.指出这种通过数学方法变换出的波场,不仅在形式上满足波动方程,而且在导电介质中也存在“传播”现象,在“传播”过程中,当遇到电性分界面时,也存在“反射”和“透射”.这些结论为在瞬变电磁法中,正确合理地引入地震处理解释方法提供了重要的理论依据.     

An atmospheric electrical method to determine the eddy diffusion coefficient

The ion-aerosol balance equations are solved to get the profiles of atmospheric electric parameters over the ground surface in an aerosol-rich environment under the conditions of surface radioactivity. Combining the earlier results for low aerosol concentrations and the present results for high aerosol concentrations, a relation is obtained between the average value of atmospheric electric space charge in the lowest ～2 m, the surface electric field and eddy diffusivity/aerosol concentration. The values of eddy diffusivity estimated from this method using some earlier measurements of space charge and surface electric field are in reasonably good agreement with those calculated from other standard methods using meteorological or electrical variables.     

地下综合管廊边界条件对地震动力响应影响数值分析

为研究综合管廊动力边界条件对地震动力响应的影响,以厦门地区的代表性土层为例,建立动力有限元数值模型,土体本构采用小应变硬化模型,分别设定固定边界、黏性边界和自由场3种人工边界条件,进行Rayleigh波和地震底部剪切波作用下的场地响应研究;并根据变形特征及拟绝对加速度反应谱（PSA）评价3种边界的有效性,提出综合管廊地震动力分析的优化动力边界组合方法。研究表明：在地震波（底部水平加速度时程）及Rayleigh波的作用下,由于考虑了黏性边界对外行波的吸收,但未考虑地震动的输入问题及边界外半无限介质的弹性恢复性能,边界会对模型内部土体的水平位移产生限制作用,使得场地内水平位移响应偏小,而采用自由场边界则基本不存在这种限制作用,表现出强烈的振荡;采用激励侧固定边界、远离激励侧黏性边界、其余侧自由场边界的优化组合动力边界,在Rayleigh波和底部加速度时程共同作用下,二者引起的动力响应交叉干扰较少,可按线性叠加处理;同时,黏性边界对地震波引起的动力响应有一定范围的吸收,自由场边界对Rayleigh波引起的动力响应也有一定范围的变形限制影响。研究成果可供地下综合管廊结构地震响应精细化数值模拟及抗震设计参考。     

Improved performance-based seismic coefficient for gravity-type quay walls based on centrifuge test results

Verifying the seismic performance of port structures when the force balance limit is exceeded is important for the performance-based seismic design of gravity-type quay walls. Over the last three decades, performance verification methods have been developed that consider the effects of the design earthquake motion, geotechnical conditions, and structural details on the deformation of a quay wall to accurately predict earthquake-induced damage. In this study, representative performance verification methods (i.e., simplified dynamic analysis methods extending from the Newmark sliding block method and performance-based seismic coefficients developed in Japan) were quantitatively assessed with actual cases of earthquake-damaged quay walls and the results of dynamic centrifuge tests previously conducted under various conditions (i.e., different wall heights, earthquake motions and the thickness of subsoil). The dynamic centrifuge test results suggested directions for improving the performance-based seismic coefficients of the representative methods, while their field applicability and reliability were confirmed according to the actual earthquake records.

     

外加直流电场下粘土矿物的膨胀特性研究

实验研究了外加直流电场作用下粘土膨胀率的变化。结果表明,在电场作用下,粘土膨胀率降低,电解膨率大小与粘土性质、电场强度、体相溶液矿化度及施加电场时机等有关。在相同电场强度条件下,膨胀性强的蒙脱石的电解膨率最大,而伊利石、高岭石的电解膨率较小。蒙脱石的电解膨率随着电场强度的增加而增加,当电场强度高于临界值(本实验中为2 V/m)时,电解膨率值基本不变。随着NaCl浓度的增加,蒙脱石的电解膨率以指数规律降低。施加电场时机对电场降低粘土膨胀率的效果有较大影响:在注入蒸馏水的同时施加电场可以有效防止粘土膨胀;在注入蒸馏水之后施加电场可以有效降低粘土膨胀率;先施加低强度电场(EFS=2 V/m)然后再注入蒸馏水,可以造成粘土的膨胀,即使提高电场强度,粘土膨胀率仍然很大。     

