工业摄影测量技术在核岛三维控制网建立中的应用

论述工业摄影测量技术在核岛安装三维控制网建立中的应用,为满足核岛设备安装定位高精度设计要求,须建立核岛精密三维控制网,获取设备安装定位测量基准坐标信息.采用工业近景摄影测量技术对分布于设备房间的基准点多角度、多位置拍摄,利用专用测量软件对高清影像处理与平差,获取各基准点空间坐标.通过工业摄影测量技术实现核岛三维控制网的网型布设、点位观测、数据处理,提高测量精度,提升施工效率,满足核岛设备安装定位测量需求.     

利用工业全站仪的三维控制网布设与精度分析

为满足设备±1.0 mm的定位精度要求,必须建立点位精度不大于±0.3 mm的三维工程控制网。通过某核电工程建立设备安装精密控制网的实践,找到了一种使用高精度工业全站仪建立高精度三维控制网的方法,阐述了三维控制网布设方案,并从精度和可靠性指标对测量平差结果进行了分析,说明在环境较为复杂的工程领域,可以做到建立亚毫米级精度的控制网。     

旋转多基线对工业摄影测量精度的影响

在工业摄影测量中,影响测量精度的要素较多,为了提高摄影测量精度,在控制网型、被测物体、摄影距离等其它条件相同的情况下,采用不同的工业摄影测量相机,研究每个摄站不同旋转基线次数对精度的影响.通过对比不同旋转基线个数工况下的测量重复性,得出16个相机旋转基线比传统的2个相机旋转基线的测量重复性精度有明显提高;且随着相机旋转...     

工业摄影测量控制网网形对测量精度的影响研究

为了提高工业摄影测量系统的精度,从影响精度的几何因素出发,分析了不同因素对测量精度的影响程度,总结了工业摄影测量控制网的布设原则,通过试验反映出不同几何因素通过控制网网形对测量精度的影响,并在此基础上提出了工业摄影测量控制网优化设计的思路。     

三目立体工业摄影测量系统外部参数的快速标定

针对我国锻件在位检测装置和测量方法落后的问题以及立体工业摄影测量现场控制场建立难的问题,开发出三目立体工业摄影测量系统,并提出系统外部参数标定方法,将控制场坐标系建立在相机上。试验证明,利用三目立体工业摄影测量系统解算物方点坐标的精度为0.201mm,验证标定精度的可靠性,满足在高温锻件测量现场建立简单、有效的高精度立体工业摄影测量控制场的应用需求。     

近景摄影测量的控制

论述了近景摄影测量中实施控制的目的、分类与方法,提示可以多方法地建立物方空间坐标系,建议统一转角系统舒去地面摄影测量系统,指明控制的测定精度要求,提出建立特高精度工业控制网的理论与方法,总结了几种特殊的控制方法。     

工业三维坐标测量系统的最新进展

工业测量是指在制造工业和机器安装工业中，对部件和产品的形体进行精密的三维坐标测量。工业测量系统是指以电子经纬仪、全站仪、数字相机等为传感器，在计算机的控制下，完成工件的非接触和实时三维坐标测量，并在现场进行测量数据的处理、分析和管理的系统。与传统的工...     

近景摄影测量的控制

论述了近景摄影测量中实施控制的目的、分类与方法 ,提示可以多方法地建立物方空间坐标系 ,建议统一转角系统舍去地面摄影测量系统 ,指明控制的测定精度要求 ,提出建立特高精度工业控制网的理论与方法 ,总结了几种特殊的控制方法。     

建立特高精度工业测量控制网时高程的精密测定方法

把工业目标作为对象的特高精度工业测量控制网,其平面坐标精度可达到数十μｍ。高程精度也应相应地达到数十μｍ,以满足工业部件检测和放样的要求。此方法已成功地应用于工业测量与放样中。     

3维精密计量网的平差

如果在测量控制网平差时忽略地球曲率的影响，对于精密控制网，则将会产生显著的系统误差。即使对网的影响非常有限，但该项误差也是极为显著的。本文利用了一个局部Ｃａｒｔｅｓｉａｎ坐标系和对一个控制网的所有观测值进行曲率改正，提出了对小型测量控制网（如精密３维计量网）的平差模型，该平差模型特别适用于由实时（全站）电子经纬仪系统建立起来的精密工业计量控制网。     

单基站CORS-RTK在道路工程测量中的应用

相比较于常规RTK和多基站CORS及网络RTK,单基站CORS有其独特的优势。简述了单基站CORS的基本构成和原理及其优点和不足。以单基站CORS在某市政公路改扩建工程测量中应用为例,给出其在道路1:500数字带状地形图绘制和道路放样的测量结果及精度分析。实际应用表明,单基站CORS RTK可明显提高作业效率,能满足一定的精度要求。      

使用参照物的射电望远镜中心坐标测量方法

为满足新建射电望远镜在单站或多站联合进行的深空探测或射电天文观测对中心坐标精确测定的要求,提出一种利用已知精确中心坐标的望远镜作为参照物,测量地平式射电望远镜中心点坐标的方法和测量数据处理方法。这一方法对场地和设备的要求较低,能够得到毫米级或亚毫米级的位置精度。尤其适合对天线阵列的中心位置进行测量。对国家天文台密云观测站的40 m射电望远镜进行了中心坐标测量,位置均方根误差为2.312 mm,满足了后续的观测工作对其位置的需求。     

全站仪在深基坑变形监测中的应用

文章介绍了城市深基坑监测的目的、意义、方法及测量的精度估算等。指出了以前部分监测方法的不足,提出了利用全站仪对基坑进行的3维变形观测的方法,以及对该测量方法的精度论证。得出了该方法不但能提高测量精度、效率,而且节省了资源等结论。     

