东濮凹陷沙三段正常三角洲沉积中遗迹化石及意义

通过对钻井岩心的观察和遗迹化石的鉴定,在东濮凹陷古近纪沙河街组沙三段发现遗迹化石10属15种,包括:Skolithos vertivalis,Skolithos linearis,Skolithos isp.,Palaeophycus tubularis,Palaeophycus isp.,Planolites montanus,Planolites beverlegensis,Planolites isp.,Mermoides isp.,Taenidium isp.,Teichichnus isp.,Helminthoidichnites tenuis,Helminthopsis isp.,Beaconites isp.和Thalassinoides isp.。根据岩性特征、沉积构造和遗迹化石的组成、分布特征,研究区沙三段主要发育正常三角洲前缘亚相、前三角洲亚相,并划分了反映不同沉积环境和水体深度的2种遗迹组合,分别为Palaeophycus-Planolites遗迹组合和Planolites-Helminthoidichnites遗迹组合。     

豫西济源地区早三叠世和尚沟组湖相遗迹化石及遗迹组构

豫西济源地区早三叠世和尚沟组滨浅湖沉积中动物遗迹化石共鉴定出9个遗迹属10个遗迹种。包括Arenicolites isp., Beaconites coronus, Cylindricum isp., Palaeophycus heberti, Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites isp., Psilonichnus isp., Scoyenia gracilis, Skolithos linearis和Taenidium barretti等。根据遗迹化石分布特征及沉积环境分析,可识别出三种遗迹组构1）Scoyenia遗迹组构,反映了干旱气候条件下的滨湖沉积环境;2）Planolites—Taenidium遗迹组构,属于湖泊水体逐渐变浅的浅湖沉积环境;3）Psilonichnus遗迹组构,代表了水动力由弱到强的湖泊三角洲沉积环境。     

新疆柯坪地区志留系柯坪塔格组的遗迹化石

通过对柯坪地区剖面志留系的研究,在柯坪塔格组中已识别出遗迹化石15属20种,它们是：Asterichnus lawrencensis,Cochlichnus anguineus, Cruziana ichnosp., Cruziana qinlingensis, Cruziana rouaulti, Diplichnites bipartibilis,Gordia molassica, Helminthopsis abeli, Helminthopsis isp., Lockeia siliquaria ,Monocraterion cf. teataculatum, Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites isp.,Planolites montanus, Planolites punctatus, Rusophycus ramellensis,?Scolicia ichnosp., Sagittichnus lincki,Spirophycus bicornis,Taenidium cameronensis。根据这些遗迹化石的组成、产状、分布规律及其围岩的沉积特征,可以划分为2种不同沉积环境条件下的遗迹组合,即(1)Helminthopsis-Gordia遗迹组合, 主要组成分子有Asterichnus, Diplichnites,Gorida, Helminthopsis, Planolites, Rusophycus,?Scolicia和Spirophycus,等,被解释形成于低能的滨外远岸浅海陆棚环境;(2)Cruziana-Rusophycus遗迹组合,常见组成分子有Cochlichnus,Cruziana, Lockeia, Palaeophycus,Rusophycus, Monocraterion,Sagittichnus,和Taenidium等,解释它们形成于滨外近岸浅海陆棚环境。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组潮坪沉积中的遗迹化石

在塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组中共发现遗迹化石 11属 12种,包括Skolithoslinearis、Skolithosverticalis、Ophiomorphanodosa、Arenicolitesisp.、Cylindrichnusisp.、Thalassinoidessuevicus、Diplocraterionparallelum、Taenidi umsatanassi、Macaronichnussegregatis、Palaeophycustubularis、Planolitesbeverlegensis和Cochlichnusanguineus。这些遗迹化石主要是无脊椎动物的居住迹、进食迹和觅食迹,其中大部分呈全浮痕保存,少数呈上浮痕或下浮痕保存。按其古生态和沉积学特征,可划分出三个遗迹组合:①Skolithos-Thalassinoides遗迹组合,代表了平坦底型条件下的砂坪沉积环境;②Planolites-Palaeophycus遗迹组合,反映了潮间带砂泥坪沉积环境;③Cochlichnus-Planolites遗迹组合,代表了平均低潮线附近的泥坪沉积环境。     

