悬浮物浓度对水下光照和初级生产力的影响

采用太湖湖泊生态系统研究站生态实验室的模拟生态槽进行水动力模拟实验研究(1999年5月8日～6月24日),探讨了水动力的扰动引起悬浮物的增加、改变水下光强的分布,并由此造成了初级生产力的变化.结果表明,无论是静止还是小水流、大水流状态,水下光强随深度都是按指数规律衰减;在静止状态下,槽水清澈见底,光衰减系数为1m-1左右,到小水流和大水流时,由于动力的扰动、悬浮物浓度的增加,光学衰减系数增加到2m-1和4m-1左右,真光层深度也由最初的4m降到2m、1m;对光学衰减系数、真光层深度与悬浮物浓度进行线性和幂函数回归,发现他们之间的相关性很好,反映了风浪扰动引起水中悬浮物增加是改变水下光照分布的主要原因;在静止状态下,由于槽水清澈,强光作用下表面存在光抑制现象,最大初级生产力出现在04～06m,其他情形光抑制很弱或基本上不存在,最大初级生产力出现在0～02m.     

The Tsunami of August 17, 1999 in Izmit Bay,Turkey

The Kocaeli 1999 Earthquake with an Mw = 7.4 caused major hazards throughout the NW of Turkey from Tekirdag to Bolu. Historical data indicates that some of the earthquakes around Izmit Bay have caused tsunamis. In this study, tsunami research for the Kocaeli 1999 Earthquake has been made also taking into consideration historical data. In this research more than about 70 data at 35 localities have been used to determine the tsunami evidences in the bay. Coastal observations indicated runups which were ranging from 1 to 2.5 m along the shores. However, the wave runups are more complex along the south coast due to the presence of coastal landslides (Deirmendere, Halidere, Ulasli, Karamürsel) and subsided areas (Kavakli to Yeniköy) along the shore. West of Yalova, evidence of tsunami rapidly diminished. In addition, possible tectonic mechanism has been determined by using 33 single-channel high-resolution digital seismic reflection profiles which were acquired following the Kocaeli 1999 Earthquake. As a result it has been determined that the Kocaeli Earthquake has created tsunami in Izmit Bay.     

Quantitative relationship between surface sedimentary diatoms and water depth in North-Central Bohai Bay,China

To study the quantitative relationship between surface sedimentary diatoms and water depth, 67 surface samples were collected for diatom analysis on eight profiles with water depth variation from the muddy intertidal zone to the shallow sea area in North-Central Bohai Bay, China. The results showed that the distribution of diatoms changed significantly in response to the change in water depth. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between the distribution of dominant diatom species, their a...     

悬浮泥沙对藻类生长影响的实测与分析

通过对长江下游镇扬段的牛轭湖—内江的泥沙、水质、光强、藻类等进行现场监测和数据分析,探讨了内江悬浮泥沙对水下光强的衰减规律以及对藻类生长的影响。结果表明:内江水体中存在80%以上的粒径小于75μm的微细悬浮颗粒,其中不易沉降的粘土颗粒占到20%～50%左右,枯水期平均含量为40 mg/L,丰水期平均含量为70 mg/L,而藻细胞生物总量基本都在100万个/L以内,其中绿藻、硅藻为优势种。数据分析表明:泥沙对水下光强的衰减遵循指数函数衰减规律,光衰减系数与泥沙含量呈较好的线性相关性,内江的优势种绿藻、硅藻的生物量与泥沙含量呈显著的指数相关。认为,泥沙通过衰减光强间接地抑制藻类繁殖,这一抑制作用可以由泥沙含量和藻细胞密度之间的关系进行定量。     

Study of total column atmospheric aerosol optical depth,ozone and precipitable water content over Bay of Bengal during BOBMEX-99

