Isotopic-geochemical signs of coal and bitumen transformation in different-type ore mineralization: Communication 1. Isotopic-geochemical signs of structural transformation of coal and bitumen

Results of the study of natural organic matter (OM) represented by classes of solid and high-molecular-compounds (resin, ozokerite, asphalt, kerite, graphite, and others) are presented. They are developed as dispersed and concentrated segregations, interlayers, and independent accumulations and impregnation in the fracture-vein system and stratiform bodies. They also accompany ore mineralization. Combination of modern tic mineralogical, chemical, isotopic, infrared spectroscopic, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic) analytical methods provide insight into the OM transformation during oil formation and ore genesis. Variations in OM composition and properties define the concentration of ore elements and change mechanisms of their fixation (sorption, chemosorption, and reduction). Isotopic-geochemical signs of the structural transformation of Coal and bitumen allow us to elaborate a unified scale of catagenesis and metamorphism of the sapropel-and humus-type OM.     

兰坪思茅盆地第三纪矿床有机质特征及其地质意义

兰坪思茅盆地第三纪矿床富含有机质，有机地球化学研究认为，矿床中的有机质片地未成阶段或低级成熟阶段，其分布受中轴断裂带的控制，有机质为少相、陆相的有机沉积物，生物标志显示盆地第三纪成矿为裂谷构造环境。     

Regularities of ore formation in mid-ocean ridges

The regularities of the concentration of ore matter in the mid-ocean ridges are considered, and the mechanisms of hydrothermal and cumulative treatment of the crust by ore elements are substantiated.     

南京栖霞山多金属矿床的有机成矿作用

通过检测南京栖霞山多金属矿床成矿流体中的系列生物标志化合物，确证了成矿流体中的有机质源于赋矿地层中的菌藻类生物。成矿流体中的有机质富含有较多的杂原子，流体中的Ｚｎ含量高达２００．４×１０－６，表明成矿元素能以有机－金属络合物的形式搬运。矿石中的Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ总量与Ｓ／Ｃ比值存在一定关系，有机质通过还原ＳＯ２－４而为矿质沉淀提供Ｓ２－。并由此提出长江中下游地区许多矿床赋存于石炭－三叠系中与有机质、有机流体的这些成矿作用有一定的关系。     

广东省梅县嵩溪银锑矿地质特征及成因探讨

根据嵩溪银锑矿V2、V4、V5、V6号矿脉的产状、形态和矿化特征,分析了矿体沉积环境,控矿构造,成矿物质来源等因素,探讨了矿床的成因;初步认为早侏罗系海底安山玄武岩熔浆,沿寨岗上盆地边缘扩张性断裂上涌,在喷溢过程中,大量含Fe、Ag、Sb及多金属元素从喷口溢在富含有机质的局限-半局限海盆中沉积,形成矿源层或矿胚层。由于海盆中不断地接受上涌基性熔浆,在带来新的矿质来源的同时,含矿热水溶液流经含矿层问破碎裂隙,促使矿源层或矿胚层中矿化组分活化、迁移,在有利的物理化学和构造条件下沉淀富集成矿。其矿床成因应属海底火山喷流沉积-热液改造型矿床。     

西成矿田泥盆系铅锌矿床中的有机成矿作用

西成矿田是秦岭多金属成矿带最重要的铅锌矿田之一.从有机地球化学特征、有机质和有机分子与金属元素的关系、矿石、围岩及与矿石共生的炭沥青的元素分析及有机流体萃取金属元素的模拟实验方面出发, 探讨了有机质在西成铅锌矿田形成过程中的作用.结果表明: (1) 与矿化有关的岩石(硅质岩和灰岩), 主峰碳数均为nC₁₈, 中间支链烷烃、伽玛蜡烷、胡萝卜烷系列含量比非矿化岩石高; (2) 与矿化有关岩石(硅质岩和大理岩) 的生物母源以菌藻类低等生物为主, 并有陆源母质混入, 矿床形成于还原环境, 矿床中存在来源相同或相似的异源有机质; (3) Pb、Zn元素与芳烃、氯芳沥青“A”、非烃+沥青呈显著的负相关; 与非烃、有机硫、有机硫/(有机碳× 1.22) 比值呈正相关关系; Pb、Zn元素与正构烷烃、甾萜烷、胡萝卜烷等有机分子丰度具正相关关系, 而与w(∑C₂₂-)/w(∑C₂₂+)、w(三环萜烷)/w(四环萜烷)、w(C₂₀+C₂₁)/w(C₂₃+C₂₄)及w(萜烷)/w(甾烷) 等有机分子比值具负相关关系; (4) 炭沥青与围岩、矿石中子活化分析结果表明, 在后期改造成矿作用中, 炭沥青与矿石有紧密联系, 有机质和成矿元素一起在改造成矿期抵达成矿部位并参与了成矿; (5) 模拟实验表明, 在热水流体中, 有机水的加入增大了对Pb、Zn元素的溶解能力, 增加了岩样释放成矿元素的能力, 有机质在热水流体运移过程中确实对成矿元素发生了作用.在此基础上, 提出生物有机质在西成地区铅锌矿床的形成过程中发挥了重要作用.      