地震波逆时偏移中两种成像条件应用效果对比

成像条件是实现地震波场准确成像的关键环节,而优化逆时成像条件在改善逆时成像应用效果中的作用尤为明显。为此,从零井源距和非零井源距脉冲响应出发,系统对比了常规相关法逆时成像条件和基于行波分离法逆时成像条件的逆时偏移脉冲响应波场差异,分析了逆时偏移低波数噪声的成因机理及波场规律,同时以复杂断陷理论模型和SZ工区实际三维地震资料为例,系统对比了两种逆时成像条件的成像应用效果。研究结果表明,采用基于行波分离法逆时成像条件的成像结果能够有效衰减逆时偏移低波数背景噪声,恢复掩盖在这种背景噪声之下的有效地震成像信息,地层细节刻画更加清晰,这可为当前复杂波场和复杂构造高精度地震成像提供方法指导。     

地震荷载作用下斜坡响应研究:以四川青川东山—狮子梁剖面为例

在对青川地震监测剖面实测数据进行系统分析的基础上,运用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立东山—狮子梁监测剖面的数值模型,分析了地震作用下斜坡的动力响应规律。结果表明:地震荷载作用下,斜坡的地震响应不是单调的随斜坡高度的增加而增加,而是与斜坡地形地貌及岩体中裂隙的发育程度有密切关系;斜坡的地震响应由坡内向坡外逐渐增大,且坡向与地震波传播方向相同时斜坡的地震动力响应要大于坡向与地震波传播方向相反的情况。研究结果为地震荷载作用下边坡稳定性评价提供了理论支持,为提出更加合理的地震动稳定性评价方法提供依据。     

复杂条件下地震采集质量的量化评价技术

从地震资料解释的地质要求出发,将信噪比,分辨率和保真度三者紧密地联系在一起,指出了以往常规地震采集质量定性评价的不足,提出了对复杂地区野外地震采集质量的具体量化参数与多因素模糊综合评判方法,地震理论模型和实际资料计算结果表明：该评价系统适于复杂地表条件下地震采集方法的选择,为保证施工质量,降低采集成本,提供了科学的依据,具有很强的实用性和广阔的推广应用前景。     

戈壁区煤田三维地震勘探的应用实践

针对新疆塔城地区某煤矿三维地震勘探区戈壁地表复杂、目的层埋藏浅等地质条件,阐述了在野外数据采集、室内资料处理及资料解释的不同阶段所采用的相应技术措施和取得的地质效果。勘探结果表明:在目的层较浅的复杂地表区,采取小CDP网格、高覆盖次数、现场监控、精细处理、人机交互辅助解释和多元地质信息分析等技术手段,可以获得勘探精度较高的地震地质成果。     

某电力扩建场地工程地震条件分析

本文采用工程抗震理论,结合场地实际状况,论述了某电力扩建场地的区域构造条件和区域地震环境,确定了场地的地震动参数,并采用概率地震危险性分析法对扩建场地进行地震危险性分析,从而为该工程建设提供合理的设计依据.     

汶川地震灾区某工程开挖边坡变形三维稳定性分析

汶川地震灾区某边坡,因厂房建设需要,对其进行开挖改造。鉴于其稳定性对工厂正常运行有重要影响,本文在岩体质量分级和岩体结构模型概化的基础上,采用快速拉格朗日差分法FLAC3D模拟边坡开挖,分析了边坡在自然条件、暴雨条件以及地震条件下的应力场、位移场、剪应变增量及塑性区的分布和变化特征。研究结果表明:边坡开挖引起坡面局部应力集中,后缘易拉裂破坏;降雨时呈现部分区域安全储备较低;在地震作用下,边坡处于不稳定状态。     

高阶交错网格有限差分弹性波场模拟的精度分析

交错网格波场数值模拟是目前地震正演中广泛使用的方法,为对比分析不同阶数的差分格式下产生的计算效率和精度差异,重新推导了弹性波方程的4种时间4阶、空间2N阶的差分公式及系数,并计算了他们的稳定性条件。利用这4种差分格式进行弹性波场数值模拟,对比分析了波场快照、合成地震记录及CPU时间。结果表明:时间4阶、空间6+6阶精度的交错网格有限差分方法在进行地震波场数值模拟时具有较高的计算精度和计算效率。      

鄂北致密薄储层地震响应特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地北部大牛地气田塔巴庙区块致密薄层发育。利用岩石物理等数据的物性参数,对不同储集条件下的薄层、薄互层进行地震正演分析。结果表明:在薄层特别是薄互层条件下,叠前波场响应特征十分复杂,有别于常规AVO类型的变化规律,且含气层和干层的响应特征有明显差异。根据叠前地震波场的响应特征和不同的变化规律可以细化薄层研究,进一步识别储集类型。     

