产业结构生态预警研究——以甘肃省为例

区域产业的发展及其组合类型、强度的变化都将对生态环境产生强烈的胁迫。有关经济、环境预警的基本方法引入产业结构生态预警研究中,建立了产业结构生态预警的指标体系及预警模型,并以甘肃省为例进行了产业结构生态效应的景气预警和景兆预警评价。研究发现,1996- 2004年间,有2/3年份的产业结构生态效应处于巨警状态;2005-2009年间,所有年份的产业结构生态效应都处于重警状态。     

基于组合模型的煤炭城市生态安全预警研究——以焦作市为例

从城市复合生态系统视角出发,构建具有煤炭资源型城市特色的压力-状态-响应(PSR)和自然-社会-经济(NES)评价模型相融合的复合指标体系。在差异系数法组合权重的基础上,借助MATLAB软件,应用等维新息灰色神经网络(DGM-RBF)动态组合预警模型,对焦作市生态安全动态演变进行预警分析。结果表明:焦作市2000—2022年生态安全指数呈稳定上升的趋势,安全警度由"巨警"下降为"轻警"。压力、状态、响应3个子系统生态安全指数呈波浪式上升的趋势,安全警度由"巨警"或"重警"下降为"轻警"。自然、经济、社会三大影响因素中,经济因素安全指数上升比较平稳,警情由巨警逐步过渡到无警状态;自然和社会因素安全指数上升波动较大,且在2015年后的个别年份出现了负向演化和迅速恶化的趋势。焦作市未来5年内生态安全仍处于轻警状态。     

基于属性识别模型的区域土地生态安全评价——以徐州市为例

土地生态安全评价是土地生态安全研究的前提和基础,而目前土地生态安全评价的方法及评价标准尚处于探索中。以徐州市为例,根据PSR概念模型框架构建区域土地生态安全评价的指标体系,采用层次分析法结合信息熵法确定权重,运用属性识别模型,进行了区域土地生态安全评价方法的探索。结果表明2006年徐州市整体土地生态安全状况处于良好状态,下属县市也都处于良好状态,而市区则处于预警状态,土地生态安全状况较差,基本与当地的实际情况相符合。基于属性识别模型的评价方法能同时实现生态安全等级的分类和排序,在具有评价标准的生态系统综合评价中具有一定的应用价值。     

泸沽湖景区生态安全评价

以生态安全理论为基础,探讨了旅游地生态安全评价的理论和方法。运用压力-状态-响应（P—S—R）指标体系模型对泸沽湖景区1996-2005年生态安全评价表明,景区生态安全度较高。其中1996～2001年泸沽湖区处于比较安全状态,2002-2005年处于安全状态,10年间泸沽湖景区生态安全度呈上升趋势。水环境问题、旅游用地及游客量增长率是泸沽湖景区生态安全度主要的限制因子,并提出了加强水环境治理、提高生态环境质量、发展生态旅游、加大生态环境建设力度和加强生态环境监测的生态安全建设方案。     

基于RBF的湖南省土地生态安全动态预警

基于1996-2010 年湖南省土地生态安全的相关数据, 从压力、状态、响应3 方面构建湖南省土地生态安全预警指标体系, 运用RBF模型对2011-2015 年湖南省土地生态安全演变趋势进行预测, 并结合预警指数和警度标准对1996-2015 年湖南省土地生态安全警情状况进行分析, 结果表明:① RBF模型有较高的模拟精度, 能够较好地拟合2011-2015 年湖南省土地生态安全各系统的发展趋势。② 就各子系统的安全警度而言, 1996-2010 年湖南省土地生态安全的压力和状态系统的警度呈波动上升趋势, 响应系统的警度呈下降趋势, 2011-2015 年, 压力系统将逐步由“中警”(黄灯) 转变为“重警”(橙灯), 状态系统将处于“中警”(黄灯) 状态, 响应系统将处于“无警”(绿灯) 状态。③ 总体而言, 1996-2010 年, 湖南省土地生态安全警度呈略有下降态势, 2011-2015 年, 预警指数将处于0.42 左右, 警度将处于“中警”(黄灯) 状态。④ 影响湖南省土地生态安全的主要因素包括农业经济比重、建设占用耕地面积量、自然灾害受灾面积比重、人均建设用地面积、第三产业比重、自然保护区面积比重等, 是今后调控的重点。     