Influences of ore formation on biomarkers in the Kupferschiefer from the Lubin mine, Poland

Molecular biomarkers are the important maturity parameters for sedimentary organic matter.They have also been widely used for determining the maturity of organic matter in ore deposits. However,during the study of organic matter in the Kupferschiefer from the Lubin mine, it had been found that the biomarkers were influenced by sulfide formation. In order to probe into the degree of influence on biomarkers, seven samples collected from a Kupferschiefer section from the Lubin mine were analyzed by various geochemical methods. The results indicated that in the samples with higher copper contents, the values of biomarkers are lower than in the samples with lower copper contents. In highly mineralized samples, hydrogen donation for thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) occurred in alkylated phenanthrenes and naphthalenes, leading to the decrease of 12 biomarker parameters during the Kupferschiefer mineralization.     

南京栖霞山铅锌多金属矿成矿特征及找矿方向

在分析矿床地质特征的基础上,结合前人资料探讨了栖霞山铅锌多金属矿的成矿物质来源、控矿因素和矿床成因。成矿流体主要由来自深部的含矿热液、源自石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩的有机流体和地表渗流雨水组成。其中,有机流体在矿物沉淀富集过程中起到较为重要的作用。矿体主要受纵向断裂F2、上下构造层之间不整合面和石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩地层控制,认为在栖霞山深部,沿纵向断裂F2的延伸方向仍有较大找矿空间。     

赛什塘矿区侵入岩的地球化学特征及构造环境分析

青海赛什塘地区岩体分布普遍,是多期次侵入的结果。岩体主要以高钾、过铝质、同属钙碱性系列为特征,具有较低含量的稀土元素丰度值,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,铕异常不明显,属I型花岗岩。岩体有Y/Tb值高低不同的两个源区,一是由柴达木地块东南缘岩石圈地幔构成的地幔楔形体,另一个是受其它物源污染的岩浆,是岛弧形成过程中不同阶段的产物。矿区内发现埃达克岩,岩体富含成矿元素,为成矿提供了物质条件。     

西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛矿区筒状矿体的发现及其地质意义

甲玛铜多金属矿床是冈底斯成矿带内与斑岩成矿作用有关的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床。通过对甲玛矿区16号、32号勘探线剖面上主成矿元素以及其他常微量元素矿化分布规律的分析,指出在16线ZK1620～ZK1618之间存在筒状钼铜矿体,其角岩中矿体最大厚度491.38 m,铜平均品位0.21%,钼平均品位0.046%,矿化中心位于ZK1616附近;同时,在林布宗组与多底沟组层间构造带中产出巨厚的矽卡岩型铜钼（金银）多金属矿体,矿体厚度最大达252.2 m,铜平均品位0.75%,钼平均品位0.10%,金平均品位0.24 g/t,银平均品位12.26 g/t。在32线ZK3212～ZK3220范围内也存在筒状钼铜矿体,角岩型矿体最大厚度826 m,铜平均品位0.24%,钼平均品位0.054%,矿化中心位于ZK3216附近;角岩矿体下部为矽卡岩型铜钼（金银）多金属矿体,矿体最厚处超过127.9 m,铜平均品位0.72%,钼平均品位0.053%,金平均品位0.11g/t,银平均品位7.02 g/t。研究表明,甲玛铜多金属矿存在一个以ZK1616～ZK3216一带为矿化中心的筒状矿体（角岩+矽卡岩型矿体）,在筒状矿体的深部可能存在隐伏含矿斑岩体。     

