濮阳ML4．6级地震泰安地震台潮汐形变短临异常的识别

将倾斜固体潮Nakai拟合检验、倾斜潮汐变化分析引入潮汐形变资料处理中,对2006年4月9日山东莘县与河南濮阳交界的濮阳ML4．6级地震前泰安台的潮汐形变观测资料进行处理与分析,发现在地震前十天左右,泰安地震台出现潮汐形变地震短临异常,异常信号就是我们想要得到的地震前兆信息。     

中强震前形变固体潮汐资料短期信息的提取

分析了各种潮汐观测资料处理方法,针对短期异常提取的要求,提出了适合提取短期异常信息的潮汐资料处理方法,对其计算公式进一步推导和展开。应用这些方法对华北地区和西南地区的重力、倾斜、应变等形变观测量进行了计算。对地震前潮汐因子、时间滞后、响应比等潮汐参数的异常信息进行了提取与分析;突出了震源区附近的短期异常信息,并分析总结其变化特征。     

昌宁5.1级地震前潮汐形变短临异常识别

2015年10月30日19时26分39秒昌宁发生M_L 5.1地震,收集地震前90天云县地震台潮汐形变观测资料,利用倾斜固体潮Nakai拟合检验方法行处理与分析。结果发现,在该地震发生前2—3个月,云县地震台出现趋势异常和非潮汐形变地震短临异常。     

畸形参数附带卓越周期拟合法在泾阳短水准资料处理中的应用

应用畸形参数附带卓越周期拟合法 ,结合其他跨断层形变资料处理方法 ,处理了泾阳短水准资料 ,提取具有定量性质的形变异常特征 ,较好地反映了泾阳 ML 5.2地震前兆信息。且震前形变异常存在着以 3为倍数的韵律特征     

印尼8.7级地震前银川台形变数字化观测资料短临异常特征分析

采用形变观测资料分析方法中比较常用的形态法、差分法、消除潮汐改正和零漂法，处理了银川台形变数字化观测资料，发现在印尼8．7级地震前出现了一些短临异常情况，并对异常的变化特征做了相应的分析。     

新疆石河子、 巴楚震前数字化形变短临异常

以固体潮汐理论为基础, 讨论了提取各种潮汐、 非潮汐参量的计算方法, 并依据新疆地区数字化形变观测资料分析了石河子、 巴楚震前的短临异常信息。 初步获得了各台项异常判别的阈值及该地区近期强震前的短临异常图像。     

黑龙江省延寿地震台竖直摆倾斜仪潮汐短临变化特征

选择黑龙江省延寿地震台CZB-1型竖直摆倾斜仪2005年的固体潮观测资料,提取了2005年7月25日黑龙江省林甸M5.1和9月19日内蒙古牙克石M4.7地震前,倾斜固体潮半日波(M2)的潮汐因子γ及相位滞后因子Δφ等参量,综合分析了中强地震前区域倾斜形变潮汐的短临变化特征。认为:1)对潮汐频段参数潮汐因子、相位滞后因子异常信息进行提取,有利于捕捉地震前兆异常。2)潮汐因子的变化特征从时间上给出了震源的短临前兆信息。从图形变化看,这种变化过程可归纳为趋势性背景变化→增大(或减小)→极值→恢复→等待→发震。3)固体潮调和分析方法具有较强的抗干扰能力,图形变化稳定、异常突出明显     

地震前地壳形变异常分布的非均匀性特征

利用Ｆ综合检验的理论,讨论了形变异常的定量化及检测准则。利用潮汐观测中的非潮汐形变讨论了大同和丽江地震前形变异常分布的非均匀性,并与地震活动的特征进行了对比。结果表明,震前１．５年左右,能检测出区域性的准同步形变异常,出现的异常空区可能是未来的地震危险区,且形变异常空区在震前应有强化或补偿现象。因而,在地震危险区的判定中首先面临的问题是地震孕育所处阶段的判定;在无法判别地震孕育阶段的情况下,形变异常台站周围和异常强度场中所出现的形变异常空区都是危险的。     

地壳体应变异常及其映震效能分析

本文分析了几个体应变观测台站的资料，通过数学方法，提取可能与地震孕育有关的中短期应变趋势变化，计算了潮汐因子，然后选取一定的判别标准，识别其中的异常。通过震例检验表明，体应变异常变化与地震有一定的相关性。本文的数据处理方法在识别震前异常方面有一定效果，所提取的异常信息与地震发生在时间上有较好的对应关系。     

阿克苏周边地区中、强震前的形变异常特征分析

利用形态分析、一阶差分、矢量合成、固体潮汐分析等方法，对阿克苏周边地区中强地震前的形变异常特征进行了初步分析,发现部分中、强震前出现了较好的短临异常反应，而且异常演化过程比较完整。尤其在Ms≥6．0地震前，异常表现的更为突出。同时，不同地区、不同类型的地震前兆异常图像不尽相同，甚至差异较大。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.