硫同位素在地球化学异常成因研究中的应用

地球化学异常成因研究是评价其成矿前景、矿化类型的基础资料。本文借鉴稳定同位素示踪成矿物质来源的原理和方法,将硫同位素引入到地球化学异常成因研究中,通过对乌奴格吐山和垦山试验区Cu矿化体、Cu异常地段硫同位素组成特征的研究,发现在乌奴格吐山试验区Cu矿化及Cu异常地段硫的来源是一致的,表明应用硫同位素组成特征判断地球化学异常成因是可行的;对比发现,垦山试验区Cu异常地段硫同位素值较乌奴格吐山试验区偏高,推断该Cu异常是由后期热液作用形成的,由此针对该异常的地质找矿及工作部署应该围绕热液矿床进行。     

冀宁管道工程断裂带抗震设计简介

冀宁管道工程穿越了全新世活动断裂苍山-尼山断裂和郯庐断裂带中沂沭断裂的新沂-泗洪断裂段，其中郯庐大断裂是目前国内最大的地表活动断裂。本文详细的阐述了冀宁管道工程抗震设计的计算、敷设方案和监测、预警系统，些新观点和新做法为今后的国内抗震设计奠定了基础。     

胶东乳山金矿床成因

乳山金矿床位于牟平—乳山金矿带中部,产于昆嵛山花岗岩体中部,是胶东近年来探明的重要金矿床之一。在地质和地球化学方法综合研究基础上提出乳山金矿床属于石英脉型金矿床,是由中生代壳源深熔花岗岩岩浆期后中温热液作用形成的;矿石中金以碲金银矿、银金矿、自然金等形式产在黄铁矿及裂隙中,其物质来源于太古界胶东群地层。     

The Hydrogeochemistry Of Fractured Plutonic Rocks In The Canadian Shield

The composition of groundwater has been determined in selected granitic, gabbroic and gneissic plutons in the Canadian Shield as part of the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. A similar geochemical evolution of the groundwater is seen with increasing depth or with flow along the hydraulic gradient, irrespective of rock type. This pattern is comparable to that seen in mine groundwaters from throughout the Canadian Shield. Near-surface groundwaters are typically dilute, slightly alkaline and Ca-(Na)-HCO₃ in composition. They evolve to higher pH, Na-(Ca)-HCO₃ compositions along the flow path because of interaction with plagioclase, calcite precipitation and ion exchange on clay minerals. At greater depths (>≈200 m), groundwater salinity increases as a result of the dissolution of Cl-rich salts in the rock matrix and, in certain areas, mixing with Na-Cl brines from seawater or basinal formation water. Stable and radioactive isotopic data for the groundwaters help to interpret these characteristics and indicate high residence times for the deeper, saline groundwater.

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3 évoluent du fait des interactions avec les plagioclases, de la précipitation de la calcite et des échanges d'ions avec les argiles. Aux plus grandes profondeurs (>≈200 m), l'accroissement de la salinité de l'eau souterraine est provoqué par la dissolution de chlorures de la matrice et, en certains endroits, par le mélange avec des saumures à Na et Cl d'eau de mer ou d'eau de formation de bassin. Les données des isotopes stables et radioactifs des eaux souterraines aident à interpréter leurs caractéristiques; elles indiquent des temps de séjour longs pour les eaux souterraines salées, les plus profondes.

     

改性粉石英在PE薄膜中的应用

介绍改性粉石英填充PE膜的试验研究.试验表明改性粉石英填充PE薄膜,具有较好的工艺性能,薄膜力学性能优良,生产成本低.证明改性粉石英用作PE薄膜的填料在技术、经济上完全可行.     

Contribution Of Spray Irrigation Of Wastewater To Groundwater Contamination In The Karst Of Southeastern Minnesota,USA

A vegetable- and meat-canning facility located in the karst of southeastern Minnesota disposes ≈2.85×10⁵ m³ yr^?1 of wastewater by spray irrigation of an 83.7-ha field located atop the local groundwater divide. Cannery effluent contains high levels of chloride and nitrogen (organic and ammonia), in excess of 7000 mg/l and 400 mg/l, respectively. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are generally < 5 mg/l. Agricultural, domestic, and municipal sources of chloride and nitrate are common in the region, and water supplies frequently exceed the drinking-water limit for nitrate-nitrogen of 10 mg/l. Fifty-two area wells and thirteen surface-water locations were sampled and analyzed for five ionic species, including: chloride (Cl), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N), sulfate (SO₄), nitrite-nitrogen (NO₂-N), and phosphate (PO₄). Two distinct chloride plumes flowing outward from the groundwater divide were identified, and 65% of the wells sampled had nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in excess of 10 mg/l. The data were divided into two groups: one group of samples from wells located near the canning facility and another group from outside that area. A correlation coefficient of R²= 0.004 for Cl vs. NO₃-N in the vicinity of the irrigation fields indicates essentially no relationship between the source of Cl and NO₃. In areas of agricultural and domestic activities located away from the cannery, an R² of 0.54 suggests that Cl and NO₃ have common sources in these areas.     