The spatial and temporal variations in aerosols and precursor gases over oceanic regions have special importance in the estimation of radiative forcing parameters and thereby in the refinement of general circulation models. Extensive observations of the columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD), total column ozone (TCO) and precipitable water content (PWC) have been carried out using the on-line, multi-band solar radiometers onboard ORV Sagar Kanya (Cruise # SK 147B) over Bay of Bengal during 11th–28th August 1999. Aerosol optical and physical properties (optical depth and angstrom parameter) have been estimated at six wavelengths covering from UV to NIR (380–1020 nm) while TCO and PWC have been determined using the UV band around 300 nm and NIR band around 940 nm, respectively. Added, concurrent meteorological and satellite observations during this field phase of BOBMEX-99 have been utilized to investigate spectral-temporal variations of AOD, TCO and PWC in marine environment. The results indicate lower AODs (around 0.4 at characteristic wavelength of 500 nm) and size distributions with abundance of coarse-mode particles as compared to those aerosols of typical land origin. An interesting result that is found in the present study is the significant reduction in AOD at all wavelengths from initial to later part of observation period due to cloud-scavenging and rain-washout effects as well as signature of coastal aerosol loading. The clear-sky daytime diurnal variation of TCO shows gradual increase during post-sunrise hours, broad maximum during afternoon hours and gradual decrease during pre-sunset hours, which is considered to be due to photochemical reactions. The diurnal variation curve of PWC showed maximum (~ 4 cm) during morning hours and gradual decrease (~ 3.5 cm) towards evening hours, which are found to be greater as compared to typical values over land. Another interesting feature observed is that although the PWC values are very high, there was no proportionate or appreciable enhancement in AOD—a feature that can be utilized to infer composition of aerosols over the study region.     

渤海湾西部表层沉积物粒度特征与沉积混合

根据渤海湾西部135个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析结果,分析了表层沉积物的粒度特征与规律。整体上由研究区东北部沿海岸向南沉积物粒度变细,由砂和粉砂质砂变为砂质粉砂,再变为粘土质粉砂。沉积物粒度频率曲线显示,由研究区东北部至北部,沉积物粗组分含量减少,由单峰逐渐过渡为主峰或弱峰,到中部粗组分减少为粗尾形态,到南部粗组分几乎缺失;而沉积物细组分的变化趋势则与之相反。沉积物粗组分在粒度频率曲线上的表现由单峰逐渐过渡至主峰或次峰,粗峰含量减少,到中部粗组分减少为粗尾形态,到南部粗组分几乎消失;而沉积物细组分的变化趋势则与之相反。沉积物粒度参数的平面分布规律和粒度参数之间的相关性变化形态显示出粗细2种母质组分以不同比例的沉积混合的特征,即来自东北部的粗组分与来自南部的细组分发生混合,这可能主要与区内双向的沿岸环流输运有关。     

成像测井数据处理中分辨率匹配及深度校正方法

成像测井由于分辨率高、信息量大而得到广泛应用。但其采样密度相当高,在深度校正数据预处理中,当与常规测井数据进行分辨率匹配时带来了困难,通常的插值方法都不能很好地解决这一问题。采用快速且精度较高的阿克玛(Akima)光滑等距插值方法,对常规测井自然伽马(GR)曲线进行插值处理,在此基础上采用相关分析方法,确定成像测井带测GR曲线的深度偏移量。结果表明,该方法能够快速地进行测井数据分辨率匹配及有效地校正成像测井曲线的深度误差,为进一步提高成像测井图像解释的精度奠定了基础。     

Holocene carbon storage and testate amoeba community structure in treed peatlands of the western Hudson Bay Lowlands margin,Canada