近地表隐伏断层地震波场响应特征与初至波成像应用研究

近地表隐伏断层直接影响工程安全施工。通过构建浅覆盖层下方陡立界面断层数值模型,分析近地表隐伏断层地震波场的传播与转换规律。通过工程实测数据验证了数值模拟波场响应特征的可靠性,并利用初至波走时层析成像技术对地下介质波速进行成像。研究结果表明：(1)初至波转换形成的断点绕射波具有1频率升高、速度突变的特点,可清晰指示测区内断裂带的存在,可作为现场数据采集时断层的直观反映;(2)工程实测中通过原始波形到时、频率信息可初步判断断层的存在,基于射线追踪的初至波层析成像结果与后期钻孔揭露情况基本吻合,说明初至波层析成像在浅层地震勘探中的实用性;(3)接收测线排列内布设震源的方式,两侧震源延拓距离短,无需额外为震源激发提供场地,在工程施工中具有经济、快速、高效的特点,可作为野外复杂地表条件地下浅层结构探测的有效观测系统使用。     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.     

模拟储层条件下突出煤的导电性质研究

研究了模拟储层条件瓦斯突出煤的导电性质,得到了瓦斯突出煤在不同储层条件下的电阻率变化特征,为研究瓦斯突出地球物理场的电磁波响应特征提供了基础.     

水平电偶源r方向电场值应用的理论研究

根据准静态极限条件下,水平电偶极源在均匀半空间表面产生的r方向电场分量E r表达式,分别在一维和三维条件下,对E r进行数值模拟并迭代计算出相应视电阻率,讨论E r的观测范围和应用优势。在一维条件下,通过对四种典型层状模型(两层D、G,三层H、K)的数值计算,并与相同条件下的E x视电阻率进行对比,结果表明:E r比E x受测量方位的影响更小;在三维条件下,选取均匀半空间存在异常体的模型,采用积分方程法对E r进行数值计算,与相同条件下的E x视电阻率进行对比,结果表明:当均匀半空间存在低阻异常体时,E r对低阻体y方向边界的反应比E x效果较好。     

东准噶尔油田含油气岩石的泊松比及初步应用

对采自新疆准噶尔盆地东部火烧山和北三台油田的大量岩芯样品，在多种条件下进行纵横波速度的测定，进而计算了泊松比：饱水条件下岩石的泊松比为０．２７，饱油条件下为０．２１，饱气条件下为０．１７，并运用这一参数进行了正演计算及实际资料的解释，以观察其在地震记录上的响应及应用前景。结果表明，泊松比的变化不仅能直接反映岩石孔隙中所含流体性质的不同，而且在地震记录上的响应特征也很明显。实际资料的解释表明，运用地震资料直接进行油田油层的检测是可行的。     

地震载荷下斜坡稳定性数值模拟分析

地震载荷是影响复杂结构斜坡塌滑的一个重要因素。本文以汶川震区一边坡为实例,利用有限差分法FLAC-3D对地震动力下斜坡进行了数值模拟。并且在用FLAC-3D进行斜坡动力分析时探讨了边界条件设置、动力时程的合成以及输入和转化。从位移场与速度场进行了详细的动力分析,获得该斜坡地震载荷下位移场、速度场的变化规律,指出山体斜坡在非连续介质状态下软弱面区域位移和速度最大,为后续进行复杂的山体破坏力学研究提供理论依据。     

Aspects on the origin of the precursory magnetic anomalies of the Mw 6.4 Aquila earthquake

An anomalous behaviour of the scaling exponent derived from the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of the time series of low frequency variations of the horizontal and vertical magnetic field components has been recently reported as being observed 2 months prior to the Mw 6.3 earthquake on 6 April 2009, close to L’Aquila city, Italy. Here, we suggest a possible physical explanation of this effect based on the experience from similar measurements in Greece. In particular, for example, we compare these observations associated with Aquila earthquake with the ones of the Mw 6.6 earthquake on 13 May 1995 at Kozani-Grevena, Greece where both magnetic field variations and seismic electric signals (SES) were recorded. Almost 1 month before the latter earthquake, anomalous variations in both electric and magnetic field were detected, the time series of that were analysed by means of DFA and led to an exponent close to unity. Similarly, the calculated DFA exponent for the Aquila earthquake time series of the anomalous magnetic field variations 2 months before the main shock was also found close to unity. These results could imply that in the case of Aquila, according to the Maxwell’s laws, one should expect to observe simultaneously with the magnetic signal an associated SES activity, provided that an appropriate station to monitoring the earth’s electric field variations in the same area was available. Hence, it seems that similar underlying non-linear dynamic processes in mechanical and as well as electromagnetic sense, with features of criticality, dominated in both pre-focal areas.