利用全站仪直线放样功能测量定线的精度分析

针对测量定线过程中出现的问题,介绍了全站仪直线放样功能用于测量定线的基本原理,并对测线上的转点和整条测线进行了精度分析。为了提高测线精度,提出了依据实地观测条件,分别在各测线段引入转点分段测量的方法。     

CONTROL WORK IN CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｙｖｉｒｔｕｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｐｏｉｎｔｓａｎｄ/ｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｗｏｒｋ ,ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓｕｒｖｅｙ ｉｎｇｉｎｃｌｏｓｅｒａｎｇｅｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｍｍｅｔｒｙｉｓｔｏｂｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｌｏｓｅｒａｎｇｅｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｍｍｅｔｒｉｃｎｅｔｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉ ｆｉｅｄｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｐａｃｅｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ .Ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓｔｈｅｓｅ ｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｐａｃｅｃｏｏｒｄｉ…     

Control work in close range photogrammetry

The purpose, classification, required accuracy and surveying methods of control work for close range photogrammetry have been briefly stated. The different methods for definition of space, object coordinate system are also reviewed. It is suggested that the habitu-ally-practised rotation angle system for aerophotogrammetry in China should be used for the future teaching and resaarching work in the close range photogrammetry, and that the rotation angle system for terrestrial deformation photogrammetry should be left out in order to avoid the confuse and reduce the amount of expanse for making softwares. It has been emphasized that there are three improtant aspects in the close range control work with high accurary using the conventional method of engineering surveying: the use of standard scale for measurement of distance between two general stations, the accurate determination of start direction line between two general stations and the handling method of influence of 2C change. A method for setting up industrial surveying control net with extra-high accuracy ±(0.05–0.20) mm is presented by the author. This kind of industrial control net is necessary for batch process of large industrial components with purposes of measurement, inspect and lofting. There are some special methods of control work in the close range photogrammetry, including two methods presented by the author.     

全站仪坐标法在深基坑水平位移监测中的精度分析与应用

针对施工场地狭窄,无法运用传统方法进行变形观测的情况下,对深基坑的水平位移监测提出了全站仪坐标法。对全站仪坐标法监测水平位移的精度进行分析,通过分析结果与工程实践,验证了对于不同等级要求的基坑水平位移监测,只要选择适当的全站仪进行作业,即能保证精度符合要求,提高作业效率。     

The 2008 DGFI realization of the ITRS: DTRF2008

A new realization of the International Terrestrial System was computed at the ITRS Combination Centre at DGFI as a contribution to ITRF2008. The solution is labelled DTRF2008. In the same way as in the DGFI computation for ITRF2005 it is based on either normal equation systems or estimated parameters derived from VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS observations by weekly or session-wise processing. The parameter space of the ITRS realization comprises station positions and velocities and daily resolved Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), whereby for the first time also nutation parameters are included. The advantage of starting from time series of input data is that the temporal behaviour of geophysical parameters can be investigated to decide whether the parameters can contribute to the datum realization of the ITRF. In the same way, a standardized analysis of station position time series can be performed to detect and remove discontinuities. The advantage of including EOP in the ITRS realization is twofold: (1) the combination of the coordinates of the terrestrial pole—estimated from all contributing techniques—links the technique networks in two components of the orientation, leading to an improvement of consistency of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) and (2) in their capacity as parameters common to all techniques, the terrestrial pole coordinates enhance the selection of local ties as they provide a measure for the consistency of the combined frame. The computation strategy of DGFI is based on the combination of normal equation systems while at the ITRS Combination Centre at IGN solutions are combined. The two independent ITRS realizations provide the possibility to assess the accuracy of ITRF by comparison of the two frames. The accuracy evaluation was done separately for the datum parameters (origin, orientation and scale) and the network geometry. The accuracy of the datum parameters, assessed from the comparison of DTRF2008 and ITRF2008, is between 2–5?mm and 0.1–0.8?mm/year depending on the technique. The network geometry (station positions and velocities) agrees within 3.2?mm and 1.0?mm/year. A comparison of DTRF2008 and ITRF2005 provides similar results for the datum parameters, but there are larger differences for the network geometry. The internal accuracy of DTRF2008—that means the level of conservation of datum information and network geometry within the combination—was derived from comparisons with the technique-only multi-year solutions. From this an internal accuracy of 0.32?mm for the VLBI up to 3.3?mm for the DORIS part of the network is found. The internal accuracy of velocities ranges from 0.05?mm/year for VLBI to 0.83?mm/year for DORIS. The internal consistency of DTRF2008 for orientation can be derived from the analysis of the terrestrial pole coordinates. It is estimated at 1.5–2.5?mm for the GPS, VLBI and SLR parts of the network. The consistency of these three and the DORIS network part is within 6.5?mm.     

GNSS接收机与全站仪控制点恢复测量及精度分析

主要利用GNSS接收机与全站仪对基坑控制点进行恢复测量,GNSS接收机通过RTK技术在基坑周边重新布设5个控制点,利用全站仪假定方向推算出控制点的坐标,并且分析其相对精度。通过实地观测计算分析,推算出的坐标与基坑中心点位置X方向相差5 mm、Y方向相差4 mm,恢复后的控制点能够对其他特征点进行详细测设。利用高精度的0.5″级全站仪进行点位测量精度对比分析,点位精度在2 mm范围之内,可以得出工程单位所用的仪器可满足精度,能够用于此类工程点位测设工作。