The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) stores a significant proportion of the northern peatland carbon pool, and constraints on the factors controlling local-scale variation are needed to better predict soil carbon stocks. We investigated two treed peatland sites, a fen and a bog, to understand how local ecohydrological factors impacted long-term carbon storage. Ecohydrological conditions were reconstructed using quantitative water table depth reconstructions from testate amoebae (TA) and broad peat type classifications. We also linked these factors and carbon storage to changes in TA community structure through the investigation of morphological and functional traits. Both sites have high rates of peat vertical accretion during the warmer Middle Holocene. A shift to a drier, Sphagnum-dominated habitat after 7400 cal a bp at the bog site, however, led to lower apparent carbon accumulation rates (aCARs) than at the fen site. aCARs decreased with the transition to a cooler Late Holocene climate at both sites. Both sites have higher total carbon masses (kg m⁻²) than other more open and younger HBL localities, demonstrating the potential importance of treed peatlands in regional carbon storage. Shifts in the frequency of TA traits corresponded to changing ecohydrological conditions and provided insights into the role of TA in carbon storage.     

Sequence Stratigraphic Delineation and Correlation of the Dongying Formation in the Nearshore and Adjacent Sea Areas, Bohai Bay Basin

Based on the analysis of well logs, seismic data, core studies, the Dongying (东营) into three third-order sequences from base to top: namely, sequences SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3. The three sequences have different wireline (SP) log responses, showing triple-section characteristics with SQ1 being characterized by primarily flat baseline with intercalation of relatively low spontaneous potential, SQ2 generally exhibiting weak or moderate amplitude spontaneous potential with finger-shaped peaks, and SQ3 having relatively high spontaneous potential with funnel-shaped log curves. On the basis of the triple-section characteristics, the stratigraphic sequences can be correlated consistently throughout the entire study area. A stratigraphic and sedimentary model for sequences SQ1 to SQ3 of the Dongying Formation in the study area has been proposed. The accommodation space change in the two sides of the asymmetrical basin was examined and the asymmetrical basin has the feature of the asymmetrical accommodation space change. The asymmetrical physiography is a vital factor to influence the accommodation changes in additional to the lake level change, tectonism and sediment supply. This may have important implications to similar basins in other parts of China or elsewhere.     

The lamprophyres of Afyon stratovolcano,western Anatolia,Turkey: description and genesis

The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.     

Distribution and Significance of Methyl Steranes in Bohai Bay Basin, East China

31 samples of shales and mudstones developed in reducing hypersaline and freshwater setting and 20 oil samples of Bamianhe oilfield, Bohai Bay basin were collected for a detailed study of petroleum system. Composition and distribution, especially significance of steroids, are discussed as a part of those. Abundant steroidal biomarkers, including C27-29 regular steranes, C28-30 4-methyl steranes, dinosteranes and aromatic steranes, were detected. Results show that the composition and distribution of the steroids in samples studied are functions of thermal maturity, organic source, paleoenvironment and lithology of potential source rocks. Alga-rich Es4 shales (brackish water) developed in the south slope of depocenter (Niuzhuang sag) were found particularly rich in steroidal biomarkers including C30 4-methyl steranes and dinosteranes. Es3 mudstones (fresh water) were found devoid of dinosteranes. Distribution patterns of regular steranes are completely different from methyl steranes indicating different origins of the specific compounds of the fraction. Diagnostic distribution of steranes in rock extracts of diverse intervals makes the compounds to be essential indictors of source-rock tracing. Methyl steranes prove to be much more useful in oil-source rock correlation than regular steranes. Results also show that alga-rich Es4 shales located in the south slope are not likely the primary source rock responsible for the oils discovered based on the composition and distribution of steroids.     

青岛唐岛湾的形成机制与海岸演化

        通过野外地质调查,结合区域地质背景,探讨分析了青岛唐岛湾的形成机制与海岸演化过程。结果表明,唐岛湾的 形成机制主要涉及三个方面：NNE-NE向断裂的活动奠定构造格局并控制其岸线的延伸方向;第四纪冰川的侵蚀作用塑造 中间低洼、两岸较高的基底地形;约10 ka BP 前的大规模海侵使海水突破口门的阻挡进入湾内,唐岛湾正式形成。其海岸 形态自全新世以来可分为三个演化阶段,主控因素为海平面变化、海浪和潮汐作用,宋代时刘家岛与石岭子之间连岛沙坝 的形成标志着唐岛湾成为半封闭性海湾,清代时其海岸形态接近现今面貌。     