右江盆地流体运移过程中成矿与成藏作用

右江盆地裂陷期和坳陷早期的沉积物提供研究区金矿与古油藏的物质与流体。成矿物质与烃类在盆地流体中沿以二叠纪生物礁为核心的断层、浊积岩及不整合面组成的三维输导体系向盆地边缘及二叠纪生物礁的核部运移。由于烃类物质与盐水体系密度的差异，使烃类物质与成矿物质差异聚集于不同的圈闭中形成流体藏。流体矿藏的破坏是导致成矿物质沉淀形成矿床的直接原因。构造活动、风化剥蚀及流体压裂均可导致流体矿藏破坏，其中燕山构造运动是该区流体藏破坏的主要原因，因而亦是该区金矿成矿作用的主要构造营力。本文从盆地流体运移、演化的角度证明，该区古油藏是盆地裂陷与坳陷阶段流体聚集的产物，而矿床则是盆地挤压抬升阶段流体藏破坏、流体散失的结果。研究成果表明，金矿与油气是同一盆地流体在其不同演化阶段的产物，这对在盆地中寻找相同类型的金属矿产意义重大。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of a stratabound manganese deposit in the Tangganshan region of South China

The Tangganshan manganese ore deposit is a typical sedimentary-magmatic hydatopneumatogenic superimposed ore deposit. In this paper this deposit is discussed in more detail from the following aspects: geology, ore mineralogy, and geochemistry. On the basis of its occurrence, mineral assemblage, element geochemistry, isotopic geochemistry, and characteristics of organic matter and fluid inclusions, the Tangganshan manganese ore deposit has proved to be a new-type manganese ore deposit that has been enriched by magmatic-pneumatolic solutions. Most of the ore-forming elements were derived from the ore deposit itself, and the rest from the magmatic-pneumatolitic solutions.     

云南金顶铅锌矿床的有机成矿作用--来自围岩、矿石中有机质生物标志化 合物的证据

云南金顶铅锌矿床是世界上成矿时代最新且唯一的陆相沉积岩容矿的超大型 铅锌矿床。矿区存在2类有机质——原生型和迁移型,与矿石共生。生物标志化 合物研究结果表明：正构烷烃碳数分布范围较宽,有2种峰型;萜烷化合物的相对 丰度五环三萜烷〉三环萜烷〉四环萜烷;规则甾烷C27～C28～C29呈不对称V字型分 布;有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,伴随有一定量的陆源高等 植物组分;有机质沉积于弱氧化—弱还原环境;成矿热液的热力作用使样品遭受 了一定程度的热解,部分样品还遭受了生物降解作用;生物标志物多参数对比表 明有机质来源于三叠纪三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。原生型有机质的成矿作用主要 体现在对成矿金属元素的预富集上,而迁移型有机质的成矿作用主要是对成矿金 属元素的活化运移。     

粤东北嵩溪银锑矿有机质特征及成矿元素关系探讨

通过粤东北嵩溪银锑矿区的有机质特征有有机碳与成矿元素银、锑关系的研究,从有机地球化学角度对有机碳与成矿元素的共生组合关系以及有机质在成矿过程中的作用做了初步的探讨。有机显微组分中的大量落质体及藻碎屑体指明了成矿早期的海相环境,在对矿区内黑色页岩系中的有机碳、硫、银、锑含量对比分析之后发现,有机碳与其三者存在着良好的正线性相关关系,有机质在银锑矿的形成过程中起到了重要的作用。研究工作的结果初步表明了     

New data on hydrocarbons in auriferous conglomerates of the Witwatersrand ore region, Republic of South Africa

Genesis of deposits in the world’s largest Witwatersrand auriferous region (South Africa) remains a debatable issue over several decades. Based on geological and mineralogical-geochemical investigations, we previously proposed a sedimentary-exhalative hypothesis for its origin. In the present communication, we have attempted to develop and scrutinize this concept based on the study of organic matter in ore and nonore conglomerates, quartz in conglomerate pebbles, and fluid inclusions in quartz from pebbles and cement of ore and nonore conglomerates.     

山东昌邑莲花山铁矿矿床地质与矿石稀土、微量元素特征

莲花山铁矿位于昌邑-安丘铁成矿带的中部,铁矿体赋存于古元古代粉子山群小宋组中。本文通过矿石地球化学特征及其与矽卡岩矿物组合和赋矿围岩结构特征的对比研究,证明了莲花山铁矿与条带状铁矿相似。莲花山铁矿矿石稀土元素含量较低,经页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式呈现轻稀土元素亏损、重稀土元素富集的特征,具有明显的Eu、Y、La异常,为无明显Ce异常,Y/Ho比值反映了在其沉积时受到海水作用的影响,表明莲花山铁矿的稀土元素来源于火山热液和海水的混合溶液。微量元素中Ti、V、Co、Ni、Mn、Sr、Ba等含量较低,原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分曲线显示,U、La、Hf呈正异常,Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr呈负异常,SiO2/Al2O3、Ti/V、Ni/Co、和Sr/Ba的比值指示了莲花山铁矿成矿物质来源于火山物质的沉积。研究结果表明,莲花山铁矿成矿作用源于火山热液与海水的混合,成矿物质来自火山沉积物,其地质与地球化学特征与五台山铁矿一致,为火山沉积变质型铁矿床。     

