基于小波变换的固定式海洋平台结构损伤识别方法研究

小波变换在分析非平稳信号方面较傅立叶变换更有效,为了检测出海洋平台结构中裂缝或因刚度降低引起的损伤,对海洋平台的响应信号进行离散小波变换,通过分析变换后的信号是否有突变现象判断结构是否出现损伤,并结合模态应变能法实现了对结构损伤的定位,探讨了传感器位置对识别效果的影响。     

基于小波分析的海洋平台实时结构健康监测

由于海洋平台结构长期处于恶劣的海洋环境中,并受到各种载荷的交互作用,结构容易产生各种形式的损伤。因此,对海洋平台进行实时监测有着十分重要的现实意义。以单筒简易导管架平台为例,主要在结构损伤的判定和定位两方面对海洋平台的实时结构健康监测进行研究,结果表明通过对结构响应信号进行小波分析,小波变换系数和小波包能量分布可以很好地定义损伤识别指标。     

海洋平台结构损伤识别与定位新方法及试验验证

基于小波变换的时频局域化特性和BP神经网络的非线性映射特性,结合两者优点提出了基于小波包分析和神经网络方法的海洋平台三步法损伤定位方法。对海洋平台结构加速度响应信号进行小波包分析,提取小波包特征向量,将小波包结点能量变化量指标作为BP网络的输入向量,逐步确定损伤位置。设计一典型导管架式海洋平台试验模型,分别进行岸上脉冲激励及水池中波浪激励下平台结构损伤识别与定位模型试验,对该方法的可行性和适用性进行了验证。     

基于小波消噪和希尔伯特黄变换的损伤检测技术研究

针对经验模式分解(EMD)易受噪声影响的缺点,提出采用小波消噪结合Hilbert-Huang变换的结构损伤检测方法。首先对含噪声振动信号进行小波消噪预处理实现信噪分离,再进行EMD分解得到若干固有模态函数(IMF),利用希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换得到其瞬时频率。提出了一个基于低阶瞬时频率变化率的损伤判定指标,利用此指标可以判断损伤是否发生。数值研究结果表明小波消噪结合HHT的方法是进行损伤检测比较有效的方法。     

基于非线性能量阱的随机波浪载荷下导管架海洋平台的振动控制

海洋平台受到波浪等海洋环境的影响会产生明显而持续的振动,这些振动会造成平台结构疲劳损伤,影响平台上工作人员的舒适性与安全性。研究了随机波浪载荷作用下非线性能量阱(Nonlinear Energy Sink, NES)对固定式导管架海洋平台振动控制问题,并与调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)进行对比分析。通过建立NES—海洋平台系统动力学模型,从降低平台位移响应均方差的角度对NES的参数进行了优化设计,确定了随机波浪载荷作用下NES和TMD的最优参数。考虑结构刚度变化的问题,对NES和TMD的减振性能、系统瞬时能量传递和平台响应小波变化时频谱进行了对比分析。结果表明,NES可有效降低平台的在随机波浪载荷作用下的位移响应,NES中的瞬态共振俘获现象可使平台与NES之间产生靶能量传递(Targeted energy transfer, TET),与TMD相比较NES对刚度变化的鲁棒性更强。     

导管架平台健康监测中的信号处理技术

振动信号处理技术能够提取反映结构健康的特征信息,在导管架平台健康监测中发挥了重要作用。为了给导管架平台健康监测与振动特征提取的发展提供借鉴和指导,文中对导管架平台特征提取中常用的信号处理方法:傅里叶变换、小波变换和希尔伯特-黄(Hilbert-Huang)变换进行了综述,系统总结了它们的基本理论、适用范围、优缺点以及在导管架平台健康监测中的应用情况。文中发现傅里叶变换方法简单、适用性强,对于平稳信号有很好的处理效果;小波变换和希尔伯特-黄变换能很好地提取非平稳信号的时频特性,在导管架平台健康监测与特征提取中应用广泛。同时,随着人工智能算法的快速发展,未来的发展中,可以进行信号处理方法与人工智能算法的结合使用,以期获得更好的信号处理效果。     

