湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿NNW向构造的识别及其找矿意义

湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿床属岩浆期后热液型矿床,近年来由于危机矿山深部找矿项目取得重大找矿进展而引起各方关注。矿床经历了多期构造活动,包括NNE向、近NE向和NNW向,但以往一直将NNE向作为控岩控矿构造。系统的地质调查及岩体对比发现,NNE向断裂为成矿前逆冲构造,控制区内的褶皱与石英斑岩的侵入,并在成矿期继续活动。NNW向构造控制了矿区内花岗斑岩(301#、304#)的侵入以及矽卡岩及其相关的钨钼矿、铅锌矿的成矿。铅锌矿体受NNW与NNE向断裂的联合控制,常呈"S"型、或两组断裂交汇处的不规则脉状。矿化以NNW向花岗斑岩为中心形成分带,矽卡岩型钨钼矿化分布于花岗斑岩体边部,铅锌矿体分布于外侧。NNW向控矿构造的认识揭示出黄沙坪矿床301#花岗斑岩体及其东南部深部地区将是重要的找矿方向;同时,301#-304#岩体构成的NW构造线两侧,具有进一步寻找小型铅锌矿体的条件,这些矿体主要位于NNE与NNW向断裂的交汇部位。     

江西省九瑞矿集区宝山铜多金属矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

经过对宝山铜多金属矿床的野外地质调查,认为该矿床主要由斑岩型铜钼(银)矿体、矽卡岩型铜、钼(银)矿体、角岩化变质粉砂岩内热液充填型铜金(钼、银)矿体组成.与成矿密切相关的构造为北东向F1断裂和北西向F2断裂.斑岩型铜多金属矿体呈细脉状、稀疏浸染状-稠密浸染状产出于花岗闪长斑岩中,矿体形态似层状、透镜状.矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体以浸染状和细脉-网脉状分布于花岗闪长斑岩与奥陶系碳酸盐岩接触带及其围岩裂隙中,呈似层状、透镜状产出.角岩化泥质粉砂岩中热液充填型铜多金属矿体,规模较小,均以细脉-网脉状黄铜矿、辉钼矿石英脉的形式分布于与花岗闪长斑岩接触带附近的志留系殿背组、清水组泥质粉砂岩中,呈透镜状产出.三类矿体在成因上存在联系,成矿作用主要受控于花岗闪长斑岩,只是成矿物质沉淀的空间位置存在区别.宝山矿床为与高钾钙碱性重熔型花岗闪长斑岩成因密切联系的构造-岩浆岩"三位一体"的成矿机制,即矿体赋存于斑岩、矽卡岩、角岩化泥质粉砂岩中所形成的"斑岩-矽卡岩-热液充填"复合型矿床.     

湖南宝山矿床花岗岩类硫-铅同位素和流体包裹体研究及其成因意义

宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床是湖南重要的铅锌生产基地。矿床内矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿化受侏罗纪花岗闪长斑岩的控制,而主要的铅锌矿体则产于远离岩体的碳酸盐地层中,且缺乏可靠的矿化年龄限制。为了查明宝山铅锌矿体与花岗闪长斑岩之间的成因关系,文章对宝山花岗岩类中浸染状黄铁矿的硫同位素和钾长石的铅同位素,以及铅锌矿石萤石脉石的流体包裹体进行了测试和研究,并与前人报道的铅锌硫化物矿石的硫、铅同位素进行了对比,尝试为宝山铅锌矿化的物质来源及成因提供依据。研究表明,花岗闪长斑岩中浸染状黄铁矿的δ34S值为+1.5‰~+3.5‰,与铅锌矿石硫化物(方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿)相一致;同时,花岗岩类中钾长石的铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.4789~18.7668、15.6835~15.7220和38.7903~39.1035,具有壳源的特征,且与铅锌矿石硫化物的铅同位素分布范围相吻合。宝山矿床的硫、铅同位素特征表明,花岗闪长斑岩应是铅锌矿化的主要硫源及金属来源。宝山矿床铅锌矿石萤石中的流体包裹体具有低温(130~150℃)、低盐度(8%)的特征,可能是岩浆热液演化到晚期的产物。结合已有的有关资料加以对比和分析,研究认为,宝山铅锌矿床的成矿物质应来源于花岗闪长岩的岩浆期后热液,在热液演化晚期迁移到远端地层中沉淀,形成了宝山的主要铅锌矿体。     