豫西登封地区寒武系张夏组中部生物扰动构造及其地质意义

掘穴生物作为生态系统工程的建造者,其对沉积物进行的改造直接影响了沉积物的物理化学性质,进而影响了底栖生态系统。豫西登封地区寒武系苗岭统张夏组中部薄层微晶灰岩中发育大量的生物扰动构造,利用地球生物学、古生物学和生物扰动指数等方法,探讨了生物扰动构造的形成环境及其对沉积物的影响。研究表明,研究区张夏组中部生物扰动构造特征多为扰动边界模糊不清,生物扰动指数（BI）为2 ~ 5,说明该沉积期食物充足,氧气含量高。此外,在生物扰动中识别出3种遗迹化石：Thalassinoides bacae,Planolites isp.和Rhizocorallium isp.,说明生物扰动构造为多种生物造迹形成的。依据寒武系苗岭统张夏组中部的遗迹化石以及沉积特征,可知其整体处于偶尔受到风暴影响的滩间局限台地环境。     

基于全岩心CT的遗迹化石识别及沉积环境分析:以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块为例*

遗迹化石研究对于沉积环境分析具有重要意义。以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块下白垩统McMurray组为研究对象,利用高分辨率岩心照片和全岩心CT扫描资料,在确认研究目的层遗迹化石发育属种、单体规模、组合类型及指相特征的基础上,分析了主力油砂层的沉积环境。结果表明: 目的层发育遗迹化石10属12种,包括Asterosoma isp.,Chondrites isp.,Diplocraterion isp.,Ophiomorpha nodosa,Palaeophycus tubularis,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites isp.,Rosselia isp.,Skolithos verticalis,Skolithos isp.,Teichichnus isp.,Thalassinoides isp.;根据遗迹化石产状与围岩沉积特征,建立了Ophiomorpha-Skolithos、Asterosoma-Chondrites-Rosselia和Teichichnus-Rosselia￣Thalassinoides共3种遗迹组合,分别代表潮间带、潮下带以及浅海陆棚沉积环境中的遗迹化石组成特征。研究区油砂层优质储油砂体为潮间带沉积产物,潮汐砂坝、潮成砂脊为沥青的主要储集体。本研究既体现了全岩心CT资料在遗迹化石研究中的应用,也为潮坪沉积环境分析提供了有益参考。     

Cambrian trace fossils of the Cruziana ichnofacies from the Bikaner-Nagaur Basin,north western Indian Craton

The Marwar Supergroup of the Bikaner-Nagaur Basin is composed of sediments deposited from the late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) to Upper Cambrian. The Nagaur Sandstone Formation of the Nagaur Group (uppermost division of the Marwar Supergroup) preserves trace fossils significant for establishing Early Cambrian biostratigraphic zones and depositional facies. Fifteen ichnospecies (and eight ichnogenera) identified in the Nagaur Sandstone Formation include “Treptichnus” pedum, Cruziana cf. tenella, Cruziana isp., Diplichnites ispp. A, B, and C, Gyrophyllites isp., Lockeia isp., Merostomichnites isp., Monomorphichnus gregarius isp. nov., Monomorphichnus isp., Planolites isp., Psammichnites isp., Rusophycus bikanerus isp. nov., Rusophycus cf. carbonarius, Rusophycus isp. and radial trace fossils.These trace fossils belong to ethological categories pascichnia, repichnia, cubichnia, and fodinichnia and represent arthropod and worm-like burrowing biota. The assemblage and a regional comparison with contemporaneous trace fossils in the eastern Gondwanan realm suggest that the sequence in the study area belongs to the Cruziana tenella Ichnozone and to Stage 2 (upper part of Terreneuvian), however the Middle Cambrian is not excluded. The trace fossil assemblage belongs to the archetypal Cruziana ichnofacies. Cross bedded sandstone, mud cracks and rainprints in the ichniferous strata of the Nagaur Sandstone Formation indicate deposition in an intertidal sand flat with channels that was exposed episodically.     

重庆秀山志留系小溪组的发现与迴星哨组的厘定

依据对重庆秀山地区微体化石(主要指植物碎片和疑源类)和大型虫管遗迹化石研究,对迴星哨组进行了厘定,将它一分为二,上部为志留纪晚期的小溪组,下部为厘定后的迴星哨组.厘定后的迴星哨组以紫红色粉砂质泥岩为主,与下伏秀山组呈整合接触,与上覆小溪组呈假整合接触,地质时代为Llandovery世Telychian晚期.基于对贵州印...     

