香花岭地区多源地学信息复合处理图像的地质应用

本文介绍了遥感、物化探、地质等信息复合图像增强处理的基本技术方法.对多源地学信息复合处理图像新发现的色异常、线性和环形构造的分布、影像特征做了较详细的叙述;并探讨了该区的环形和线性构造对多金属矿的控矿作用,认为香花岭地区是环形和线形构造的复合控矿,在此基础上建立了香花岭矿田遥感影像模式:在环形构造内,发育北西向和北东向线性构造组合,交叉成“井”字型格式,控制金属矿的分布.根据已知矿床特征和相应影像特征的关系,提出细密线性影像和环、线交切影像两种找矿标志,指出上述标志在湘南花岗岩发育地区具有普遍找矿意义.文章最后根据多种信息综合分析,圈定了两个找矿有望地段,取得了良好的找矿效果.     

澜沧老厂矿床线-环结构模式拟建及成矿预测

根据矿床遥感地质理论，解译分析老厂矿床线、环构造及蚀变信息，并结合地质、物化探信息，拟建老厂矿床线-环结构模 式。在区域性北西向线性构造带遥感地质背景下，南北轴向南老环和东西轴向透镜体系列叠加形成老厂环-环横叠式结构，二者分 别反映华力西期火山洼地和燕山-喜山期隐伏中酸性岩体，其叠加地段是有利成矿部位。影像上受北北西向线性构造控制的色调异 常斑块显示了近矿围岩蚀变的范围，并据此模式进行成矿预测。     

遥感、重力资料在相山盆地铀控矿构造分析中的应用

遥感结合地面重力资料综合分析是进行立体地质研究的重要方法之一。本文通过带、线、环、块等四类遥感影像信息与地面重力梯度带、重力异常及基底起伏等信息的对比分析，厘定了相山矿田基底构造格架，对矿四构造演化及其对铀成矿的控制作用作了深层次探讨。     

遥感、重力资料在相山盆地铀控矿构造分析中的应用

遥感结合地面重力资料综合分析是进行立体地质研究的重要方法之一。本文通过带、线、环、块等四类遥感影像信息与地面重力梯度带、重力异常及基底起伏等信息的对比分析,厘定了相山矿田基底构造格架,对矿四构造演化及其对铀成矿的控制作用作了深层次探讨。     

陇南环与西成铅锌矿田的关系

西成铅锌矿田地处我国腹地,位于甘肃省西和县、成县及徽县境内,是我国重要的有色金属矿产基地。 矿田所在区,环形构造发育。陇南环为一巨型同心圆环状环形构造,由东西向、北东向及北西向三组串环交汇形成。 陇南环构造位于秦岭褶皱系中段,区内线性构造复杂,其中东西向、南北向及北东向线性构造规模较大,属壳源性基底型断裂。陇南环内的西成矿田一带泥盆纪的海盆形态受该环形构造的发生、发展控制,其环核部位为一水下隆起。 在陇南环展布范围内,东西向断裂系控制着成矿带的展布;北东向断裂系与东西向断裂系的复合部位控制着矿田;而南北向或北…     

辽河盆地及其邻区遥感图像的石油地质分析

通过对不同种类、不同波段及不同处理方法所获得图像的分析表明, 一种卫片组合图像处理 方法, 即线性拉伸-直方圆调整-局部增强-彩色级上色所产生的图像, 对了解辽河盆地前第三 系基底起伏状况及其结构特点具有良好效果。 地质解译分析肯定了北东(含北北东)向线性构造的主导作用, 但同时遥感信息强烈地反映 了北西向线性构造对盆地构造格架的影响。地质解译还表明, 辽河盆地的环形影像具有两个明显 特点:(1)浅色影像以反映正向构造为主;(2)深色影像以反映负向构造为主, 而已知油田在 标准假彩色图像上也具有明亮的浅色圆形或块状影像特征。因此, 可结合其它地质资料的综合分 析, 以类比方法来预测新的油气田。     

活动断裂、线性影像与地震的相关性分析(摘要)

利用我国16个历史地震区(M≥8级10个区,M≥7级6个区)的128幅400多张陆地卫星MSS和TM图像,对活动断裂和线性构造进行了目视解译,结合其它资料分析了强震区活动断裂的影像特征和地震震中分布与断裂的关系;计算了线性体空间频率与地震关系的回归方程及相关系数;探讨了利用遥感信息评估潜在震源区的方法。 强震区断裂的影像特征包括色调、规模、连续性、密度、展布方向、影像的变形错位和错切改造、组合模式等。各震区活动断裂的上述特征都比较清楚。不同力学性质的断裂也有不同的影像特征。 在回归分析中,用线性影像空间频率(单位面积内构造…     