番禺30-1导管架海洋平台结构振动监测与安全分析

番禺30-1平台是我国首座位于南海海域水深200 m的固定式导管架海洋平台结构,平台结构基频较低,在动载荷作用下平台结构极易发生振动响应,可能对平台结构构件、设备及人员造成一定的安全隐患。现场监测得到的番禺30-1平台结构振动响应统计数据发现,季风期平台结构在波浪作用下发生稳定持续的振动响应,偶然性拖船撞击平台结构桩腿时发生较为强烈的瞬态振动响应。运用有限元数值动力分析方法,结合相关规定对平台结构在波浪及拖船撞击时进行了结构安全性能分析,为平台结构的安全运行及安全保障提供参考价值。     

浅海导管架平台结构损伤诊断试验研究

基于模型试验研究了浅海导管架平台的结构损伤诊断,采用标量型ARMA模型识别出结构的三阶模态参数,分别采用遗传算法和模态应变能法对试验模型不同模拟损伤工况进行了损伤诊断。基于遗传算法,提出了采用不同自由度一阶模态参数的损伤诊断方法。研究表明,由于海洋平台的前三阶模态分别为不同自由度的一阶模态,采用两阶或三阶模态识别损伤时,损伤杆件影响较小的自由度方向的模态参数对结构的损伤诊断将产生不利的影响,成为识别噪声。因此,可分别采用不同自由度的一阶模态进行结构损伤诊断。     

浅谈数学变换在海洋技术中的应用

根据以往的工作积累,作者在文中介绍了在海洋技术中得到应用的几种数学变换,包括基于Fourier变换的频谱分析、波浪分离、相关分析及定义的H artley实现,连续M orlet小波变换在波浪信号分析中的应用,以及离散正交小波变换的降噪作用与悬沙图像的特征提取。文中通过公式推导和数据比较,展示了数学变换在海洋技术应用中的科学魅力。     

基于小波变换与神经网络的海洋平台结构损伤识别与定位研究

基于小渡变换的时频局域化特性和人工神经网络的非线性映射特性,将两者优点结舍发展了一种适用于海洋平台结构损伤识别与定位的新方法.以一典型海洋平台模型数值模拟结构损伤识别效果,结果表明将小渡变换和神经网络方法联合应用于海洋平台结构损伤识别与定位是切实可行的.     

Damage Detection Methods for Offshore Platforms Based on Wavelet Packet Transform

1 .IntroductionInthe whole service period of the platforms ,some damage is unavoidable due to the corrosion,impact ,fatigue and so on.The damage whould cause the structures’ultimate capacity and safety de-crease .Presently,it is generally acceptedthat the detection of damage involes considerable statisticaluncertainties,thus lot of efforts is made for the damage probalility model ,for example Song and Lu(1996) usedthefuzzy-settheoryto estimatethe humanerrorsthroughthe definitionof inspection…     

小波变换在水下目标回波奇异性检测中的应用

小波变换突破了传统Fourier变换等信号处理方法均限制,具有表征信号局部特征的能力,信号的局部奇异性包含了信号的许多重要信息,论文研究了信号的奇异性检测问题。给出小波变换和信号奇异性的关系,实现小波分析对信号各类奇异间断点的有效检测,最后进行实例分析,说明此理论与方法适用于对边缘信号与突变信号的处理和提取,为海底底质识别提供理论依据。     

