利用S波高频衰减对天山中东段地区地壳Q值成像

利用天山中东段地区25个数字地震台站记录到的2009~2014年底5076个近震波形资料以及新疆地震台网提供的观测报告,采用遗传算法对S波位移谱的高频衰减进行拟合,得到19140条衰减算子t~*数据。根据这些t*数据,反演得到该区地壳Q_s值分布。结果表明,天山中东段地区平均Q_0值为520,其Q_s值分布及其所揭示的衰减变化特征与研究区的地表构造明显相关。天山南北两侧的山区盆地交汇部位Q_s值较低,而高Q_s值较为集中地分布于天山造山带内部。1900年以来天山中东段地区6级以上强震大多位于低Q_s值区域,该区24个高热流点也大多位于上述天山南北两侧的低Q_s值区域,热流值与衰减值呈负相关;此外,研究区的速度结构与衰减结构也呈一定的正相关,反映了二维衰减结构特征与速度结构、二维密度结构的一致性。     

利用S波高频衰减参数对云南地区地壳Q值成像

根据35个数字地震台站记录的云南地区1999 ~2007年6429个近震的波形资料,采用遗传算法对S波位移谱的高频衰减进行拟合,得到19009条衰减算子t*数据.根据这些衰减算子t*数据,反演得到云南地区地壳Q值分布.结果表明,云南地区的地壳Q值分布存在显著的横向不均匀性,即红河断裂北侧地壳Q值整体偏低,而红河断裂南侧地壳Q值整体较高.云南地区1900年以来6级以上强震基本上位于低Q值区域,这可能由于强烈构造活动导致地壳产生大量裂隙,且裂隙中充满流体,从而表现为低Q值;但呈北西向的龙陵—澜沧—耿马—孟连一带的强震却位于高Q值区,这可能与该地区正发育一条新的构造带有关.此外,云南地区的高大地热流点(>80 mW/m2)基本上位于低Q值区域,热流值与衰减值成负对应关系.     

陕甘宁交界地区地壳S波Q值成像特征研究

利用陕甘宁交界地区测震台网记录到的2009—2018年4423个近震波形资料,采用衰减结构层析成像方法对该地区地壳Q_S值进行成像分析,获得了陕甘宁交界地区地壳衰减模型,分析讨论了Q_S值分布与活动断裂及强震活动等之间的关系。结果显示,陕甘宁交界地区地壳剪切波衰减横向变化显著,整体上,海原-六盘山构造带和西秦岭构造带地壳Q_S值相对偏低,鄂尔多斯盆地和陇中盆地地壳Q_S值相对较高。活动构造带和活动断裂交汇区呈现低Q_S值,结合前人研究成果,推断这与活动断裂带及交汇区地壳岩石较为破碎且富含流体有关。有历史地震记录以来,研究区6级以上地震大多分布在高、低Q_S值的过渡区,分析认为这与"硬"、"软"地壳介质交界处容易积累地震应变能有关。研究区域低Q_S值分布与低横波速度和低电阻率区的主要分布特征较为一致,但是与大地热流研究结果存在区域性差异。     

Attenuation tomography of the Southern Apennines (Italy)

The aim of this study is to improve our knowledge of the attenuation structure in the Southern Apennines using a new amplitude ratio tomography method (Phillips et al., Geophys Res Lett 32(21):L21301, 2005) applied on both direct and coda envelope measurements derived from 150 events recorded by 47 stations of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale Centralizzata). The two-dimensional (2-D) analysis allows us to take into account lateral crustal variations and heterogeneities of this region. Using the same event and station distribution, we also applied a simple 1-D methodology, and the performance of the 1-D and 2-D path assumptions is tested by comparing the average interstation variance for the path-corrected amplitudes using coda and direct waves. In general, coda measurement results are more stable than using direct waves when the same methodology is applied. Using the 2-D approach, we observe more stable results for both waves. However, the improvement is quite small, probably because the crustal heterogeneity is weak. This means that, for this region, the 1-D path assumption is a good approximation of the attenuation characteristics of the region. A comparison between Q tomography images obtained using direct and coda amplitudes shows similar results, consistent with the geology of the region. In fact, we observe low Q along the Apennine chain toward the Tyrrhenian Sea and higher values to the east, in correspondence with the Gargano zone that is related to the Apulia Carbonate Platform. Finally, we compared our results with the coda Q values proposed by Bianco et al. (Geophys J Int 150:10–22, 2002) for the same region. The good agreement validates our results as the authors used a completely independent methodology.     

