区域地球化学勘查样品分析方法

《区域地球化学勘查样品分析方法》是中国地质调查局组织全国各大岩矿测试中心按统一的步骤、原则历时多年对区域地球化学勘查样品分析方法进行系统总结所得集大成的成果，项目成果已通过全国分析专家的评审鉴定，获得很高的评价。准予出版；其应用范围涉及不同比例尺区域化探、多目标地球化学调查、环境样品等诸多的领域，     

2004年区域地球化学样品测试质量排序通报

依据中国地质调查局关于区域地球化学样品质量检查要求，区域地球化学样品质量检查组对2004年度承担区域化探与多目标区域地球化学调查样品分析的省、区及有关研究所实验室质量进行了检查和验收。其中承担区域化探样品分析实验室6个，共完成分析项目7个(13个图幅)。承担多目标区域地球化学调查样品分析实验室14个，承担分析项目17个，已完成分析项目3个。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定多目标区域地球化学调查样品中的硒

建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定多目标区域地球化学调查样品中的硒的分析方法。通过采用氢氟酸—硝酸—高氯酸分解样品,在40%盐酸溶液中,用硼氢化钾作为还原剂进行硒的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定。方法检出限为0.007μg/g,测定范围为0.02110μg/g。该方法操作简便,测定结果稳定,灵敏度和准确度高,适用于水系沉积物、土壤中硒量的测定。     

黑龙江省扎龙湿地及其周边地区土壤碳储量估算与1986年以来的变化趋势研究

以黑龙江省扎龙湿地及其周边地区多目标区域地球化学调查、第2次土壤普查数据为基础,通过不同土地利用方式下土壤全碳、有机碳密度、储量的估算,研究该地区20a来土壤碳库的变化趋势。结果显示：扎龙沼泽湿地区0-100cm土体的有机碳密度约为37884t／km^2;当沼泽地退化为草地或围垦为耕地后,土壤中有机碳的损失率高达66．...     

南非西布什维尔德杂岩体铂、钯、金区域地球化学测量

利用南非勒斯滕堡地区区域地球化学测量水系沉积物和土壤样品,采用化学光谱法测定Pt、Pd和Au三种元素,对该区布什维尔德杂岩体铂、钯和金进行区域地球化学勘查,发现新的铂族矿(带)异常,在主带上部和上部带底部发现新的Pt、Pd和Au的异常带。     

高频红外碳硫仪测定土壤和水系沉积物中的硫实验条件改进

硫是多目标区域地球化学调查项目中的必测元素。应用高频红外碳硫仪测定样品过程中,由于坩埚空白、管路中水蒸汽、样品称样量、样品和助熔剂叠放顺序、助熔剂添加量等因素影响,导致硫测试值的重复性和准确度差,甚至为负数。本文研究了以上因素对硫测试值重复性和准确度的具体影响以及解决措施,着重对样品称样量、样品和助熔剂叠放顺序、助熔剂添加量进行对比实验,优化出适合分析土壤和水系沉积物中硫含量的最佳条件。结果表明：在降低坩埚空白,严格控制仪器气管中湿度的情况下,采用0.08g样品、0.5g铁和1.0g钨三者混合燃烧的方式分析样品后,其校准曲线线性良好（r ≥ 0.9990）。对不同分析结果采用分段做校准曲线校准,结果对数差△lg为-0.036~0.062,RSD为7.13%~9.93%,两者均符合《多目标区域地球化学调查规范（1：2500000）》（DZ/T 0258-2014）中要求,说明本方法分析结果准确度高、重复性良好。     

多目标区域地球化学调查样品分析研讨会议纪要

受中国地质调查局基础调查部的委托,由中国地质调查局区化样品质量检查组主办,山西省地矿测试中心协办的"2009年多目标区域地球化学调查样品分析研讨会",于2009年9月10~12日在山西省太原市召开.参加这次会议的有20个省、市、自治区实验室,中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所、测试所及有关大区所实验室代表共60人.     