Using incomplete modal data for damage detection in offshore jacket structures

The development of robust techniques for early damage detection for offshore structures is crucial to avoid the possible catastrophe caused by structural failures. This article applies the cross-model cross-mode (CMCM) method for damage detection that is capable of identifying the damage to individual members of offshore jacket platforms, when limited, spatially incomplete modal data is available. Basically, the CMCM method is classified as a direct, physical property adjustment model updating method. Implementing this method requires only a few modes measured from the damaged structure. In dealing with spatial incompleteness, this paper investigates both model reduction and modal expansion techniques. Specifically, either Guyan (static condensation) or SEREP (system equivalent reduction expansion process) transformation matrix, between the master and slave degrees-of-freedom, is employed in the model reduction or modal expansion process. One theoretical development is an iterative procedure to compute the transformation matrix associated with the (unknown) damaged structure. Numerical studies are conducted for a jacket platform with multiple damaged members based on synthetic data generated from finite-element models. The results suggest that (i) Guyan scheme always outperforms SEREP, (ii) model reduction is always better than modal expansion, and (iii) the CMCM method in conjunction with iterative Guyan reduction approach yields the best damage location and severity estimate.     

Residual compressive strength of inclined steel tubular members with local corrosion

In jacket-type offshore structures, corrosion damage affects the structural performance under compressive loading, which is created by the working and design loads of the main system. In this study, the effects of corrosion damage on the compressive structural behavior and strength of steel tubular members were investigated. Artificial corrosion damage was applied to the tubular specimens via mechanical processing and hand drilling to replicate the inclined nature of jacket-type offshore structures. The damage was applied to either half or all of the circumference of the specimens. The compressive failure modes of the artificially corroded tubular members were affected by the corrosion conditions. The compressive strengths were also affected by the level of corrosion. From the results of this study, the residual compressive strengths of corroded tubular steel members can be estimated based on the condition of the damaged sectional areas.     

Application of wavelet transforms to the decoupling of free-roll decay data

This study presents the results of the decoupling of a free-roll decay test by wavelet transforms. A free-roll decay test was performed to determine the coefficients of damping terms in equations of motion. No motion of the model was restricted during the experiment. A slight yaw motion was found while the model was in the free-roll decay motion. It was necessary to extract a pure roll motion from the experimental data. Wavelet transforms were applied to the signals to extract the pure roll motion. The results were compared to those found through the Fourier transform. Discrete wavelet transforms were able to efficiently decouple the test signals, while the continuous wavelet transform and the Fourier transform could not.     

利用海岸带遥感图像提取岸线的小波变换方法

小波变换作为一门新兴的数学分支已被广泛应用于图像处理领域。本文将小波变换应用于黄河三角洲遥感图像的边缘提取 ,检测出图像的边缘 ,从而得到了三角洲岸线信息。实验结果表明基于小波变换的图像边缘提取要优于经典边缘算子的提取。此方法对于把握河口三角洲的冲淤演变规律和海岸带开发具有重要意义     

Wavelet analysis for processing of ocean surface wave records

Wavelet analysis is a relatively new technique and in the recent years enormous interest in application of wavelets has been observed. This modern technique is particularly suitable for non-stationary processes as in contrast to the Fourier transform, (FT), the wavelet transform (WT) allows exceptional localization, both in time and frequency domains. The wavelet transform has been successfully implemented in signal and image processing, ordinary and partial differential equation theory, numerical analysis, communication theory and other fields. On the other hand, the application of the WT to ocean engineering and oceanography is rare. In this paper the WTs capability to give a full time–frequency representation of the wave signals is demonstrated. The processing of the time series of the non-stationary deep water waves, waves breaking at the tropical coral reefs and mechanically generated waves in the wave flume demonstrates the ability of the wavelet transform technique to detect a complex variability of these signals in the time–frequency domain. Various spectral representations resulting from the wavelet transform are discussed and their application for wave signals is shown.     

Wavelet transform based coherence analysis of freak wave and its impact

The present paper presents the results of a wavelet transform-based coherence analysis of freak wave and its impact. Wavelet transform has been used as a tool in analyzing signals in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain. The analysis was applied to laboratory-generated freak waves. The wavelet transform of the time history of the freak wave and its impact force revealed that a wide range of frequency components were contained in them. The coherence analysis was conducted on the wave and its impact force time histories. The coherence analysis revealed that some high-frequency components were highly correlated with the impact forces. The present study demonstrates that the wavelet transform can be an alternative tool in the analysis of strongly nonlinear freak wave and its impact.