贵阳地区下三叠统安顺组遗迹化石及古环境意义

贵阳地区下三叠统安顺组中的遗迹化石是研究P-T生物大灭绝后古环境、古生态的良好材料,在研究区发现、描述了8个遗迹属,9个遗迹种。安顺组中遗迹化石的垂向分布表明:安顺组一段以结构单一、个体较小的遗迹化石Planolites montanus,Palaeophycus curvatus和Phycodes palmatus为主;二、三段中遗迹化石属种增多、生物扰动增强,除了一段的3个遗迹种外还发现有6个遗迹种:Beaconichnus darwinum,Chondrites recurvus, Thalassinoides paradoxicus,Thalassinoides horizontalis,Arenicolites isp.,Rhizocorallium commune,在三段出现的复杂遗迹化石Rhizocorallium commune和Thalassinoides paradoxicus代表了本地区海洋环境在早三叠世晚期的重大改善。岩性特征和生物化石特征表明安顺组一段上部为台缘浅滩环境,二段为碳酸盐岩台地边缘斜坡环境,三段为靠近台地边缘的潮间-潮下环境,在一至三段沉积期,海水含氧条件有所改善,研究区处于浅海“宜居带”上。安顺组四段沉积于半局限台地内的潮间-潮上环境,处于“宜居带”之外,在此区域遗迹化石不发育,生物活动相对较弱。早三叠世奥伦尼克期遗迹化石发育特征表明生物复苏活动在碳酸盐岩台地边缘带相对活跃。     

扬子板块西北缘下泥盆统平驿铺组双壳类遗迹化石

四川北部广元地区下泥盆统平驿铺组产出丰富的双壳类遗迹化石,但尚未开展过系统的遗迹学工作,也未进行过行为学与古生态学分析。文中针对四川广元马家剖面平驿铺组中部地层开展沉积学和系统遗迹学研究,在陆棚至近滨带下部沉积中共识别出3个属种的双壳类遗迹化石,包括Lockeia siliquaria,Protovirgularia rugosa,Ptychoplasma vagans,以及其他无脊椎动物门类遗迹化石Cruziana problematica,Dimorphichnus isp.,Lophoctenium isp.等。对双壳类遗迹化石的出现方式、形态以及保存特征的分析表明,平驿铺组中部曾出现过2种类型的双壳类,分属具分叉足(原鳃目)和楔状足的类群。原鳃目分布于过渡带和陆棚区,营沉积物摄食生活;受高能事件或沉积物掩埋影响,它们由停息状态变为“逃逸”状态的行为产生了Pro.rugosa。具楔状足的双壳类依生态类型可分为2类：在过渡带与陆棚区,漫游的、营沉积物摄食的类型产生了Pty.vagans;而在近滨下部,滤食性双壳类居群则在不同期次高能事件的间隙对沉积物进行大规模殖居,产生了L.sil...     

Neoproterozoic trace fossils vs. microbial mat structures: Examples from the Tandilia Belt of Argentina

The Tandilia Belt in northeast Argentina includes a Neoproterozoic sequence of sediments (Sierras Bayas Group), in which the Cerro Largo Formation, ca. 750 Ma in age, forms a siliciclastic, shallowing upward succession of subtidal nearshore to tidal flat deposits. Trace fossils Palaeophycus isp. and Didymaulichnus isp. have been described from the upper part of this succession. Specific sedimentary structures consisting of round-crested bulges, arranged in a reticulate pattern, and networks of curved cracks are associated with the trace fossils. These structures are considered to be related to epibenthic microbial mats that once colonized the sediment surface. They reflect stages of mat growth and mat destruction, if compared to analogous structures in modern cyanobacterial mats of peritidal, siliciclastic depositional systems. Also the trace fossils are interpreted as mat-related structures, partly forming components of networks of shrinkage cracks, partly representing the upturned and involute margins of shrinkage cracks or circular openings in desiccating and shrinking, thin microbial mats.

The definition of Didymaulichnus miettensis Young as a Terminal Proterozoic trace fossil is questioned, and it may be considered to interpret the ‘bilobate’ structure as the upturned, opposite margins of microbial shrinkage cracks which have been brought back into contact by compaction after burial.     

