中国物流集群的量化甄别与发育程度评价

基于交通运输、仓储与邮政业宏观统计数据,物流企业工商注册数据和物流POI数据,运用区位熵（LQ）、水平集聚区位熵（HCLQ）、物流就业密度（LED）和改进的物流企业占比系数（LEP）等指标,刻画了中国289个地级及以上城市的物流集群空间格局与演化过程,识别出不同类型物流集群的发育水平、类型和发展模式。结果表明：① 物流集群主要集中于胡焕庸线东侧,集群形态由组团式转变为区块式,呈现广覆盖和高集聚特征;数量演化经历了“快速下降”和“稳中有变”两个阶段,集中程度和运行效率稳步提升。② 21个成熟物流集群分布在16个省级行政单元中主要城市群的中心和次级中心城市,与政府物流规划衔接良好;43个新兴物流集群分布在21个省级行政单元,不同类型城市间分化显著。③ 物流集群在城市群尺度形成了由“主核—次核—一般节点”构成的多层级核心—边缘结构;在省级尺度形成了极核发展模式、网络化均衡发展模式,单核多点和多核多点的发展模式。     

中国工业基地的甄别与演化模式研究（英文）

The rapid progress of China's industrialization has been manifested in space as the formation and evolution of a series of industrial bases. Employing data from the years 1985, 2001 and 2010, this paper carries out differentiation, screening, and categorization of industrial bases in China. It then analyses the evolutional characteristics of these industrial bases and explores different paths of growth according to their scale or types, and summarizes the general pattern for their formation and evolution. The results of this study indicate that China's industrial bases as a whole have gone through three spatial stages since the founding of the PRC in 1949: decentralized development before reform and opening up in 1978, gradual concentration in eastern coastal regions during the early period of reform and opening up, and balanced and diversified development since the beginning of the 21 st century. By 2010, China had a total of 251 industrial bases and had thereby established the overall spatial map of its industrialization. As industrial bases expand in scale, their industrial structures develop from homogenization to diversification, and then again from diversification to competitive optimization. Leading industries in the vast majority of industrial bases constantly evolve along the track of light industries, basic materials industries, and advanced manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, the key factors in their evolution and development transition from traditional factors of production like resources and labor to new ones like capital and information, but there are significant differences in terms of influencing factors and growth paths between large, medium, and small bases. Small industrial bases primarily rely on natural resources to maintain development through a single leading industry, medium industrial bases gradually become more comprehensive in their industrial compositions, and large industrial bases evolve in the direction of a combination of basic materials industries and equipment manufacturing industries.     

中国人地关系评价的理论模型与实证（英文）

China's coupled human-environment system(CHES) is assessed here via a systems schema that emphasizes the complex interactions of components and their attributes. In addition to the human and environment components, we identified two other components to evaluate the relationship. The four components are human activity intensity, resource carrying capacity, ecological constraints and system's openness. Based on their interactions, we derived a cognitive schema for classifying the level of strain or stress of an area. The analysis draws on 11 indicators and 29 sub-indicators including remote sensing data and statistical data that are used to estimate the four components. The findings indicate that human activities are highly intense in a few geographical areas, particularly large urban systems and trade and investment zones on the eastern coastal areas. Nonetheless, these areas are also well-endowed in water resources and fertile soils although urban systems are increasingly stressed from negative pollution externalities. They are also open systems which allow them to bear a higher level of pressure and adjust accordingly. Desertification and soil erosion point to relatively fragile biophysical systems in the west and southwest, but human activities are still relatively less intense compared to their coastal counterparts. As a whole, only 14% of areas may be said to be relatively or highly strained. This however belies another one-third of areas that are currently unstable, and likely to become strained and thereby vulnerable in the near future.     

中国城市群形成发育与空间拓展的基本规律（英文）

Urban agglomerations are formed when a country is in the advanced stages of industrialization and urbanization. They are highly integrated groups of cities that form and develop through a natural, gradual process as the relationship between them changes from one of competition to assimilation following law of natural development. China is currently in a new stage of transitional development characterized by its New-Type Urbanization Plan. It has entered a new era in which it is a global leader in urban agglomeration development, and China's research and development models are being imitated and adopted by countries around the world. This paper adopts a theoretical approach to propose the basic law governing the formation, development and expansion of urban agglomerations. This includes the stage-based formation and development law, multi-scale intensive-use transmission law,crystal-structure spatial composition law, egg-shaped expansion evolution law, "saplings-to-forest" natural growth law, and sustainable development incremental increase law.Guided by these law, China has created a hierarchical organizational configuration for optimizing the spatial structure of its urban agglomerations. It has also formulated urban agglomeration development plans and proposed research-based measures to resolve problems specific to urban agglomerations and to promote their sustainable development. The law governing the formation, development and expansion of urban agglomerations play an important role in guiding their development in China and will play a greater role in the future.     