豫西太平镇轻稀土矿床矿化特征及矿床成因

豫西太平镇稀土矿床是新发现的中型轻稀土矿床。3条稀土矿脉共圈定4个矿体。矿体平均厚度1.77 m,平均品位ω(∑REO)为2.23%,初步估算资源量达10万t。稀土矿体严格受北西向断裂构造控制,赋存于太平镇—板山坪背斜北翼的中元古代斜长花岗岩和二郎坪群中。∑LREO占83.23%~99.35%,∑HREO占16.77%~0.65%,CeO_2+La_2O_3+Nd_2O_3在总量中分配比为79.56%~94.15%。稀土矿物以氟碳铈矿为主,矿石中主要稀土矿物的REE配分属CeLaNd富LREE强选择配分型。矿石稀土轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,LREO/HREO比值大,铕为弱的正异常,不明显铈异常,Eu/Sm平均值0.38;Th/U比值大,与岩浆成因的重晶石稀土元素分配模式类似,显示岩浆成因。燕山期断裂构造叠加在早古生代二郎坪群及张家庄岩体内,沿断裂充填形成的成矿时代不早于(108±1)Ma的脉型轻稀土矿床。矿床成因为壳幔混源、受断裂构造控制的石英脉-蚀变岩型。主要找矿标志:在断裂构造中充填物为石英脉及萤石化、重晶石化、黄铁矿化等蚀变岩,以及弱的Th放射性异常,较低的U含量。     

Regional Considerations of Coastline Change,Tsunami Damage and Recovery along the Southern Coast of the Bay of Izmit (The Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999)

Co-seismic phenomena along the south coastline included liquefaction, subsidenceand tsunami. Construction on areas composed of fluvial and alluvial sediments aswell as unconsolidated fill increased the risk by creating potential for amplificationof seismic waves. Cyclic mobility liquefaction was common along the coastline, andlevel-ground liquefaction was observed. Flow liquefaction is held forth as a possibilityin the Deirmendere submarine landslide. Damage to structures was markedly more in areas of unconsolidated sediments. One or more tsunami struck immediately after the event; the uniformity of tsunami impact indicating a wave coming from 310° suggests that submarine faulting was the major source of tsunami. Over 800,000 m² of subsidence resulted from sediment slumping, fault controlled subsidence, and possibly post-liquefaction sediment compaction. After a brief period of post-event abandonment, reclamation and use of coastal areas is well underway. This creates a tension between human desires pushing for quick and inexpensive re-inhabitation of the coastal areas, and the needs for zoning and building codes for risk reduction. In this high-risk area suchcontrary cultural mandates cannot yield ideal results. It is suggested that an alternativemodel of immediate post-event creation of parks and natural areas that would yield benefit is preferable in coastal areas rather than the enforcement approach currently favored.     

渤海湾盆地渤中19-6气田凝析油特征及油气关系

2018年中国东部最大整装凝析气田——渤中19-6气田的发现,一举打开了渤海湾盆地深层天然气勘探的新领域,展现了油型盆地天然气勘探的巨大潜力.渤中凹陷发育多套不同成熟度的烃源岩,位于渤中凹陷西南部的渤中19-6气田凝析油与天然气并存,近年来于该地区的天然气成因及形成条件多有研究,但是对于凝析油的形成则少有研究.本文以渤...     