Zoophycos and related trace fossils from the Chefar El Ahmar Formation,Upper Emsian-Frasnian Ia-Ib (Ougarta,SW Algeria)

The Upper Emsian to Frasnian Ia-Ib strata of the Marhouma area (or “km 30” outcrop), exposed in the Ougarta Range (SW Algeria) belong to the Chefar El Ahmar Formation. On the basis of distinct lithological and palaeontological features, this formation is subdivided into three members (Lower Marly Limestones Member, Middle Marly Limestones Member, and Upper Marly Limestones Member). The studied beds show low to moderate diversity of trace fossil assemblage which contains thirteen ichnotaxa: Chondrites intricatus, Chondrites isp., Chondrites cf. targionii, Circulichnis cf. montanus, Cochlichnus isp., Neonereites biserialis, Neonereites multiserialis, Nereites isp., Palaeophycus isp., Planolites isp., Thalassinoides isp., Zoophycos aff. cauda-galli, and Zoophycos isp. A. The two latter ichnotaxa are the most common trace fossils in the assemblage and occur at three different levels showing different bioturbation intensities. The first Zoophycos-bearing level (Zl 1) is characterised by an overall high bioturbation intensity reflecting a very high oxygenation rate and nutrient supply, allowing the development of large and dense Zoophycos specimens. The second Zoophycos-bearing level (Zl 2) has a considerable reduction of bioturbation intensity as compared to the previous level, with an abundance of Chondrites, which is probably due to radical palaeoecological changes that suggests dysoxic and stressful conditions. The third Zoophycos-bearing level (Zl 3) is characterised by an overall moderate bioturbation intensity. The distribution of trace fossils was influenced by lithology, sedimentation rate, energy level (storm events), bottom oxygenation, and nutrient supply. The lithofacies and trace fossils of the Chefar El Ahmar Formation both indicate a depositional environment fluctuating from the lower shoreface to lower offshore zone.     

贵阳乌当泥盆系马鬃岭组上部地层中的遗迹化石

本文首次描述贵阳乌当泥盆系马鬃岭组上部地层中产出的遗迹化石10属,lO种（其中1个新遗迹种）,并对这些遗迹化石产出层位的沉积环境作了初步分析,认为主要属于Seilacher（1964,1967）的Skolithos遗迹相,为水动力条件较强的高能滨海沉积环境。     

贵州丹寨南皋地区中寒武统甲劳组的遗迹化石

贵州丹寨南皋是中国南方寒武系典型地层剖面的地区之一.描述了产自中寒武统甲劳组的遗迹化石Chondrites ichnosp., Beaconichnus jiaolaoensis (nov. ichnosp.), Bifungites ichnosp., Diplichnites danzhaiensis (nov. ichnosp.), Monomorphichnus taenia (nov. ichnosp.), Palaeophycus tubularis, Phycodes pedum, Teichichnus rectus, T. palmatu. 对Beaconichnus Gevoers,1973和Qipanshanichnus Luo et Tao,1994进行了对比研究,认为这2个遗迹属为同一遗迹的不同部位,为同义名.甲劳组的遗迹化石组合属Seilacher(1964,1967)的Cruziana遗迹相,其沉积环境应为浪基面之下水动能中等的正常浅海环境.     

Oxfordian plug-shaped trace fossils from northwestern Algeria

Plug-shaped trace fossils B. perata, B. hemispherica, Bergaueria isp., Calycraterion samsonowiczi, Conostichus ornatus and Conostichus isp. are found in the middle-upper Oxfordian fine-grained sandstone of the Argiles de Saïda Formation (northwestern Algeria). Except for the trace Calycraterion which is interpreted as an annelid trace, these traces correspond to distinct behaviours of sea anemones, and their occurrence within tempestite deposits is influenced by a stress factors in a storm-dominated environment. The abundance of these plug-shaped trace fossils suggests that the upper Jurassic siliciclastic shelves with fine-grained soft clastic substrate were colonised by actinarian sessile benthos.     

贵州江口震旦系陡山沱组沉积层序和沉积环境分析

通过对贵州江口桃映及邻区的坝黄、石竹溪的陡山沱组剖面的沉积序列研究,将陡山沱组划分为2个海侵-海退层序,并根据层序对比认为陡山沱期的生物群均产于陡山沱期第二次海平面开始上升之后形成的沉积中.从晚震旦世陡山沱期的第二次海侵开始是多细胞藻类、后生动物的第一次"爆发".桃映陡山沱组剖面产庙河生物群分子的沉积为局限滞流海盆沉积,进一步证明了庙河生物群型宏体生物的生存、保存环境模式仅限于局限滞流海盆中,为贫氧环境.     