中国主要城市智慧低碳发展的量化评估（英文）

本研究选择了中国52个主要城市,使用智慧低碳强度商数(SLSQ)这一创新量化模型探讨城市智慧低碳发展的水平和状态。研究结果表明:(1)智慧低碳城市可以分为三个主要类别,即具有高SLSQ的领导型,具有平均SLSQ的稳定发展型和具有低SLSQ的滞后发展型;(2)中国主要城市的SLSQ水平表现出较为明显的"从东南向西北递减,区域间存在差异"的空间变化趋势;(3)中国主要城市的SLSQ在城市规模上表现出"从大到小递减,规模内存在差异"的变化趋势;(4)中国主要城市的SLSQ水平在行政等级上表现出"从高向低递减,等级内存在差异"的变化趋势;(5)基于SLSQ水平,中国主要城市可以被划分为三个动态模式:领导模式,稳定模式和准备模式,其中稳定模式占绝大多数。     

中国冰雪旅游产业集群特征及影响因素（英文）

冰雪旅游是蓬勃发展的旅游业态,冰雪旅游产业集群体现了一个地区冰雪旅游的发展质量。基于1985—2021年中国冰雪旅游企业数据,本研究采用产业集群识别和产业关联分析方法,全面分析中国冰雪旅游产业集群发展状况。结果表明：（1）中国冰雪旅游业初步形成了京津冀、东北、长三角、珠三角、成渝和新疆地区等六大产业集群。（2）中国冰雪旅游产业链结构有待优化,多种产业形态未能深度融合发展。（3）中国各省冰雪旅游产业集群发展环境呈现差异化特征。（4）中国冰雪旅游产业集群的发展受到内部和外部因素的双重影响。外部因素包括气候和冰雪资源、政府政策和体育赛事、经济基础和市场条件;内部因素包括产业关联和产业整合。本文初步识别了我国冰雪旅游产业集群的特征,并提出了优化发展对策。     

黄河玛曲砾质网状河段河间湿地形态特征及发育程度（英文）

Both interchannel wetlands and multi-channels are crucial geomorphologic units in an anastomosing river system. Planform characteristics and development of interchannel wetlands and multi-channels control the characteristics of anastomosing rivers. To understand the role that interchannel wetlands play in the development of anastomosing rivers, a study was conducted on the Maqu Reach of the Upper Yellow River(MRUYR), a gravel-bed anastomosing river characterized by highly developed interchannel wetlands and anabranches. Geomorphologic units in the studied reach were extracted from high resolution satellite imagery in Google Earth. The size distributions of interchannel wetlands and interchannel wetland clusters(IWCs), a special combination of interchannel wetlands and anabranches, were investigated. Geomorphologic parameters, including the ratio of interchannel wetland area to IWC area(P), shoreline density(D_l), and node density(D_n) were used to analyze planform characteristics of IWCs and the development of multi-channels in the studied reach. The results suggest that small or middle sized interchannel wetlands and large or mega sized IWCs are more common at the study site. The area of IWC(S_u) is highly correlated with other geomorphologic parameters. P increases with increasing S_u, and the upper limit is about 80%, which indicates that the development of interchannel wetlands and anabranches in the IWC is in the equilibrium stage. In contrast, D_l and D_n show a tendency to decrease with increasing S u due to diverse evolution processes in IWCs with different sizes. There are three main reasons leading to the formation of IWCs: varying stream power due to the meandering principal channel; development of the river corridor due to the weakening of geologic structure control; and high stability of interchannel wetlands due to conservation by shoreline vegetation.     