广东大宝山矿田船肚钼钨铜矿床的地质特征、成矿规律与找矿方向

广东大宝山矿田船肚矽卡岩型钨钼铜矿床受船肚花岗闪长岩体接触带的控制,按空间展布分为北矿带和南矿带。浅部钻探和坑道揭露显示:北矿带裂隙密集,由石英网脉型、构造破碎带型及少量矽卡岩型铜钼矿组成;南矿带为矽卡岩型钨钼矿。蚀变特征和矿化类型及成岩成矿年龄表明,该钼钨矿床是与燕山期花岗闪长岩浆活动有关的中高温热液充填交代矿床,成矿物质来源于花岗闪长岩。通过对有利的赋矿围岩分析、控矿构造解析和与大宝山矿区的控矿要素对比分析,认为船肚岩体是沿着寒武系(顶板)与泥盆系(底板)之间的推覆构造侵入的,靠近花岗闪长岩的内接触带是石英网脉型辉钼矿的有利找矿部位,而云英岩化则是有效的找矿标志。在深部和外围矽卡岩带是船肚矿区南、北矿带探寻矽卡岩型钼钨矿体最具潜力的部位。船肚北矿带次英安斑岩体内部、与斑岩体相连通的成矿前断裂带中和构造虚脱部位、块状和似层状矿体外围的断层、裂隙、节理连通部位及层间滑动虚脱部位都是下一步铜多金属矿找矿的有利部位。文章认为船肚矿区深部存在隐伏铜钼多金属矿体的潜力较大,是大宝山多金属矿田找矿突破的重点地段和重要接替资源区域。     

西藏查个勒铅锌钼铜矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素特征及成矿指示——兼与念青唐古拉成矿带中-东段铅锌(铜钼)矿床对比

查个勒铅锌钼铜矿床位于念青唐古拉铅锌银铁铜成矿带西段南缘,为查明其成矿物质来源及矿床成因,对该矿床开展了系统的H、O、S、Pb同位素研究,并与念青唐古拉成矿带中-东段典型铅锌(铜钼)矿床进行对比。查个勒矿床石英H、O同位素(δD值介于-189‰～-157‰之间,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值介于-2.2‰～2.9‰之间)指示其成矿流体主要由岩浆水与大气降水混合组成。矿区北部铅锌矿体硫化物δ~(34)S值为-5.6‰～-0.8‰,均值为-3.7‰,显示岩浆硫和地层硫混合的特征。矿区南部(铜)钼矿体硫化物δ~(34)S值为1.1‰～2.6‰,均值为1.8‰,显示岩浆硫的特征。矿石硫化物和花岗斑岩全岩~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb的比值分别为38.988～39.269、39.002～39.559,15.657～15.747、15.643～15.664,18.614～18.688、18.663～19.058。矿石硫化物与花岗斑岩的Pb同位素特征相似,均表现出上地壳Pb源的特征,推测成矿物质主要来自上地壳岩浆源。查个勒矿床H、O、S、Pb同位素特征与中-东段典型铅锌(铜钼)矿床相似,表明念青唐古拉成矿带铅锌(铜钼)矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源一致。作者认为查个勒矿床是一个受岩浆和构造共同控制的斑岩型(铜)钼+矽卡岩型-热液脉型铜铅锌矿床,在念青唐古拉成矿带,自西向东分布有多处斑岩型(铜)钼矿+矽卡岩型-热液脉型(铜)铅锌矿矿集区。     

豫西南赤土店铅锌矿床地质、流体包裹体和S、Pb同位素地球化学特征

豫西南栾川地区近年铅锌矿勘查取得显著进展,显示出良好的资源前景。赤土店铅锌矿床是新发现的铅锌矿之一,从控矿要素和矿体产状看,有两种矿化类型,即北西西向断裂构造控制的脉状铅锌矿,和石宝沟岩体外围矽卡岩带中的铅锌矿,并以前者为主。在空间上围绕斑岩体往外,构成近斑岩体发育矽卡岩型钼矿化,远斑岩体接触带的围岩矽卡岩中发育矽卡岩型多金属矿床,在斑岩体外围的断裂带中发育脉型铅锌银矿床的空间分布或分带规律。流体包裹体研究显示,成矿阶段温度较高(290～340℃),流体含大量CO2,并发生过流体不混溶分离。S同位素组成(0.20‰～8.30‰,平均3.93‰)显示,硫有深部岩浆(区内斑岩硫集中在2‰～4‰)和地层(分别集中在-13‰～-8‰和6‰～11‰两个区间)两种来源。被矿相学研究证实共生的方铅矿-闪锌矿矿物对计算出平衡温度为388.29℃,亦显示高温特征。Pb同位素组成(206Pb/204Pb=17.005～l7.953,207Pb/204Pb=15.414～15.587,208Pb/204Pb=37.948～39.03)反映,脉状铅锌矿成矿物质可能主要来自斑岩,部分来自地层。综合分析认为,赤土店矿床为与燕山期斑岩有关的铅锌矿,其脉状矿体为岩浆热液充填-交代成因类型。     