南天山西段地震尾波Q值研究

基于新疆地震台网的数字地震波形资料,采用Aki的地震尾波单次散射模型,选取了南天山西段10个台站周围60km范围内M_S≥2.0的397次地震事件计算并得到了不同台站的尾波Qc值。结果显示,南天山西段尾波Q_0值平均值在140~390之间,其中喀什台和乌恰台Q_0值最低;频率相关系数η的平均值在0.62~1.00之间,拟合平均Q值与对应频率之间的关系结果为Q=261.2±110.8f~(0.80±0.28),表明该地区是以低Q_0高η值为特征的构造活跃区。     

Attenuation of Coda Waves at the Changbaishan Tianchi Volcanic Area in Northeast China

21 earthquakes recorded by a temporary seismic network in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area in Northeast China operated during the summer of 2002 and 2003 were analyzed to estimate the S coda attenuation. The attenuation quality factor Q_c was estimated using the single scattering attenuation model of Sato (1977) in the frequency band from 4 to 24 Hz. All the events studied in this paper occurred at depths from 2 to 6 km with ML of 1.4–2.8. The epicentral distances are less than 25 km. For all events which occurred near the Tianchi Lake (caldera), the Q_c patterns obtained at the stations near the lake are similar, and the Q_c values are relatively small. At the stations located about 15 km east of the Tianchi Lake, however, the average Q_c is significantly higher. For an event which occurred 25km from the lake to the west, Q_c patterns derived at the stations near the lake are quite similar to the above mentioned Q_c for stations located in the east. Further study shows that Q_c value in the north and central areas of the volcano is relatively lower than that in the surrounding area. Compared to other volcanic areas in the world, the average Q_c of the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area is obviously lower. The deep seismic sounding and teleseismic receiver function studies indicated more than one lower velocity layer in the crust. The MT studies suggested the presence of high conductive bodies beneath the area. We interpret the strong attenuation of coda waves near the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano as being possibly related to high temperature medium caused by shallow magma chambers.     

鄂尔多斯西南缘P波三维Q值层析成像

利用国家测震台网数据备份中心提供的2009年1月至2015年11月的地震波形数据,选取震级范围为ML1.8~6.7,震中距小于800km的1 820个地震事件的16 156条Pg波到时数据,对鄂尔多斯西南缘P波三维Q值分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:鄂尔多斯西南缘一系列呈"L"型分布的断裂带上,Q值呈现出比较低的水平;而其两侧地区,Q值相对较高,且分布存在较大差异。研究区内呈现低Q值状态的海原地区和天水—礼县地区存在明显的低阻—低速层,而高Q值的渭源—定西—通渭—西吉地区则在地壳内缺失低阻层。另外,存在明显高热流的渭河盆地和天水—礼县地区,Q值都明显偏低,而其周围地区则Q值较高。沿临潼—长安—富城—蒲城断裂走向,有一条比较显著的垂直形变梯度带和重力变化等值线,水平形变沿此断裂方向呈现条带状变化特征,而该区低Q值的状态反映了Q值分布与地壳大面积的垂直、水平形变及重力变化等存在一定联系。     

Estimation of Coda Wave Attenuation for the National Capital Region, Delhi, India Using Local Earthquakes

Attenuation of seismic waves is very essential for the study of earthquake source parameters and also for ground-motion simulations, and this is important for the seismic hazard estimation of a region. The digital data acquired by 16 short-period seismic stations of the Delhi Telemetric Network for 55 earthquakes of magnitude 1.5 to 4.2, which occurred within an epicentral distance of 100 km in an area around Delhi, have been used to estimate the coda attenuation Q_c. Using the Single Backscattering Model, the seismograms have been analyzed at 10 central frequencies. The frequency dependence average attenuation relationship Q_c = 142f ^1.04 has been attained. Four Lapse-Time windows from 20 to 50 seconds duration with a difference of 10 seconds have been analyzed to study the lapse time dependence of Q_c. The Q_c values show that frequency dependence (exponent n) remains similar at all the lapse time window lengths. While the change in Q₀ values is significant, change in Q₀ with larger lapsetime reflects the rate of homogeneity at the depth. The variation of Q_c indicates a definitive trend from west to east in accordance with the geology of the region.     

Geochemical characteristics of the metapelites from the Xingxingxia group in the Eastern Segment of the Central Tianshan: Implications for the provenance and paleoweathering

Clastic sedimentary rocks record a number of in-formation about the compositions and paleoweathering conditions of the source areas, and the tectonic setting of the depositional basin[1―6]. The traditionallypetrological study commonly utilizes the major com-ponents (Quartz, Feldspar and Lithics) of the silici-clastic sedimentary rocks to investigate the source rock composition and tectonic setting[7]. However, thepetrological method is somewhat limited, because many of the mafic components f…     

北京平原地区VS30估算模型适用性研究

本文使用基于钻孔测井数据的3类模型,即常速度外推模型、速度梯度模型、双深度参数外推模型,通过对北京地区460个深度超过30m的钻孔剪切波速资料进行分析,详细探究了V_S30估算模型在本研究区的适用性。研究结果表明双深度参数外推模型在估算V_S30上准确度很高,其不需要大量的数据进行回归分析,且不具有区域独立性,可以为全球包括北京地区场地类别划分提供依据,进而在震害快速评估中用于确定场地影响,是一种值得推广的估算模型。     

汾河太原河段水华藻类分类及分子系统研究

2012-2016年,每年的春、夏、秋季对汾河太原河段进行浮游植物样品采集.通过对样品的形态观察和描述,共鉴定出5种水华优势种,5月发生的裸藻水华优势种为裸藻属的膝曲裸藻(Euglena geniculata)和血红裸藻(E.sanguinea).而7-9月发生的微囊藻水华优势种为微囊藻属的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、挪氏微囊藻(M.novacekii)和惠氏微囊藻(M.wesenbergii).分离纯化共得到11株单克隆水华藻,其中铜绿微囊藻8株,挪氏微囊藻2株,血红裸藻1株.运用cpcBA-IGS、gyrB和cpSSU基因序列构建分子系统发育树,进一步确定水华藻的系统分类地位,结果表明cpcBA-IGS是研究汾河太原河段铜绿微囊藻分类很好的分子标记,而cpSSU基因可很好地区分血红裸藻和其他裸藻种.     

