印尼贯穿流对印度洋的热量贡献

本文基于海洋环流模式模拟的高分辨率欧拉场,利用拉格朗日追踪方法,评估了印尼贯穿流（ITF）对印度洋的热量贡献。通过计算ITF水体在印度洋的传输路径及伴随的温度变化来获取ITF水体在印度洋的热量传输过程。模拟结果表明ITF进入印度洋后主要向西流动并在到达马达加斯加后分叉,进入南、北印度洋。热收支分析表明ITF在北印度洋吸收0.41 PW热量,在南印度洋释放0.56 PW热量;这两个过程相互补偿,导致ITF对整个印度洋的净加热贡献并不显著,只有0.15 PW。进一步的检查ITF离开印度洋的出口（跨过34°S）,结果表明ITF主要随着位于西边界的奥古拉斯流和位于东边界的利文流离开印度洋。约89%的ITF水体沿着西边界离开印度洋,其余的11%主要沿着东边界离开印度洋;前者对整个印度洋的净加热贡献为0.10 PW,后者的净加热贡献为0.05 PW。     

Fifteen years progress of the TRITON array in the Western Pacific and Eastern Indian Oceans

The Triangle Trans‐Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) project by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology began with deployment in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in 1998 and has shifted to steady, long-term observations since 1999. After on-site inter-comparison with the Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System mooring system of the Tropical Atmosphere and Ocean (TAO) array by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the TRITON array became the international TAO/TRITON array in 2000 as a key component of the Global Ocean and Climate Observing Systems. The TAO/TRITON array took over from the TAO array, which was developed during the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere program (1985–1994), and replaced the western part of TAO with new additional real-time measurements of salinity and ocean currents. In 2001, two TRITON moorings were deployed in the eastern Indian Ocean for capturing the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole. From this initiative, the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) was designed, and the Indian Ocean mooring array (Research Moored Array for Africa–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction) was developed as a key component of IndOOS. In this paper, 15 years of progress in the TRITON project in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans is reviewed with regards to scientific outcomes, technological development, and collaborations with international and domestic partners. Future directions for sustainable observation in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are also discussed.     

Difference of planktonic ciliate communities of the tropical West Pacific, the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean

Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is limited.We report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three seas:the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.Planktonic ciliate abundance had"bimodal-peak","surface-peak"and"DCM(deep chlorophyll a maximum layer)-peak"vertical distribution patterns in the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean,respectively.The abundance proportion of tintinnid to total ciliate in the Bering Sea(42.6%)was higher than both the tropical West Pacific(7.8%)and the Arctic Ocean(2.0%).The abundance proportion of small aloricate ciliates(10–20μm size-fraction)in the tropical West Pacific was highest in these three seas.The Arctic Ocean had higher abundance proportion of tintinnids in larger LOD(lorica oral diameter)size-class.Proportion of redundant species increased from the Arctic Ocean to the tropical West Pacific.Our result provided useful data to further understand ecology roles of planktonic ciliates in different marine habitats.     

太平洋-印度洋暖池次表层水温与南海夏季风爆发

为探索太平洋—印度洋热带海域次表层水温对南海季风的影响,用Argo剖面浮标等实测资料,分析了太平洋—印度洋暖池次表层水温异常对南海夏季风爆发的影响。结果表明：冬季,太—印暖池次表层水温偏暖（冷）时,翌年南海夏季风爆发时间偏早（晚）是主要现象。太—印暖池次表层水温偏暖,可能引起Walker环流加强,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,中心位置偏北偏东,南海和西太平洋上空对流层下层有气旋性距平环流出现,有利于低空西到西南气流的加强,导致南海夏季风爆发偏早;太—印暖池次表层水温偏冷,可能引起Walker环流东移并减弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,中心位置偏南偏西,南海和西太平洋上空对流层下层有反旋性距平环流出现,不利于低空西到西南气流的加强,导致南海夏季风爆发偏晚。结论：冬季,太—印暖池次表层水温偏暖（冷）,翌年南海夏季风爆发时间偏早（晚）是主要现象。     

The circularly propagating pattern of the low-frequencyfluctuations of monthly MSL in the tropical PacificOcean and its correlation with El Nino

The long-term time series analysis of the SST (sea surface temperature) in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean and the monthly MSL (mean sea level) in the tropical Pacific Ocean is conducted. Their quasiperiodic and low-frequency oscillation features are revealed. The significant periods of low-frequency fluctuations for monthly MSL in the area of 20°N-20° S are between 43. 5 months and 50. 0 months, approximating closely to 47. 6 months which is the significant period of SST in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean. From the results of space-spectral analysis, the low-frequency fluctations of monthly MSL in the tropical Pacific Ocean appear to have a anticlockwise circularly-propagating pattern, which is, the Eastern Pacific Ocean (off-shore of Mexico) →the area of NEC (North Equatorial Current) →the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean→the area of NECC (North Equatorial Counter-Current)→the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean. The phases of the pattern correspond to those of El Nino cycle. On the basis     