丘陵山区多目标区域地球化学调查不同成因表层土壤代表性研究——以浙江绍兴地区为例

当前,多目标区域地球化学调查工作已逐步进入丘陵山区,与平原区不同,丘陵山区地质背景更复杂,土壤成因类型和土地利用方式多变,土壤类型多样。如何布设土壤样点以客观真实地反映区域土壤地球化学分布特征是值得关注的问题。选择浙江绍兴市区以南40 km²的丘陵山区,按照多目标区域地球化学调查规范样品布设原则及采样要求,以4点/km²密度采集表层土壤样品,测定了38项元素指标含量。通过对比不同采样密度及不同成因土壤元素含量及其空间分布特征,开展丘陵山区表层土壤采样代表性研究。结果表明,多目标区域地球化学调查规范中的小格采样、大格组合分析方案能够很好地反映土壤元素区域地球化学分布模式;对于大多数元素指标而言,在丘陵山区以1点/km²密度采集能够代表采样单元格物质组成的冲积成因土壤,可更好地满足样品代表性要求。在评价As、Mn、Mo、Al₂O₃、MgO、K₂O等元素指标异常时,可倾向性地采集残坡积成因土壤。研究成果为丘陵山区多目标区域地球化学调查土壤样品采集方法的完善提供了...     

多目标化探数据与油气藏指标特征的相关性研究

油气的运移聚集和微渗漏作用都会引起地球化学环境的变化,导致油气田上方土壤中与有机质结合紧密的微量元素发生贫富变化。海量的多目标区域地球化学调查资料可以提供油气勘查的区域地球化学信息。利用松嫩平原南部多目标区域地球化学调查数据,结合松辽盆地已知油气田上方微量元素反映油气异常的效果,认为Cl、S、I、Sr、Ca O、TC、Br等微量元素指标与油气田区存在着响应关系,为该区预测油气的有效指标。     

2005年区域地球化学调查样品分析质量排序通报

根据中国地质调查局基础部要求，区域地球化学调查样品分析质量检查组对2005年承担多目标区域地球化学调查和区域化探样品分析的实验室进行了测试质量检查和验收。其中，进行测试质量检查的有吉林、辽宁、山西、河南、河北、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽、江苏、四川、物探所实验室；进行多目标区域地球化学调查样品测试质量验收的有湖南、安徽、江苏、四川、物探所实验室；进行区域化探样品测试质量验收的有物探所、内蒙、河北、四川、湖北、黑龙江实验室。     

Mass Spectrometric Isotope Dilution Determination Of Palladium in Geochemical Reference Samples

Fifteen geochemical reference samples have been analysed for palladium using the stable isotope dilution technique. These include seven USGS, five CRPG and three CCRMP samples. Our results ape in reasonable agreement with the presently accepted values for the USGS samples, but are significantly lower than the present CCRMP values. Our data for the CRPG samples are the first to be published. This is the first reported study of the determination of palladium in silicate samples using the isctope dilution technique.     

泡沫吸附-等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0．05-50．00g／t的样品能够满足要求。     

特征加权FCM算法在洪水样本分类中的应用

基于聚类分析和模糊数学的基本原理，对历史洪水建立属性和数值特征的洪水样本，并运用特征加权FCM算法对流域历史洪水特征样本进行聚类分析。在分散式新安江三水源模型的基础上对不同聚类的洪水分别进行参数率定．利用样本特征的模糊识别以提高实时水文预报的精度。     

Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of marine dissolved organic matter isolated using coupled reverse osmosis-electrodialysis

The coupled reverse osmosis-electrodialysis (RO/ED) method was used to isolate dissolved organic matter (DOM) from 16 seawater samples. The average yield of organic carbon was 75 ± 12%, which is consistently greater than the yields of organic carbon that have been commonly achieved using XAD resins, C₁₈ adsorbents, and cross-flow ultrafiltration. UV-visible absorbance spectra and molar C/N ratios of isolated samples were consistent with the corresponding properties of DOM in the original seawater samples, indicating that DOM samples can be isolated using the coupled RO/ED method without any bias for/against these two properties. Five of the samples were desalted sufficiently that reliable measurements of their ¹³C and ¹HNMR spectra and their Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectra could be obtained. The ¹³C and ¹HNMR spectra of RO/ED samples differed distinctly from those of samples that have been isolated in much lower yields by other methods. In particular, RO/ED samples contained a relatively lower proportion of carbohydrate carbon and a relatively greater proportion of alkyl carbon than samples that have been isolated using cross-flow ultrafiltration. From the FTICR mass spectra of RO/ED samples, samples from the open ocean contained a much lower proportion of unsaturated compounds and a much higher proportion of fatty acids than coastal samples.     