辽宁金县寒武纪早期生物矿化迹象

从地质背景、沉积环境模式、矿化部位的宏观特征、显微特征研究,扫描电镜描述、电子探针分析和X-光衍射分析等数据,总结了生物矿化及其演化过程。     

Hydrofracture: State Of The Art In South Africa

During the past five years, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa have hydrofractured a large number of low yielding boreholes in different geological and geohydrological regimes. In the Swartwater study area (10 holes), the results indicate that boreholes that were scientifically sited in order to intersect geological features such as faults or contacts are the most likely to be sucessfully stimulated. In the case of random site selection, the sucess rate was extremely low. By using the newly developed hydrofracture unit and carefully selecting the holes to be stimulated, a low-yielding water borehole can be sucessfully converted into a production hole for between 35 and 45% of the cost of drilling another borehole.     

我国东部地区产于碳酸盐岩中层控铅锌矿床的区域地质特点

产于碳酸盐岩中的层控铅锌矿床是世界上铅锌金属的主要来源。我国东部地区碳酸盐岩中层控铅锌矿床的赋存层位很多,从元古界到中生界均有发现。但较为重要的矿化层位为数并不太多,它们在空间上的分布与区域地质构造演化有十分密切的关系。     

郑州市中深层地下水动态浅析

根据郑州市的水文地质条件,阐述了中深层地下水位的变化原因及趋势,及降落漏斗的形成和演化。由于中深层地下水是生活和工业用水的主要水源,它的补给条件差,80％靠浅层水的越流补给。长期地下水监测资料表明,因不合理的开采,已造成水位的过度下降,漏斗面积的不断扩大,局部水质变化等环境地质问题,并提出推出相应法规,强化节水意识,严格控制城区地下水资源开采,调整开采地区等相应的防治措施。     

遥感图象在找寻铀矿中的应用

作者先后在滇西腾冲、湘东北、江西、华北等地参加过多次多种遥感试验工作,特别在对我国华南(包括华东和西南地区)花岗岩、火山岩、碎屑岩及变质岩等四大类型铀矿之成矿地质背景、成矿构造、景观地貌与铀矿化在遥感图象上的显示特征、标志及找矿方向等诸方面,积累了一些新资料,现撰写成此文,与读者共同讨论。     

瞬变电磁法在地下金属物体探测中的应用

一种无损高分辨率电磁探测技术（TEM）－瞬变电磁法，它不同于探地雷达。它应用探测的电导率数据成图，可提供解释出地下埋藏的金属物体及相关信息，主要用于地下环境工程、市政工程、考古、军械遗弃场地的普查探测等领域，在设计、开挖、施工过程中，能够充分了解地下金属物体（金属管线等）的分布及地质情况，也能充分利用探测成果在盲区做集中、具体的工作。由高分辨率瞬变电磁技术所得的信息是非常重要的。     

Impacts Of Urbanisation And Protection Of Water Resources In The Vilnius District,Lithuania

Vilnius municipality, Lithuanian Republic, is revising the general plan of city development. Different environmental scenarios of the city's growth possibilities have been evaluated. One of the most serious problems limiting the city's growth is water-resources protection. Increasing eutrophication of rivers and lakes is the result of pollution. Untreated sewage, recreation and agriculture are the most important sources of contamination. Therefore, certain limitations on the expansion of the city in the zones of surface-water protection are planned. The necessity of groundwater protection is further limiting the city's growth. The shallow water-table aquifer is vulnerable pollution almost everywhere, so it needs be highly protected where it is utilised for water supply or where it is replenishing deeper exploited aquifers. Eighteen to nineteen groundwater intakes are operated within the limits of the city and its suburbs. The principal artesian aquifer in the central and southwestern parts of the town is fairly vulnerable to pollution. Two groups of territories for controlling city growth are identified, on the basis of surface-water importance for recreation and groundwater for water supply. A method similar to GIS technologies was applied for this purpose.     

从邯邢式铁矿某些蚀变矿物学特征探讨矿床的形成

燕山中期岩浆同化混染中奥陶统含蒸发岩层的碳酸盐岩形成富钠和挥发组分的岩浆,为岩浆后期及期后钠化、矽卡岩化及热液蚀变提供了主要物源。钠化过程中萃取了铝硅酸盐岩中的铁、钾、钙及镁等,之后,含矿气液沿减压释放带迁移,并聚集交代成矿。对某些蚀变矿物特征的研究表明,钠化、矽卡岩化和热液蚀变是交代成矿作用的统一过程.蚀变矿物学特征,不仅揭示了该矿床形成时的地质环境、物理化学条件及其演化过程的规律,并且对邯邢式铁矿床的找矿评价具有标志作用。     

