两淮地区奥陶系沉积相及相模式

安徽两淮地区，奥陶系发育良好，以浅水碳酸盐岩为主，根据岩石类型、结构、构造、生物和剖面结构特征，可划分潮坪、局限潮下、浅滩、开阔潮下４个相带及２２个主要碳酸盐微相类型。碳酸盐相模式为均斜缓坡类型。     

碳酸盐缓坡区的露头层序地层研究

碳酸盐缓坡区沉积相带宽, 缺乏直观的物理层序界面标志, 但区域上受气候海平面控制的多级岩性旋回发育, 可对比性强, 生物丰富, 因而可借助于旋回地层学和生态地层学方法进行区域露头层序地层研究.通过岩性旋回叠加型式和生境型迁移过程研究, 较好地进行了下扬子区下三叠统露头层序划分, 建立了层序地层格架, 并提出以海侵面为界进行层序划分对于碳酸盐缓坡区露头层序地层研究更有可操作性和实用性.      

川西北部泥盆系观雾山组沉积相新认识——以大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面为例

川西泥盆系观雾山组沉积相研究缺乏横向对比,沉积模式还存在争议。根据川西北部白家乡大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面实测成果,对中泥盆统观雾山组沉积相进行了分析,认为:大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面观雾山组为碳酸盐镶边台地沉积,期间发生短暂的碳酸盐缓坡化;桂溪剖面观雾山组同属碳酸盐台地边缘,观雾山组中段发育开阔台地深水沉积,并不是前人认为的潟湖沉积。研究区碳酸盐镶边台地包括台地边缘和前缘斜坡两种亚相,前缘斜坡亚相发育于何家梁剖面,以塌积岩沉积为标志。碳酸盐缓坡包括深水缓坡和浅水缓坡两种亚相。随着海平面变化,观雾山组碳酸盐岩发育三个沉积旋回,第一、第三沉积旋回为镶边台地沉积,第二沉积旋回为碳酸盐缓坡沉积。观雾山组沉积微相对储层的分布起控制作用:生物碎屑滩和上斜坡微相为有利储层发育相带;生物礁中在油气运移之前形成的溶蚀孔洞已被白云石和方解石充填,滩间微相泥质(泥晶)白云岩不利于溶蚀孔洞形成,这二者均不是有利储层发育相带。     

缓坡及其构造背景——以中国南方早寒武世龙王庙期扬子碳酸盐缓坡为例

引言自Ahr(1973)提出第一个碳酸盐缓坡模式以来,沉积学家通过对现代或古代地层沉积相分析,相继发现了一系列各种类型的现代或古代的碳酸盐缓坡(Read,1980,1985,1989;Ahr,1989;Grotzinger,1989;Bechstadt,1989;Wright,1986;Gawthorpe,1986)。尽管这些缓坡各自都具有与陆架碳酸盐台地截然不同的共同特征,但它们在沉积学上都各具特色,特别是它们都是在某一特定的构造背景(如热沉降、前陆负荷绕曲或海平面上升)下开始生长发育的。我国南方早古生代初期扬子碳酸盐缓坡具有浅水缓坡带宽广,具远岸加积障壁;深水缓坡具加积碳酸盐建隆等特征。它是继晚前寒武纪我国南方大陆裂谷作用之后,扬子陆块     

答读者问

读者来信询问有无反映最新研究水平的碳酸盐内源沉积及其相模式的新书近期出版。据了解我国沉积学家孟祥化教授编写的《碳酸盐内源沉积相模式》一书最近已内部出版,可向中国地质科学院内中国建筑装饰石材协会秘书处订购。每册2.6元。全书分三篇十四章,内容包括碳酸盐沉积相与相模式概念、内源沉积环境及作用场、内源沉积相带的划分、碳酸盐及其它内源岩沉积相模式等。     