Source and commingling features of light oils from the Chepaizi uplift in the Junggar Basin,Northwest China

Geochemical composition characteristics of light oils from the Tertiary in the west of the Chepaizi uplift in the Junggar basin, northwest China, are distinct from those of biodegraded oils derived from the Permian in the study area and crude oils from some adjacent oil fields such as the Chepaizi and Xiaoguai oilfields. Oil source correlation shows that light oils in the study area have similar n-alkane and isoprenoid distribution patterns and carbon isotope compositions with the coal-derived oils from the Jurassic, and display obvious discrepancy on biomarker composition characteristics with the Cretaceous source rock extracts, inferring that they are probably the mixed oils from the Jurassic coal measures and Cretaceous source rocks. In this study, combined with the geochemical data of coal-derived oils from the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks or crude oils from the Cretaceous, the source and commingling features of the Tertiary crude oils of Well Pai 2 and Well Pai 8 were investigated. The proportion of the two sources in the mixed crude oils was estimated, and the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of reservoirs in the study area was established.     

基于埋深变化的川南龙马溪组页岩孔隙特征及控制因素分析

[研究目的]中国浅层-中深层页岩气勘探开发技术已经趋于成熟,深层页岩成为下一步勘探开发的重点,探明不同埋深条件下页岩的孔隙特征及其控制因素利于推动深层页岩的评优选区工作.[研究方法]本文基于核磁共振、场发射扫描电镜和X-射线衍射等实验分析手段,对比性评价了川南地区不同深度的龙马溪组页岩孔隙度、孔隙结构参数特征并进行影响...     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜矿赋矿岩体侵位深度及其对成矿的约束

多宝山铜矿是中国北方著名的斑岩型矿床,许多学者对该矿床的成因、大地构造环境、成矿机制等进行了大量的研究,并取得较好的成果。但对矿床保存和后期改造尚缺研究,需要中低温热年代学研究控制矿床的剥蚀深度、阶段和时代,而含矿岩体的侵位深度是先决条件。为了准确确定多宝山铜矿含矿岩体的侵位深度,笔者选取赋矿花岗闪长斑岩体作为研究对象,并利用角闪石-斜长石地质温压计进行成矿深度分析。通过研究得出赋矿花岗闪长斑岩体成岩压力为1.69×108~1.78×108 Pa,温度范围在650~710℃之间,成岩深度为6.36~6.69 km,对于研究矿床剥蚀深度及速率、演化阶段、构造背景等都具有重要的意义。     

内蒙古边家大院铅锌银多金属矿床原生晕地球化学特征及深部找矿预测

边家大院铅锌银多金属矿床为大兴安岭中南段新发现的一个典型的热液脉型矿床,矿体呈脉群状产出。文章通过对矿区5个钻孔岩心进行系统采样和光谱测试分析,运用格里戈良分带指数法和数理统计方法(相关分析、聚类分析、因子分析)对矿区A—A′勘探线矿脉群的原生晕特征进行了详细系统的研究。认为矿脉群原生晕分带明显,前缘晕元素为Sb、Hg、As,尾晕元素为Mo、W、Sn、Bi,近矿晕元素为Pb、Zn、Ag、Cd、Cu、Au;垂向分带序列为Sb-Co-Zn-As-Mo-W-Bi-CdPb-Hg-Sn-Ag-Cu-Ni-Au,出现了Mo、W、Bi的"反向分带"现象,具有两个阶段成矿作用;成矿元素(Pb、Zn、Ag)和前缘晕元素(Hg、As)在矿脉群下部异常值较高,且异常向深部延伸,推测矿区深部可能存在隐伏矿脉群。综合上述特征,初步建立了矿区的成矿成晕理想模型。     

渤海湾西岸年轻贝壳堤：形态,结构及多成因过程

渤海湾西岸年轻贝壳堤的横截面呈上凸形态,堤的底板向海倾斜。年轻贝壳堤可分为底部－下部（前缘基足）、中部和上部三部分。底部－下部为形成于水不的（潮间带至 下带上部）贝屑质砂坝。中部为障壁岛,岛后为泻湖环境;当岛后泥质充填迅速时,障壁岛可转化为沿岸堤。上部为风成沙丘。水下砂坝→障壁岛→沿岩堤→风成沙丘反映了贝壳堤多成因的、复杂的形成过程。障壁岛－泻湖体系是渤海湾西岸沿海平原形成的重要因素。