张家口-渤海断裂带西段及中西段b值时空扫描

张家口-渤海断裂带作为华北平原地区重要的活动断裂带,地震活动频繁,是我国地震监测预测重点区域之一。本文选取该断裂带西段及中西段1970-2016年的地震目录,采用最大似然法进行时间扫描,分析显示研究区b值为0.28-1.52,其随时间变化的特点是在大地震发生前降至最低,震后逐渐恢复;研究区空间扫描结果显示,该区b值的平均值为0.93,其中怀安-万全盆地北缘断裂和蓟运河断裂平均b值较低,反映该区域应力水平较高。综合以上结果,本次研究揭示出研究区地震危险性的时间和空间差异,为对研究区地震危险性评价提供基础数据。     

Geochemical evidence for non-marine depositional environment of foraminiferal fossils from the Nihewan Basin, China

From the first finding in 1970s, the findings of foraminiferal fossil assemblages in inland basins have been reported from time to time, especially in recent years. The debates on the depositional environment of foraminiferal fossils have become the hot spot of researches again in China. Based on the researches of trace element geochemistry and electron scanning microscope of shells of Quaternary foraminiferal fossils from the Xiaodukou section in the inland Nihewan basin, the original ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and other geochemical information of shells were believed to be preserved well and could be used to rebuild the geochemistry of contemporary waters where foraminifera deposited, although there existed some effects of burial diagenesis on the geochemistry of shells to a certain extent. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of well-preserved Xiaodukou foraminiferal shells were measured, giving a range of 0.711190±25–0.712018±14, apparently higher than the value of contemporary seawater (0.709087–0.709147) and similar to that of the Sanggan River, proving that it represented the value of the ancient lacustrine water. The hyperbolic mixing models of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr-palaeosalinity and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr-Sr/Ca indicated that the contemporary waters where Xiaodukou foraminifera inhabited was an inland lake and there was no seawater input to the depositional environment.     

Radiation patterns of point sources situated close to structural interfaces and to the earth's surface

The seismic wave field is considerably influenced by local structures close to the source and to the receiver. This applies to sources and receivers situated close to localized inhomogeneities, to structural interfaces, to the earth's surface, etc. In this paper we concentrate our attention mainly to the ray-theoretical radiation patterns of point sources situated close to the structural interfaces and to the earth's surface. In numerical modeling of high-frequency seismic wave fields by the ray method, the interaction of the source with the earth's surface has not usually been taken into account.The proposed procedure of the computation of the radiation patterns of point sources situated directly on structural interfaces and on the earth's surface is based on the zero-order approximation of the ray method, assuming that the length of the ray between the source and the receiver is long. The derived equations are extended to point sources located close to structural interface, to the earth's surface and to thin transition layers using the hybrid ray-reflectivity method, seeervený (1989). The thin layer need not be homogeneous; it may include an arbitrary inner layering (transition layers, laminas, etc.) The only requirement is for the layer to be thin. Roughly speaking, we require its thickness to be less than one quarter of the prevailing wavelength. The hybrid ray-reflectivity method describes well even certain non-ray effects (tunneling.S ^* waves, etc.). Explicit analytical expressions for radiation patterns for all above listed point sources are found. These expression have a local character and may be easily implemented into computer codes designed for the routine computation of ray amplitudes and synthetic ray seismograms in 2-D and 3-D, laterally varying isotropic layered and block structures by the ray method.Numerical examples of radiation patterns ofP andS waves of point sources situated close to the earth's surface and to a thin low-velocity surface layer are presented and discussed. The explosive point source (center of dilatation) and the vertical and horizontal single force point sources are considered. It has been ascertained that the radiation patterns of point sources depend drastically on the depth of the source below the surface even if the depths vary within one quarter of the prevailing wavelength.     

长江中下游5个湖泊黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)种群线粒体细胞色素b基因的遗传变异分析

对长江中下游5个湖泊的黄颡鱼种群的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因进行了PCR扩增、测序,获得了955 bp的序列.分析显示,cyt b序列中A+T含量略高于G+C含量,共检测到54个变异位点,60个样本得到37个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性为0.945±0.018,核苷酸多样性为0.00419±0.00043,遗传多样性表现中等.太湖种群与滆湖种群间的遗传距离最远为0.00651,鄱阳湖种群和巢湖种群之间遗传距离最近为0.00375.分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,群体间遗传分化系数F_st为0.0684,几乎所有变异都来自群体内,群体间遗传分化极小.cyt b序列构建UPGMA系统进化树显示,5个种群没有分化成不同的分枝谱系,种群间存在广泛的基因交流.