贵州贵阳贞丰地区早中三叠世深水碳酸盐斜坡沉积特征、演化和构造控制

早中三叠世贵州贵阳贞丰地区构造上位于南盘江盆地西北缘,其深水碳酸盐斜坡沉积作用由原地碳酸盐和异地碳酸盐组成。其中,异地碳酸盐有碎屑流、变密度颗粒流、浊流和沉积物滑动4种类型。组成了碳酸盐同斜缓坡、沉积型斜坡和跌积型斜坡三种斜坡沉积类型。在早中三叠世全球海平面上升背景下,碳酸盐斜坡沉积主要受构造活动的控制。早三叠世,盆地处于被动边缘,碳酸盐斜坡经历了由缓坡到进积型沉积斜坡的发展。中三叠世随着盆地进入到前陆盆地的演化,碳酸盐斜坡受挠曲引张作用影响,发展成后退的跌积型斜坡,并经历了从阶梯状后退到连续后退的演化。     

四川盆地东北部长兴期沉积特征与沉积格局

四川盆地东北部长兴组（大隆组）为海洋环境的产物,根据沉积特点,可以分为碳酸盐台地沉积体系和盆地沉积体系。碳酸盐台地沉积体系又可进一步分为局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘礁滩及缓坡等沉积相。在详细研究分析各沉积体系的沉积特点的基础上,探讨了该期沉积相带的空间分布,提出了不存在“开江一梁平”海槽的认识。笔者等认为在“开江梁平海槽”区域内,长兴组只是水体相对台地较深环境（台棚环境）的产物,为碳酸盐缓坡,不宜称为海槽。指出台地边缘浅滩及生物礁是储层最有利相带,礁白云岩及颗粒白云岩等是储层的有利微相。研究区的生物礁为碳酸盐台地边缘缓坡点礁群,沿着台地边缘断续分布。     

碳酸盐岩沉积相及相模式

碳酸盐岩在我国广泛发育,是重要的油气勘探层位。目前关于碳酸盐岩沉积相及相模式,存在诸多问题,主要包括部分沉积相命名混乱,同一种相,名称不同,或同一名称,含义不同;相模式不完善,用词不严谨,不同相带的区别特征不明确,应用困难等等。本文根据多年碳酸盐岩研究经验以及国内外前人对现代及古代碳酸盐岩的研究,对一些碳酸盐岩沉积相的定义进行了厘定,对台地、斜坡和盆地的类型进行了划分。在前人研究基础上,将台地划分为孤立台地、镶边台地和离岸台地,其中将镶边台地进一步划分为镶边陡坡台地和镶边缓坡台地,将离岸台地进一步划分为离岸陡坡台地和离岸缓坡台地;将斜坡划分为缓坡、陡坡和陡崖;将盆地划分为浅盆和深盆。分析了不同类型台地的成因和演化序列,将台地演化划分为初期、早期、中期和晚期四个阶段,不同阶段特征不同。总结出了不同类型台地的沉积模式,尤其对不同相带的识别标志进行了提炼和总结。     

黔南地区早、中泥盆世沉积演化的动力机制

泥盆纪时，黔南地区为一相对稳定的台地，早泥盆世晚期，海水开始漫漫其上.初始发育陆源碎屑沉积体系，中泥盆世发育陆源碎屑～碳酸盐混合体系.空间配置有下列几种类型:滨岸障壁～泻湖～河流体系，碳酸盐缓坡～滨岸障壁～泻湖体系，镶边型碳酸盐台地～泻湖三角洲（潮坪）体系，碳酸盐缓坡～三角洲体系。基底断裂限定了台地和台间沟的延限范围和演化进程，这两种不同沉积背景的沉积演化旋回可能主要受海平面变化控制。     

贵州中南部早三叠世沉积演化

通过对贵州修文—广西天峨地区早三叠世地层剖面测制和相序解析,并对其相的确定和划分。重点从各地层组的岩性组合、生物组合、顶底界线入手,进行综合对比研究,进而达到相区划分。得出研究区早三叠世早期广海陆棚沉积环境演化为碳酸盐缓坡沉积环境;末期向镶边碳酸盐台地沉积环境过渡,而罗甸板庚一带为孤立台地沉积环境。同时建立起研究区早三叠世两个三级层序。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861