中国东部沿海地区四大城市群生态效率评价（英文）

Urban agglomerations in China have become the strategic core of national economic development and the main component of the new type of urbanization. However, they are threatened by a series of eco-environmental problems and challenges, including the severe overexploitation of natural resources. Eco-efficiency, which is defined as accomplishing the greatest possible economic benefit with the least possible resource input and damage to the environment, is used as an indicator to quantify the sustainability of urban agglomerations. In this work, a traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) model with a slack-based measurement(SBM) model of undesirable outputs, was used to assess and compare the economic efficiency and eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in eastern China(UAECs) in 2005, 2011, and 2014. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of urban agglomerations were analyzed. Based on the results of a slack analysis, suggestions for improving the eco-efficiency of the four UAECs are provided. The overall economic efficiency of urban agglomerations located in the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta displayed a V-shaped pattern(decreased and then increased). In contrast, the overall economic efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration declined during the study period. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration had a considerable loss of economic efficiency due to pollution, whereas the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was less impacted. Overall, the eco-environmental efficiency of the four UAECs declined from 2005 to 2011 and then increased from 2011 to 2014. In addition, the urban eco-efficiency in the four coastal UAECs was characterized by different evolution patterns. The eco-efficiency was higher in the peri-urban areas of the core cities, riverside areas, and seaside areas and lower in the inland cities. The core cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations were characterized by high resource consumption, economic benefit output, and eco-efficiency. In most of cities in the urban agglomerations, the emission of pollutants declined, leading to a reduction of pollutants and mitigation of environmental problems. In addition, a differential analysis, from the perspective of urban agglomeration, was performed, and concrete suggestions for improvement are proposed.     

中国西藏地区人居环境气候适宜性评价（英文）

气候是影响区域宜居性的一个重要自然因素。人居环境气候适宜性深刻影响着区域人口分布和社会经济发展。西藏地区是气候变化的敏感地区,近年来随着全球气候变化的影响,该地区的气候适宜性也发生了显著变化。本文基于多年平均气候数据计算了西藏地区的温湿指数,定量分析了人口分布与温湿指数之间的关系;在此基础之上,确定了西藏地区气候适宜性分区标准;最后评价了西藏地区的人居环境气候适宜性。结果表明：西藏东南部地区年均温度相对较高,人口分布相对密集;年均相对湿度整体上呈现出由南向北逐渐降低的趋势。西藏气候适宜地区（包括高度适宜地区、比较适宜地区和一般适宜地区）面积占比仅为7.90%,人口数量比重超过40%。气候临界适宜地区面积占比为37.81%,人口占比为48.24%。气候不适宜地区广泛分布于各地市,面积占比为54.29%,人口占比为11.33%。本文的研究结果可为指导西藏地区人口的合理分布以及优化国土空间规划提供参考。     

中国降水非均匀性综合评价（英文）

Precipitation heterogeneity has a nontrivial influence on human life. Many studies have analyzed precipitation heterogeneity but none have proposed a systematic graded index for its evaluation, and therefore, its true characteristics have not been expressed. After comparisons of various methods, the precipitation concentration degree(PCD) method was selected to study precipitation heterogeneity. In addition to the PCD, normal distribution functions, cumulative frequencies, and percentiles were used to establish a graded index for evaluating precipitation heterogeneity. A comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity was performed, and its spatiotemporal variation in China from 1960 to 2013 was analyzed. The results indicated that(1) seven categories of precipitation heterogeneity were identified(high centralization, moderate centralization, mild centralization, normal, mild dispersion, moderate dispersion, and high dispersion) and(2) during the study period, the precipitation in more parts of China tended to be normal or dispersed, which is beneficial to human activities.     

中国可持续发展研究进展（英文）

Sustainable development has always been a hotspot in Chinese geographical research. Herein, we conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the contribution of Chinese geographers to sustainable development research using bibliometric methods. Based on the review of a vast amount of literature, we identify the main research teams, research funding sources, journals, and key research fields. The findings are as follows:(1) the resources and environmental institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have a significant influence on sustainable development research;(2) China's central government foundations(the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Social Sciences Fund) are the main research funding sources;(3) most of the highly cited articles are published in journals sponsored by the Geographical Society of China; and(4) sustainable development theory and its research areas are being constantly enriched and perfected. Based on the statistics of keywords, the theory, research methods, research regional scales, and key research areas are summarized and expounded.     