苏门答腊岛DMC多光谱数据地质应用初步分析

利用灾后苏门答腊岛DMC32米多光谱遥感图像,经过几何精校正、主要地名标注、波段B2(R)、B1(G)、B3(B)组合和直方图正态增强处理制作了影像图,图像总体纹理信息较弱,但对海啸受灾区有突出作用。为了突出不同区域植被的色差和纹理信息,对影像图进行比值增强组合处理实验,比值增强处理后的图像对空间纹理有增强效果。依据DMC增强图像显示的纹理影像特征,通过人机交互方式对图像中有较明显规律的线状和环状纹理信息进行提取和制图,作为进一步分析该地区构造活动及与之相关地质灾害的基础依据。通过对图像的纹理信息综合分析,发现该地区存在着大量的线形纹理信息和一些环形和火山机构影像信息,这些影像特征可能与该地区的一些地质活动有关,如新构造运动、活动断裂和火山活动中心、火山机构等。结合已知的地质、遥感三维立体图像和早期的TM图像资料,根据遥感图像上显示的特殊的地形和水系、线性纹理分布特征和典型地质体与断裂构造的遥感解译标志,对部分线性影像和环状影像的地质意义进行了解译,认为北西断裂为岛内的主干断裂,其次是与其相垂直配套的北东向断裂。初步分析了可能控制或诱发该地区地质灾害的断裂分布特征,推断出三处泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等地质灾易发区和两处火山活动可能区域。所推断的地质灾害易发区具备了泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等灾害形成、流通、堆积等先决条件,如果植被遭到破坏,一旦遇到强降雨影响,极有可能诱发上述地质灾害。火山活动区均处于北东向断裂带与北西向断裂带的交汇部位,根据地质构造和遥感影像特征分析推断,区内地震及火山活动有可能受板块活动地震影响而再次激活,形成新的地质灾害。以上遥感地质信息,在进一步经过相关资料和实地调查证实后,对岛内灾后重建及减灾、抗灾等活动具有积极指导意义。     

遥感在夹皮沟地区构造及金矿成矿规律研究中的应用

根据遥感图像解译,结合计算机图像处理及物、化探资料分析和野外验证,发现夹皮沟地区存在如下构造格局:北部为大面积古生代及中生代花岗岩出露区,南部存在一个太古宙变质岩穹窿(会全栈穹窿),而南部与北部地区之间为一北西向板庙子-兴安屯弧形韧性剪切带(与夹皮为地区金矿带分布一致).根据区内断层、褶皱的性质与分布以及糜棱岩片理产状和糜棱岩的分布特征分析,笔者认为板庙子-兴安屯北西向弧形韧性剪切带的形成及演化与会全栈穹窿有密切关系。据金矿的分布及储量资料,结合断裂的分布、断裂的交切关系等的分析,笔者认为北西向弧形韧性剪切带为该区金矿成矿的导矿构造,由其派生的北东、北北东向脆性构造为容矿构造。     

线性构造与环状构造在工程地质研究中的实践意义

在卫星像片上,众多线性影像与环状影像显示清晰。研究证明,这些线性影像和环形影像均是地表一些线性构造和环形构造的映像,而这些线性、环形构造与矿产、水、油气矿藏形成分布、地震活动、工程地质及地壳稳定性等,都有着密切的关系。因此,进一步深入研究线性构造、环状构造,具有重要的实际意义。     

Mapping and Change Detection Study of Nepal-2015 Earthquake Induced Landslides

The devastating earthquake that struck Nepal in 25 April (Mw7.8) and 12 May (Mw7.3) 2015 have triggered numerous landslides and reactivated existing landslides extending over large areas. These two shocks mostly affected the northwest and northeast region of Kathmandu which accelerated large region along with southward up thrusting in the region. To detect the event of the landslides in time and space satellite images have been analysed using space remote sensing techniques like pseudo colour transformation technique and was employed to pre and post-earthquake images of the event to bring out only landslide affected areas from the image by masking the remaining part, where field based survey of the landslides provided information on real nature of it, slope and rock type. Surprisingly the observed mass movements are mostly belong to debris flow and rock fall types beginning from the top part of the ridge slope with south-westerly faces i.e. sun facing. Further, satellite images of different dates could be gathered which facilitated analysis on development of landslide with time. This study also revealed that the NE–SW trending geological faults have controlled the landslide occurrence especially in Ramche area and along the Bagmati river valley near Shital-chowk village on Kathmandu-Hetauda road.     