合成翡翠的实验探索

模拟天然翡翠成矿的物理、化学条件,参照硬玉各元素的理论质量分数,选用合适的化学试剂配制合成翡翠原料,采用高温固相法制备非晶质的、具有翡翠成分的玻璃料,再利用高压固相转变的原理,在高温高压设备上对其进行结构转化处理,使其在翡翠稳定区内结晶。X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、偏光显微镜矿物结构的分析结果表明：合成样品中的主要结晶矿物为硬玉,其红外吸收光谱与天然翡翠的基本一致,部分样品的结构转化较完全,结晶程度较好,且其硬度、密度及折射率等常规宝石学参数也与天然翡翠的十分相近。     

Clod Size and Moisture Condition Influence on the Shearing Behavior of Compacted Soil

This paper presents results of the influence of clod size and initial moisture condition on the shearing behavior of a clayey soil with a plasticity index of 22. The clods were divided into different size categories, and then two groups of samples were prepared; samples with large clods (LC = clod size less than 38 mm) and samples with small clods (SC = clod size less than 4.75 mm). Two initial moisture conditions were achieved using two different moisture tempering times of 0 and 14 days. All samples were compacted to the same density and moisture content (95 % of maximum dry density and 2 % dry of optimum moisture content). Triaxial compression tests, including constant water content unsaturated tests and backpressure saturated, isotropically consolidated, undrained compression tests were performed at different confining pressures. At 0-day tempering time, samples prepared using large clods were found to be stiffer and stronger than those prepared using small clods. However, at 14-day tempering time, the strength of both LC and SC samples was similar.     

Quantification of displacement and particle crushing around a penetrometer tip

Particle crushing occurs near the tip of a penetrometer and influences the development of the tip resistance.To study particle crushing near a penetrometer tip,a cone penetrometer was monotonically jacked and then load-tested in medium dense and dense silica sand samples prepared in a halfcylindrical calibration chamber with viewing windows.During the tests,images of the advancing penetrometer and the surrounding soil were taken using digital cameras and analyzed to obtain the displacement and strain fields around the penetrometer using the Digital Image Correlation(DIC)technique.Subsequently,soil samples were collected near the tip of the penetrometer using a novel agarimpregnation technique and digitized using an X-ray microscope.The digitized samples were analyzed to reconstruct the three-dimensional models of individual particles,generating the gradation and relative breakage parameters of the sand around the cone penetrometer.     

快速测定化探样品同一溶液中的铜铅锌砷锑铋

传统方法分析化探样品中的铜铅锌砷锑铋需两次称样、溶矿,工作量大、成本高。本文作者在原有方法上进行部分改进,采用王水一次溶矿,分别用原子吸收-原子荧光测定土壤化探样品中同一体系的铜铅锌砷锑铋的含量,经国家一级标准样品的验证,此种方法快捷、简便,其检出限、准确度和精密度均符合规范要求。     

High‐Mg# Olivine,Clinopyroxene and Orthopyroxene Reference Materials for In Situ Oxygen Isotope Determination

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) requires matrix‐matched reference materials to calibrate mass fractionation during oxygen isotope measurement. Over one thousand SIMS oxygen isotope measurements were conducted on eleven natural mineral samples (five olivines, three clinopyroxenes and three orthopyroxenes) in nineteen sessions using CAMECA IMS 1280 SIMS instruments to evaluate their potential as SIMS reference materials. The obtained results reveal oxygen isotope homogeneity of these samples. No matrix effect was measured for the same variety of mineral samples with limited Mg‐number variations (89.6–94.2, 90–91.9 and 90.1–92.1 for olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, respectively). The recommended oxygen isotope compositions of these samples were determined using laser fluorination. These samples are therefore suitable to be used as reference materials for in situ oxygen isotope microanalysis.     

水泥土抗压强度和变形模量试验研究

采用DWD-100型微机控制电子万能试验机,对不同水泥掺入比的棱柱体和立方体水泥土试块进行了单轴抗压试验,获得了水泥土材料抗压强度与养护龄期以及棱柱体抗压强度与立方体抗压强度之间的关系,并进一步结合三轴试验、水泥土梁的弯曲试验和引用已发表的现场静载荷试验数据,讨论了不同试验手段对测定水泥土变形模量的影响,认为采用棱柱体抗压强度测定水泥土变形模量比较简单、合理,并得出了水泥土变形模量与抗压强度的关系。