Integrated ichnological and sedimentological studies of the Parahio Formation (Cambrian) of the Zanskar region (Zanskar-Spiti Basin), Northwest Himalaya

Lower-Middle Cambrian (Lungwangmiaoan-Hsuchuangian stage) Parahio Formation (Kunzam La Formation) exposed at Purni Village, Niri-Tsarap Chu Valley of Zanskar region of Tethyan Himalaya has yielded a high diversity and abundant ichnofossils with myriapod trackways. It includes Cruziana isp., Phycodes palmatum, Diplocraterion isp., Diplichnites isp., Dimorphichnus isp., Tapherhelminthopsis cf. circularis, Teichichnus isp., Monomorphicnus isp., Lockeia isp., Skolithos isp., Planolites isp., Palaeophycus isp., Isopodichnus isp., and arthropod appendage marks. Integration of ichnological and sedimentological studies for measured part of the Parahio Formation (Cambrian) reveals that alternating energy conditions due to recurring storm events were superimposed on low energy fair-weather sediments. The post-depositional Arenicolites ichnofacies, preserved within the high-energy storm beds of shoreface deposits, commonly overlies the fair-weather assemblage of pre-depositional Cruziana ichnofacies of relatively more offshore deposits, which contains more diverse and varied behavioral signatures of various deposit feeders. The traces of the Cruziana ichnofacies are abruptly replaced by traces of Arenicolites ichnofacies and show reiteration throughout the measured part of the Parahio Formation. The ichnofabric indices in these deposits range from ii3–ii5. No discrete sets of tiers are observed; perhaps there were two coeval communities. Ichnologically, an idealized wave-dominated progradational cycle in the Parahio Formation is characterized, from base to top, by a Cruziana ichnofacies (lower-upper offshore to offshore transition) and storm related Arenicolites ichnofacies (shoreface). Each progradational cycle reflects a progressive increase in sand content, degree of oxygenation, hydrodynamic energy and dearth of food. These environmental factors controlled the vertical distribution of trace fossils in Parahio Formation. The occurrence of Cruziana ichnoassociation much below the Middle Cambrian trilobite horizon in the Parahio Formation restricts the age of this part of the formation to the pre-Middle Cambrian, probably series 2 of Cambrian system.     

湖南张家界地区志留纪晚期地层新见兼论小溪组的时代

就华南板块而言,志留纪晚期(Ludlow世—Pridoli世)近岸浅海、非笔石相地层多分布在边缘海湾处,是否在扬子地台内部发育,以往尚无确凿记载。依据来自湘西北张家界—桑植地区新近发现的微体化石(主要指植物碎片),确认志留纪晚期地层在扬子地台内部确实存在。对原小溪组(又称小溪峪组)进行厘定,将它"一分为二":上部仍称小溪组,命名地在桑植瑞塔铺,发育最好的是张家界温塘剖面,岩性为黄绿色碎屑岩,富含大型虫管遗迹化石,时代为Ludlow晚期—Pridoli早期;下部称迴星哨组,归于Llandovery统Telychian阶上部。小溪组与迴星哨组之间为假整合接触,缺失Telychian末期、Wenlock世和Ludlow世早期地层。由此得出结论:在"扬子上升"后,扬子地台内部曾被志留纪晚期的海水侵漫;对其他地区迴星哨组与上覆地层的研究需要细化。     

四川盆地南部赤水地区下三叠统嘉陵江组遗迹化石及其沉积环境

在赤水地区嘉陵江组中共发现遗迹化石4个属8个种,其中有3个未定种,即Palaeophycus tubularis(管状古藻迹),Palaeophycus curvatus(弯曲古藻迹),Palaeophycusisp.A(古藻迹未定种A),Palaeophycus isp.B(古藻迹未定种B),Planolites octichnus(八曲漫游迹),Helminithopsis abeli(阿伯尔拟蠕形迹),Helminithopsis isp(似蠕虫迹未定种),Phycodes pedum(足状拟藻迹)。这些遗迹化石主要为无脊椎动物的觅食迹和进食迹,其中多数为下浮雕保存,其次为上浮雕保存,少数为全浮雕保存。根据遗迹相组合特征,结合沉积相分析,可划分出两个遗迹组合:Palaeophycus遗迹组合,代表的是水体较浅、受短期海平面变化影响较大的灰岩坪沉积环境;Planolites-Helminithopsis遗迹组合,代表的是与Palaeophycus遗迹组合相比水体较深、能量较低的开阔海台地的台内洼地环境。     

湘潭县岳麓山组中遗迹化石组合及环境分析

该文对岳麓山组遗迹化石进行了较系统研究，初步建立了５个遗迹化石组合，分别指出了该组由下往上的５个沉积微相相序，指出其总体上属于中低能的潮间－潮下带上部沉积环境，与产出围岩原生沉积构造环境差别结果一致。