A Comparative Investigation of Image Fusion in the Context of Classification

Image fusion assists in visual interpretation, mapping, change detection and many other applications. Multispectral and Panchromatic images are fused to produce images having enhanced spatial and spectral properties. These properties are generally distorted from original images. The aim of this paper is to identify the effectiveness of the several fusion techniques based on the distortions and applications. This paper employs seven image fusion techniques namely, Brovey transform, intensity hue saturation, high pass filter, principle component analysis, UNB Pansharpening, wavelet transform and multiplicative, available in various commercial image processing software. The data for this study are panchromatic image of Cartosat-1 and multispectral image of IRS - P6 LISS 4 sensor of study area, Bhopal Municipal Corporation area, M.P. State, India. The effectiveness of image fusion techniques is determined by quantitative and qualitative assessments. Quantitative assessment is divided into two parts: 1) assessment of fusion techniques by statistical parameters and 2) accuracy assessment of land use maps generated from the fused images. For part 1, three parameters namely, mean bias, correlation coefficient and Q4 quality index, have been used. Based on the results of part 1, UNB Pansharpening and wavelet transform are the best among seven fusion techniques. For part 2, Gaussian and Artificial Neural Network classifiers have been used to generate land cover maps. However, the accuracy results are inconclusive to identify a single best method. Nevertheless, image fusion by wavelet transform has provided best results in both the sector. Hence, wavelet transform is concluded as the best among selected fusion techniques.     

Image processing and GIS techniques applied to high resolution satellite data for lineament mapping of thermal power plant site in Allahabad district,U.P., India

The present study is based on digital analysis of IRS 1C/1D LISS-III and IRS P6 LISS-IV images for identification of lineaments in Meja Thermal Power Plant site in Allahabad district. In spite of all limitations due to anthropogenic activities of stone quarrying and criss cross unmetalled roads, almost non-existent vegetation indicators and soil moisture, the efforts were made to identify and map a number of lineaments in the study area and these were subsequently verified in the field. Most of the lineaments identified and mapped are not having any major displacement along them or are not displacing or truncating any major rock unit. Field investigations have revealed that there is no drastic change in the trend of rocks along the lineaments mapped in the study area. On the basis of digital analysis of IRS P6 LISS-IV data NE–SW and NW–SE trending lineaments have been identified and mapped. Some NNE–SSW trending lineaments have also been mapped. All the lineaments demarcated in this area still need to be correlated with the seismic data of the area by superimposing the microseismicity data over lineaments.     

Correlation between photolinears and the movement of groundwater in the Lonavala area,Pune district,Maharashtra

The study of the photolinears and the groundwater flow directions in the Lonavala area of the Pune distrtict suggests the relationship between these two parameters. In the western part of the Lonavala area the groundwater flow lines are running along a dark toned linear trending N 20° - 30°W. This linear is a fracture controlled linear valley covered by dense vegetation which is supported by the groundwater channelised along this linear. The higher specific capacities of the dugwells situated along the trend of this linear also suggest the movement of groundwater along the linear.     

Landsat7 ETM＋影像的融合和自动分类研究

利用SFIM、MLT、HPF和修改的Brovey(MB)等遥感影像融合算法对Landsat 7 ETM 影像进行融合和自动分类研究，并就融合影像的光谱保真度、高频空间信息融人度和分类精度对这些方法进行评价。结果表明SFIM变换几乎完全保持了原始影像的光谱特点，并具有最高的平均分类精度；MB变换具有最高的高频空间信息融人度；MLT变换也具有较高的分类精度；只有HPF变换的各项指标都不突出。所有4种融合影像的分类精度都较原始影像的分类精度有明显的提高。这表明，源于同一传感器系统的不同分辨率影像的融合可以避免异源传感器融合影像所常见的各种参数、时相和配准误差，所以能够明显地提高影像的自动分类精度。     

塔里木盆地国土卫片的石油地质解译及效果

本文应用我国第一代国土卫星摄影资料和地质、物探等资料, 结合美国陆地卫星图像对塔里 木盆地覆盖区进行了石油地质解译, 探讨了覆盖区影像异常形成机理, 提出了一些新的见解, 为 塔北雅克拉油气田的进一步勘探, 提供了新的思路和重要线索。并认为塔东南地区具有一定的含 油气远景。     

ETM+图像锰矿化蚀变信息提取与找矿预测

锰矿床浅层常含大量羟基、三价铁离子的现象使锰矿化异常在一定程度上可由羟基、铁染异常表征.由此提出采用波段比值、阈值分割、主成分分析等方法对ETM+遥感图像进行羟基异常和铁染异常蚀变信息提取,并利用GIS、结合已知矿点对提取的蚀变信息进行综合分析.以桂西-滇东南地区的锰矿为例,经过锰矿化蚀变信息提取与综合分析,验证了锰矿...     

汶川地震区北西向断裂带遥感分析

利用北京一号小卫星遥感影像判读汶川地震区的断裂构造,发现了一系列100km左右等间距排列的北西向断裂,结果已部分地得到实地考察验证。龙门山断裂与北西向断裂的交汇部位发生强烈地震的几率较高。这些新发现将对汶川Ms8.0级地震发生机理、龙门山断裂带活动性分段、断裂同震位移自南西向北东、由右旋走滑逆断层向右旋走滑断层转变等重大问题提供了新的合理解释。