2000—2009年重庆市土地资源生态安全评价及趋势分析

针对重庆市土地资源的特点及问题,在国内关于区域土地生态安全研究成果的基础上,基于压力-状态-响应框架模型,构建了一套土地资源生态安全评价指标体系,采用熵权赋权法确定指标权重,运用土地资源生态安全综合模型对该区域2000—2009年的土地生态安全综合指数进行了计算。结果表明,区域土地生态安全综合指数由2000年的0.160升高至2009年的0.695,2000年土地生态安全属于敏感级,2009年则进入良好级,整体生态安全状态呈好转趋势,但土地所受的生态压力整体上有所加大。土地生态安全状况的改善主要依赖于对土地生态环境的治理,现阶段土地的生态压力依然严峻。对2000—2009年的土地生态安全变化进行趋势拟合,显示土地生态安全综合状况已进入快速改善阶段。     

中国伊犁河流域生态建设战略与互动模式

运用流域生态学和生态恢复学理论与方法,分析伊犁河流域生态环境背景和利弊因素,划分伊犁河流域为河谷次生林封育治理区、伊犁河谷平原农业和农林牧综合生态建设区、沙漠防风固沙林建设区、逆温带生态经济林建设区、山地水源涵养林建设区、高山冰雪及高寒荒漠生态区等生态建设区,以及乌孙山北部山前平原生态建设重点区;通过对各建设区的分析评价以及流域生态环境特点、资源配置结构、生态服务建设功能耦合关系的研究,提出流域垂直立体的生态建设格局、方向、重点等战略措施,以及流域生态与大农业"双赢"互动模式。为实现流域生态良性循环与大农业可持续发展提供依据。     

广州市土地安全预警系统与RBF评估模型的构建

土地资源安全预警是区域资源安全研究的重点,通过构建具有实际操作意义的土地资源安全预警系统,可以进行土地资源安全的综合分析,以此来判断城市土地资源安全变化趋势。以广州市为例,应用人工神经网络改进模型(RBF)进行土地资源安全的综合评价,表明广州市土地资源安全已由轻警转为中警状态。实践证明RBF模型对土地资源安全综合评价具有较高的客观性和准确性。     

基于投影寻踪法的滇中经济区土地资源生态安全评价

土地资源的可持续利用是当前国土资源开发与保护的主要内容,土地资源生态环境安全是土地资源可持续利用的基础,而土地资源生态安全评价是土地资源生态安全研究核心内容。本研究以云南省统计年鉴为数据源,首先采用"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应"模型进行了滇中经济区土地资源生态安全评价指标体系的构建,进而利用投影寻踪法来确定土地资源生态安全评价权重。结果表明,滇中经济区42个县区的土地资源生态安全态势分布不均匀,即便是都处在经济发达的昆明市,资源状况也有较大差异;昆明市、楚雄州、玉溪市、曲靖4个市的土地生态安全利用压力层、状态层、响应层方面差距大;驱动力层有差异但差异较小,影响层几乎没什么差异。     

基于PSR-TOPSIS模型的闽侯县生态安全动态评价

生态安全是区域可持续发展的基础保障,是生态建设的核心内容．闽侯县是福州城市扩展的重点区域,亦是福建省会福州生态安全的关键保障区域．本研究运用PSR（“压力-状态-响应”）框架模型构建区域生态安全评价指标体系,选择多目标决策方法熵权“TOPSIS法”（逼近于理想值的排序方法）评价闽侯县2005-2010年的生态安全动态变化特征．结果显示2005-2010年闽侯县生态安全平均水平处于预警状态,闽侯县亟待改变区域发展模式,增强内涵发展刻不容缓;研究发现生态安全等级水平为生态压力-状态-响应的综合作用,生态系统状态与生态安全水平密切相关,而生态压力和生态响应对生态安全水平起着系统动态调节作用．     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,