中国生态交错带（英文）

生态交错带（Ecotone）是指两个群落或两类生态系统之间的过度带,具有脆弱、敏感和易变等特性。20世纪70年代以来,在典型生态系统研究的基础上,生态交错带逐步成为生态学研究的重点。中国地域广阔,地质、气候、植被等生态类型复杂多变,蕴育了不同类型、不同尺度和不同规模的多种生态交错带,不仅为科学研究奠定了广阔空间,而且对我国经济、社会发展,以及文化多样性保护具有重要支撑作用。本文根据我国大尺度下生态交错带的地理分布及其生态环境特点,构建了以土地利用类型、自然气候特征和农业经济发展＂三位一体＂指标体系,并以此为依据对中国典型生态交错带进行了划分和空间分布范围的界定;在此基础上,分别对北方森林草原交错带、北方农牧交错带、西北荒漠绿洲交错带、西南川滇农林牧交错带和东部海陆交错带的动态变化、基本特征和存在问题进行了研究,对全面认识我国生态交错带自然演变规律,促进区域生态环境保护和优化经济发展具有重要意义。     

中国古地图遗产与文化价值（英文）

Ancient Chinese cartography dates back to the Western Jin Dynasty in the third century. Cartography was initiated during this period by Pei Xiu, a minister and cartographic expert, who suggested six principles of cartography. Pei Xiu, who is known as the father of Chinese cartography, oversaw the completion of the "Yu Gong Regional Maps", along with 18 articles and the "Terrain Fangzhang Map"(AD 224–271). This led to a number of subsequent cartographic initiatives including the "Wooden Fangzhang Map"(an administrative map) which was completed by Xie Zhuang, a minister during the Southern Dynasties(AD 502–557), "Haineihuayi Tu"(Map of China and its neighbouring countries)(AD 730–805), drawn by Jia Dan, a cartographer of the Tang Dynasty, and "Shouling Tu"(an administrative map, AD 1031–1095), drawn by Shen Kuo, a scientist during the Northern Song Dynasty. Throughout the 16 th century, ancient Chinese cartography developed continuously and cumulatively, and formed the specific characteristics of China ancient cartography. Although Western latitude-based and longitude-based mapping techniques introduced to China in AD 1460, the theories and methods of Chinese and Western mapping systems co-existed for over 400 years. The cultural heritage of Chinese cartography can be seen in many famous ancient Chinese maps, including astronomical figures and atlases(world, Chinese, regional, military, water conservancy, historical, and educational maps), charts, and maps of scenic spots. These have hitherto been kept in well-known archives and institutions across the world. They form an important part of the global cultural heritage of ancient maps and cartography. Given their high cultural value, these maps remain an important point of study. This paper provides a preliminary discussion on the rarity, application, and the historical, scientific, and artistic value of ancient Chinese maps.     

中国交通地理研究进展（英文）

As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.     

中国自然地域系统研究（英文）

Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system(TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950 s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts' brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development.     

中国经济地理学研究进展（英文）

Economic geography in China's mainland has developed in a different way from that in many other countries. On the one hand, it has been increasingly active in participating in academic dialogues and knowledge development led by Anglophone countries; on the other hand, it takes practice-based and policy-oriented research, i.e. satisfying the demands from the Chinese government and society, as the linchpin of research. Since there has been a lot of literature reviewing the development of economic geography in the country before the new millennium, this paper will make a comprehensive analysis of the discipline in 2000–2015, based on a bibliometric survey and research projects done by Chinese economic geographers. The analysis indicates that(1) economic geography research in China's mainland is unevenly distributed but concentrated in several leading institutions;(2) traditional research fields like human-nature system, regional disparity, industrial location and transportation geography remain dominant while new topics such as globalization, multinational corporations and foreign direct investments, information and communication technology, producer services, climate change and carbon emission emerge as important research areas;(3) Chinese economic geography is featured by policy-oriented research funded by government agencies, having considerable impacts on regional policy making in China, both national and regional. To conclude, the paper argues that the development of economic geography in China's mainland needs to follow a dual track in the future, i.e. producing knowledge for the international academic community and undertaking policy-oriented research to enhance its role as a major consulting body for national, regional and local development.     