Super-Enrichment of Dispersed Elements and Associated Ore Deposits

TheeightelementsGe ,Ga ,In ,Tl,Re,Cd ,Se ,andTeareusuallyreferredtoasdispersedelements.Therehasbeennostrictdefinitionpertainingtodispersedelements,andthedispersedele mentsrefertothoseelementswhichhavealoweraverageabundanceinthecrust (usuallyontheor derof 10 -6-10 -9) ,sosomescholarsholdthatthosedispersedelementscouldnotformindepen dentoredeposits.TheGrandEncyclopedia (thevolumeofgeology ,1993 ) presentssuchadescrip tionas:“Dispersedelementscannotformindependentoredepositsandtheyarepresent…     

有机烃气法在个旧锡矿松树脚矿田中的应用

各类岩体、矿石、围岩、地表土壤的烃气测量结果表明,个旧锡矿的成矿存在有机物的参与,矿体周围存在烃气晕圈异常场,已知矿体上方地表有良好的烃气异常反映。认为有机质对金属元素的沉淀、成岩、活化迁移和成矿作用可能比通常认识的大得多,应深入研究有机烃气寻找金属矿这一新方法。     

Petrological,geochemical, and mineralogical compositions of the low-Ge coals from the Shengli Coalfield,China: A comparative study with Ge-rich coals and a formation model for coal-hosted Ge ore deposit

To better understand the formation mechanism of coal-hosted Ge ore deposits, this paper reports on the petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions of the low-Ge coals in the Shengli Coalfield (Inner Mongolia, China), using optical microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The samples in the present study closely neighbor the previously-reported Wulantuga coal-hosted Ge ore deposit (both No. 6 Coal). In comparison with the Wulantuga Ge-rich coals, the low-Ge coals of the Shengli field display higher moisture (27.59% on average) and lower pyritic sulfur contents (0.53%). Both the low-Ge and Ge-rich coals are generally high in inertinite, and have varying but relatively low huminite contents. Preservation of fecal pellets as macrinite is notable in both the low-Ge and Ge-rich coals, and the position of the fecal pellets appears to be within tunnels or chambers within the wood. Quartz, kaolinite, pyrite, and gypsum are the major crystalline phases identified in most of the Ge-rich and low-Ge coals, but the low-Ge coals contain significantly less pyrite and are more abundant in non-mineral Ca and Mg. Ca-oxalate of authigenic origin is observed, generally occurring as cell-fillings in the low-Ge coals. Otherwise mineral-free organic matter in the low-Ge coals would be expected to have an inherent ash yield of around 6%, derived from the inorganic elements (mainly non-mineral Ca and Mg) that occur either in the organic matter or as dissolved ions in the pore water and form the sulfate species in low-temperature (oxygen-plasma) ash residues. The highly-elevated trace elements, including Be, Ge, As, Sb, W, Hg, and Tl, that occur in the Ge-rich coals of the Wulantuga deposit, are significantly depleted in the low-Ge coals. Lateral migration of Ge–W- and As–Hg–Sb–Tl-rich solutions through the original peat swamp for the Wulantuga Ge ore deposit has led to significant enrichment of Ge on the margin of the coal basin but decreasing Ge concentrations toward to the inner part of the basin. Such a migration direction is different to those in the previously-reported for the hydrothermal solutions in the Lincang (Yunnan of China) and Spetzugli (Russian Far East) Ge ore deposits, where the solutions migrated vertically from granite to peat along faults and led to a dome-shaped Ge distribution in the relevant coal seam.     

甘肃公婆泉铜矿区植物地球化学特征

公婆泉铜矿区植被属荒漠植被类型,主要产出红沙（Ｒｅａｕｍｕｒｉａ ｓｏｏｎｇｒｉｃａ）、木本猪毛莱（Ｓａｌｓｏｌａ ａｒｂｕｓｃｕｌａ）及细枝盐爪爪（Ｋａｌｉｄｉｕｍ ｇｒａｃｌｅ）３种群落。植物可分为富Ｋ、Ｎａ贫Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和富Ｃａ、Ｍｇ贫Ｋ、Ｎａ两种生物地球化学类型。矿区植物中元素平均含量及变化系数大于背景区;元素含量矿区呈偏对数正态或双峰分布,背景区呈对数正态分布。Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、