兰成渝输油管道输送工艺的设计特点

兰成渝输油管道输送工艺非常复杂，其大落差地形的压力控制是该管道设计的难点和重点。通过兰成渝输油管道输送工艺设计上的一些特点简介及技术总结，可以加深对大落差地段成品；由管道设计的了解。     

湖南锑矿成因探讨

一、湖南锑矿床特征 (一) 分布特点湖南锑矿遍布全省,共有大小矿床几十处,矿点百余处。具有工业意义的矿床集中分布在湘中(图1),其次是湘东。     

闽西南昌福山矿区童子岩组三段沉积特征及聚煤讨论

论述了研究区主要含煤地层的沉积特征。分析了区内童子岩组第三段上亚段沉积环境：3号煤层为河控三角洲相沉积；5号煤层为下三角洲平原型沉积；7号煤层为海湾潮坪型沉积；9号煤层为独立障壁岛泻湖沉积。研究成果对区内煤岩层对比具有重要意义。     

蚌埠-五河地区绿岩带金矿地质特征及控矿因素

通过铅、硫、氢、氧同位素以及不同层位、岩石金丰度的大量统计,成矿与构造、岩浆岩关系研究,表明金的成矿作用具有多来源、多成因、多阶段的特点,金矿有明显的层控性,晚太古代西堌堆组绿岩是金的矿源层。区域东西向复式背斜和南北向韧性剪切带分别控制了成矿区和矿田、矿床、矿体的分布。金矿主要形成在燕山期中温、中深成条件下的脆一韧性变形环境。     

Artificial Recharge Of Urban Wastewater,The Key Component In The Development Of An Industrial Town On The Arid West Coast Of South Africa

Atlantis, an industrial town on the somewhat bleak and undeveloped west coast of South Africa, is entirely dependent on groundwater resources for its water supply. With a population of more than 67,000 people and about 140 factories, Atlantis requires a reliable supply of potable water of about 1.5᎒⁶m³/a. The demand is met through artificial recharge of a local, shallow, sandy aquifer that supplies the town's water. A well designed stormwater drainage system and scientifically based water-quality management strategy allow for the recharge of all urban stormwater runoff and treated domestic sewage effluent. Extensive research and sound planning have meant that no water is wasted, for even the water that is unacceptable for recharge in the main aquifer is recharged in strategic localities to counter saline intrusion. The Atlantis Water Resource Management Scheme serves as a good example of what can be achieved when hydrogeologists, engineers, and urban managers integrate their skills. RÉSUMÉ: Atlantis, ville industrielle sur la côte occidentale presque désertique et sous-développée de l'Afrique du Sud dépend totalment des ressources en eau souterraine pour son alimentation en eau. Avec une population de plus de 67.000 habitants et environ 140 usines, Atlantis a besoin d'une alimentation sûre en eau potable d'environ 1,5 million de m³ par an. La demande est satisfaite grâce à la recharge artificielle d'un aquifère sableux local et superficiel qui alimente la ville en eau. Un système de collecte des eaux pluviales bien conçu et une stratégie rigoureuse de gestion de la qualité de l'eau prend en compte tous les ruissellements urbains d'eau pluviale et les effluents d'eaux usées domestiques. Une recherche d'envergure et une planification permettent de ne pas perdre d'eau, dans la mesure où celle qui n'est pas bonne pour la recharge de l'aquifère principal est utilisée pour contrer l'intrusion saline en des sites stratégiques. Le schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux d'Atlantis est un bon exemple de ce qui peut être fait lorsque des hydrogéologues, des ingénieurs et des urbanistes mettent en commun leur savoir-faire. RESUMEN: Atlantis, una ciudad industrial en la algo desolada y poco desarrollada costa oeste de Sudáfrica, depende enteramente de los recursos de agua subterránea para su abastecimiento. Con una población de más de 67000 habitantes y cerca de 140 industriales, Atlantis requiere un suministro garantizado de agua potable de alrededor de 1.5᎒⁶m³ por año. Esta cifra se consigue mediante recarga artificial de un acuífero local, arenoso y poco profundo, que suministra el agua a la ciudad. Un sistema de renaje de las aguas de tormenta bien diseñado y una estrategia científica de gestión de la calidad del agua permiten la recarga de la totalidad de la escorrentía urbana durante las tormentas y del efluente de aguas residuales domésticas tratado. La investigación y planificación intensivas han permitido que no se malgaste nada de agua, ya que incluso aquella que no es aceptable para recarga en el acuífero principal, sí se recarga en localidades estratégicas, para contrarrestar la intrusión marina. El Atlantis Water Resource Management Scheme (Esquema de Gestión de los Recursos de Agua de Atlantis) sirve como un buen ejemplo de lo que se puede conseguir cuando hidrogeólogos, ingenieros y urbanistas integran sus cualidades.