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?????й?854??GPS/?????????EGM2008??EGM96?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????289??GPS/??????н????????????????????????????????????????????????EGM2008???EGM96???????á?     

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???ò????????????EGM2008??EGM96???????????????CLS01??DNSC08??WHU2009??CNES_CLS10?????????????????????????μ???????????λ???????????????θ????????λ????????62 636 858.333 3 m ² s ^-2 ?? 62 636 858.260 6 m ² s ^-2??????????EGM2008??????????????λ???С??1.40 m ² s ^-2?????????????????????????????????     

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???????????????????????δ???????λ??????????????GOCE????2009-11-01-2010-01-31???????????????????????????????120??ε??????????GOCE-AAA01S???????????????12???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????120??ε????????????±6.8 cm????6~120?????GOCE-AAA01S?????????EIGEN-CHAMP03S????102??????GOCE-AAA01S????????EGM96??????δ????????????????????????????λ??????г????????     

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????????λ???????????(111??120??E??35??42??N)1993??2004??6 771?ε???1.0??M??6.6???????λ???????λ???????????????????????????????????????????????;???o?????·???????????????????????????б???????????????????????????????????20 km????60 km???????25 km??34 km?????40 km;83%???????????λ??0??15 km??Χ?????????????λ???????????????(7??21 km)????????????????????????????????????????????????;???92%???????????λ??1??24 km??????24 km??????????????????????硣     

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??????????λ???PANDA?????????纣????????2009??2011??2013??????3??GNSS?????????д????????????ITRF2008?μ???????????????з??????ó?????????????????仯????E???????32.16 mm/a????N???????-10.08 mm/a?????????????????????λ?????????????????????μ?????????     

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??Bernese??????ж??ο???????????????????????t??????λ??????λ??,??????????13??????????2013\|07\|23??29?????????е??????????GPS??λ????????????????????????λ???????cm??????????λ???????mm??????     

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????GRACE?????????????????н???????????????139????????????????????????????仯??ο???????????ж?????????????????????????80%????????????????????????????????????λ???????С???????1 mm???????????????????????????????????????仯???????λ????????????С1.4??1.6 mm??     

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??10???????FG5-112?????????????й???????????????????о?????嶯??????????????????????68??????????ι????????????С??2??10 ^-8 ms ^-2???????????????????????С?????????????;????????????????????????????????????仯?????1??10 ^-8 ms ^-2 /a??????????λ???????-0.38 cm/a;??????????λ?仯??????????????????????????????     

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???????GPS????????????????????????????λ????????????????????????????о????????????λ??仯?????????????????????????????2006????????2008?????????????????仯?????????????????????????2006??????????λ???????2004??2010??????????????????????2006??3??4????????????????????????????????????????????????????2006??7??4????????????????????????????Ms5.1??????2008????????????????λ?????????????????????Ms8.0?????????????α?     

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???????????GPS????1995???????????????6???????????????????GPS?λ??仯????????仯????????У???????1999??9??20???UTC????弯??Ms7.7???????2001??12??18???UTC????????Ms7.6??????????GPS??????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????С???????Ms7.7???????????GPS????????????????????λ???????????????????????????????????????????????????1997??2001????????????????仯???????????????????????????7??????????????????????????????γ????????￡????????????????ε????????????????     

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??4???????2006??10??9??1?????????????????(GRF2006)??????????????????1)????????????????????????????????μ???????ο????2005(ITRF2005)?????2)????????????????????????????????????????????????????3)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4)??????????????е??????????:??????????漼?????????????????????????????????á??????????????????λ??????仯???????λ?????\,????????????????????     

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??????????????Χ??GPS??????????????з?????????t???????λ?????????α?????50 km??Χ????GPS????α???????????????????70 mm????????????30 s???????λ??????????????????α????????λ???????????У???С?????о???????????????29 km????????λ???21 mm????????150 km???λ???1??2 mm????GPS???????α????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????и???20 km????????廬?????0.6 m??GPS????????α??о????????????????????????????????ε?????????????????