中国生态补偿的现状与趋势（英文）

生态补偿的内涵在国际上指的是生态系统服务付费,在国内一般被认为是以保护生态服务功能、促进人与自然和谐相处为目的,根据生态系统服务价值、生态保护成本、发展机会成本等,运用财政、税费、市场等手段,调节生态保护者、受益者和破坏者经济利益关系的一种制度安排。建立生态补偿机制,是建设生态文明的重要制度保障。在综合考虑生态保护成本、发展机会成本和生态服务价值的基础上,采取财政转移支付或市场交易等方式,对生态保护者给予合理补偿,对于实施主体功能区战略、确保生态服务的有效供给具有重要意义。我国现行生态补偿的财税机制主要包括纵向财政转移支付、横向财政转移支付和市场化模式三大类。通过总结我国生态补偿现状可以看出,我国已经初步形成了由中央森林生态效益补偿基金制度、草原生态补偿制度、重点生态功能区转移支付制度等构成的生态补偿制度框架。在该制度框架下,各地区、各部门积极探索生态补偿机制建设,在森林、草原、湿地、流域和水资源、矿产资源开发、海洋以及重点生态功能区等领域取得了重要进展。但总体来看,我国的生态补偿机制还没有根本确立,谁开发谁保护、谁受益谁补偿的利益调节格局还没有真正形成,对生态环境保护还没有充分发挥作用。今后生态补偿的发展趋势有:(1)生态补偿投入力度的增强;(2)政府责任的强化;(3)补偿方式的多元化发展;(4)制度体系建立。     

中国产业地理研究进展（英文）

The expansion and upgrading of Chinese industries have accompanied with the spatial restructuring process across the country. This paper provides a literature review on China's industrial geography, paying special attention to industrial agglomeration and industrial clusters. The increasing industrial agglomeration and development of industrial clusters have been the prominent characteristics of dynamics of industrial landscape in China. The major driving forces of China's industrial geography include economic globalization, decentralization and regional competition and rebuilding of regional advantages. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research focus.     

中国数字地形学研究进展（英文）

Geomorphometry,the science of digital terrain analysis(DTA),is an important focus of research in both geomorphology and geographical information science(GIS).Given that 70% of China is mountainous,geomorphological research is popular among Chinese scholars,and the development of GIS over the last 30 years has led to significant advances in geomorphometric research.In this paper,we review Chinese progress in geomorphometry based on the published literature.There are three major areas of progress:digital terrain modelling methods,DTA methods,and applications of digital terrain models(DTMs).First,traditional vector-and raster-based terrain modelling methods,including the assessment of uncertainty,have received widespread attention.New terrain modelling methods such as unified raster and vector,high-fidelity,and real-time dynamic geographical scene modelling have also attracted research attention and are now a major focus of digital terrain modelling research.Second,in addition to the popular DTA methods based on topographical derivatives,geomorphological features,and hydrological factors extracted from DTMs,DTA methods have been extended to include analyses of the structure of underlying strata,ocean surface features and even socioeconomic spatial structures.Third,DTMs have been applied to fields including global climate change,analysis of various typical regions,lunar surface and other related fields.Clearly,Chinese scholars have made significant progress in geomorphometry.Chinese scholars have had the greatest international impact in areas including high-fidelity digital terrain modelling and DTM-based regional geomorphological analysis,particularly in the Loess Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau regions.     

金沙江流域生态系统服务的权衡与协同效应评价（英文）

全球气候变化和人类活动已经威胁到流域生态系统。金沙江作为长江上游,研究其生态系统服务功能对维护整个长江流域的生态安全、促进生态可持续性具有重要意义。基于生态系统服务与权衡综合评价（InVEST）模型和修正通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）模型,对2000–2020年金沙江流域生态系统提供的5种生态系统服务功能：产水量（WY）、生境质量（HQ）、土壤保有量（SR）、食物供应（FS）、碳储量（CS）进行了评价,并分析了它们的时空变化特征,权衡协同关系及其驱动因素。结果表明:（1）2000–2020年间,金沙江流域的各生态系统服务总量除生境质量外都存在不同程度的波动,各生态系统服务在空间分布上基本呈现出东南高西北低的空间格局。（2）CS＿SR＿HQ和WY＿SR＿FS之间存在显著的协同关系,WY＿CS之间存在显著的权衡关系。（3）CS＿SR＿HQ的主要驱动因素是净初级生产力（NPP）和土地利用类型（LU）,WY＿SR＿FS的主要驱动因素是年降雨量（PRE）、LU和降雨侵蚀（R）,WY＿CS的驱动因素在研究期内较多变。