湖南宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床矿物学特征及其地质意义

宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床位于我国南岭成矿带中段北缘,是南岭成矿带中的重要类型之一。宝山矿床具有明显的水平分带性,即以花岗闪长斑岩为中心的铜钼矿化,周边是铅锌银矿化。本文通过对宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床中的石榴子石、透辉石、黄铁矿、闪锌矿等矿物进行矿物学研究及电子探针测试分析,归纳总结出：宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床成矿期次为矽卡岩阶段、退变质与氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段;矿床石榴石端员组分总体以钙铁榴石（23.48%~90.39%）为主,其次为钙铝榴石（5.81%~71.27%）;辉石的成分端员以透辉石（Di_61-95）为主,石榴子石成分和透辉石组分与世界上典型矽卡岩型铜矿的石榴子石和透辉石组分十分相似,属于典型的矽卡岩型铜矿床。从宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床硫化物中黄铁矿、闪锌矿矿物成分组成可以看出,该矿床硫化物为岩浆热液成因,并呈现出北东向比南西向成矿温度高的特征。     

湖南宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床构造控岩控矿模式

湖南宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床位于南岭东西向构造带与耒阳—临武南北向构造带的复合部位,是该区大型—超大型矿床的典型代表之一。矿床（体）与燕山早期花岗闪长斑岩体在空间上关系密切,均明显受构造控制。在大比例尺构造剖面精细解析基础上,分析构造类型及其主要特征,总结构造控岩控矿规律。研究认为:矽卡岩型铜钼矿体主要受北东—北东东向褶皱控制;热液脉型铅锌银矿体主要受褶皱翼部层间断裂及北东向压扭性断裂控制。构造应力场最大主应力方向经历了成矿前近南北向→成矿期近东西向→成矿后北东—南西向的转变。北东—北东东向压扭性断裂为导矿构造,北西西向张扭性断裂为控岩构造。构造不仅控制了成矿岩体的展布,而且控制了成矿类型的变化。在此基础上,建立了构造控岩控矿模式,指示已知矿体北西侧深部是有利的找矿地段。该研究为深部找矿预测提供重要依据,对坪宝矿田的找矿部署和深部勘查具有参考意义。      

滇西北香格里拉东炉房铜钼矿床斑岩-热液成矿特征及找矿预测

东炉房铜钼矿床位于扬子西缘坳陷带,是滇西北香格里拉地区近年新勘查评价的中型矿床,该矿床具大型规模远景。本次通过地质详查及综合研究工作,基本查明了矿床特征,理清了成矿规律,提出了深部及外围找矿预测区。研究认为:铜钼铅锌金多金属矿化与石英闪长玢岩-石英二长斑岩复式侵入岩紧密相关,矿化蚀变具有斑岩型-矽卡岩型-中低温热液脉型成矿系统特征;矿区共圈定24条矿体,其中斑岩型钼(铜)矿体3条,矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿体14条,中低温热液脉型铅锌(金)矿体7条,具有由内到外,由高温至中低温为Mo(Cu)→Cu(Mo)、Fe→Pb、Zn、Au的斑岩成矿系统元素分带特征;结合矿区矿床地质、地球物理、土壤地球化学特征,矿区外围及深部圈定3处寻找斑岩型-矽卡岩型铜钼多金属矿找矿靶区。该矿床的评价对区内寻找同类型矿床具有重要指示意义。     

湖南宝山-大坊矿区成矿花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及微量元素组成对区域成矿作用的指示

钦-杭成矿带是华南地区新近识别出的一条重要的中生代斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属成矿带。宝山矿床处于铜山岭-宝山-水口山矿区的中部,是湘南地区最大的铜多金属矿床,而大坊金矿床与宝山Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn矿相邻,在空间上亦与花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。矿区内岩浆活动复杂,矿化类型齐全,成矿元素多样。我们对宝山成矿花岗闪长斑岩、花岗闪长质隐爆角砾岩和大坊成矿花岗闪长斑岩进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,结果表明宝山花岗闪长斑岩、花岗闪长质隐爆角砾岩和大坊花岗闪长斑岩的侵位年龄分别为156. 3±0. 9Ma、157. 1±1. 8Ma和154. 5±1. 0Ma,三者在误差范围内一致,均为晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物;锆石Hf同位素研究表明,宝山和大坊矿床的成矿岩体均主要为古元古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物,并有幔源组分的加入;锆石微量元素分析结果显示,上述三类岩石的锆石具有相似的稀土元素配分模式,显示它们可能是同一期岩浆作用的产物。宝山矿区花岗闪长斑岩中锆石的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值平均为355,与全球典型的含铜斑岩的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值( 300)相似。而大坊矿区花岗闪长斑岩中锆石的δEu平均为0. 48,与宝山岩体δEu平均值(0. 42)相近,指示二者具有相对较高的氧逸度,均为与铜金多金属矿化有关的斑岩体。锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及微量元素特征表明,大坊金矿和宝山铜多金属矿床均与矿区花岗闪长斑岩具有时空及成因联系,共同构成钦杭成矿带中段一套与花岗闪长斑岩有关的Cu(Mo)-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag成矿系统。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861