风应力桥梁作用下热带太平洋和热带印度洋相互作用的数值试验

利用中等复杂程度全球热带大气和热带海洋模式的数值试验,模拟分析了热带太平洋和热带印度洋通过风应力桥梁的相互作用过程.利用NCEP再分析的1958～1998年SST强迫大气模式得到的风应力与NCEP再分析的同期热通量共同驱动海洋模式,作为控制试验;和控制试验平行,但强迫大气模式的SST在某一海盆取为多年气候平均值的试验作为敏感性试验.比较控制试验与敏感性试验模拟的SST变率,揭示了热带某海盆SST异常通过风应力桥梁作用对其他海盆SST的影响及其过程.数值试验结果表明:热带某海盆SST暖(冷)异常一般总是引起该海盆上空西部西(东)风异常和东部东(西)风异常;热带太平洋SST暖(冷)异常导致年际尺度上印度洋上空东(西)风异常和年代际尺度上热带印度洋风场辐散(合),该风应力导致热带印度洋年际SST暖(冷)异常以及年代际SST冷(暖)异常,但这种异常均较弱;热带印度洋SST暖(冷)异常导致热带太平洋上空东(西)风异常,该风应力异常在年际和年代际尺度上均导致热带太平洋SST冷(暖)异常,但年代际尺度上异常更明显.考虑到热带印度洋SSTA受热带太平洋SSTA影响大,并且热带太平洋SST暖(冷)异常主要通过表面热通量导致热带印度洋SST变暖(冷)的观测事实,文中揭示的热带印度洋SST暖(冷)异常通过风应力桥梁作用导致热带太平洋SST冷(暖)异常的结果表明,热带印度洋SSTA对于热带太平洋SSTA主要起着一种负反馈作用,并且这种负反馈作用在年代际尺度上更为明显.     

西风爆发、次表层暖水东移与厄尔尼诺现象

利用最近20 a的大气海洋资料,分析了厄尔尼诺事件与赤道太平洋西风异常以及赤道太平洋次表层海温之间的关系.结果表明,赤道西太平洋(5°S～5°N,120°～160°E)和赤道中东太平洋(5°S～5°N,160°E～160°W)西风异常都存在着与厄尔尼诺周期一致的年际变化,但前者还包含有显著的2～3个月季节内振荡.赤道西太平洋次表层冷暖水东移也呈现年和年际时间尺度的振荡周期.在厄尔尼诺发生前,赤道西太平洋次表层海水出现持续性增暖,赤道西太平洋西风异常频率加快,强度增强.随后赤道中太平洋(160°E～160°W)出现持续性(3个月以上)强西风异常(即西风爆发),并进一步向东扩展,同时次表层暖水沿着赤道波导东移到赤道东太平洋混合层,导致赤道东太平洋海表大面积异常增暖,形成一次厄尔尼诺现象.最后,模式模拟了1980～1984年赤道太平洋海温的变化,进一步证实了赤道纬向西风异常对暖水东移起着重要的作用.     

南大洋古环流研究方法综述

南大洋海洋环流系统由南极底层水AABW、南极绕极流ACC、南极表层水AASW、绕极深层水CDW组成,它们在全球气候调节中扮演重要角色。随着科考技术的进步,有关南大洋古环流研究越来越多,研究主要集中在温度、盐度、流向和影响作用等方面。研究侧重内容不同所采取的手段和方法也有差别,南大洋古环流研究方法包括古生物法、地球化学法、数值模拟、沉积法、实测资料等。本文就这些研究方法做一简单综述,以期强调南大洋在全球大洋历史中的作用。     

Development of the Operational Oceanographic System of Korea

Ocean Science Journal - The Korea Operational Oceanographic System (KOOS) was developed at the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) to produce real-time forecasting and...     

表层海水硅同位素的分布特征及其影响因素

本文分析了采集自太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的表层海水溶解硅酸盐的δ30Si值,结果表明,太平洋表层海水的δ30Si值为0.45‰～2.91‰,平均值为(1.52±0.59)‰;印度洋表层海水的δ30Si值为0.98‰～2.30‰,平均值为(1.52±0.36)‰;大西洋表层海水的δ30Si值为0.90‰～2.23‰,其平均...     

Projected future changes in the contribution of Indo-Pacific sea surface height variability to the Indonesian throughflow

The Indonesian throughflow (ITF) transports a significant amount of warm freshwater from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, making it critical to the global climate system. This study examines decadal ITF variations using ocean reanalysis data as well as climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). While the observed annual cycle of ITF transport is known to be correlated with the annual cycle of sea surface height (SSH) difference between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, ocean reanalysis data (1959–2015) show that the Pacific Ocean SSH variability controls more than 85% of ITF variation on decadal timescales. In contrast, the Indian Ocean SSH variability contributes less than 15%. While those observed contributions are mostly reproduced in the CMIP5 historical simulations, an analysis of future climate projections shows a 25–30% increase in the Indian Ocean SSH variability to decadal ITF variations and a corresponding decrease in the Pacific contribution. These projected changes in the Indian Ocean SSH variability are associated with a 23% increase in the amplitudes of negative zonal wind stress anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean, along with a 12º eastward shift in the center of action in these anomalies. This combined effect of the increased amplitude and eastward shift in the zonal wind stress increases the SSHA variance over the Indian Ocean, increasing its contribution to the ITF variation. The decadal ITF changes discussed in this study will be crucial in understanding the future global climate variability, strongly coupled to Indo-Pacific interactions.

     

太平洋波高分布及变化规律研究

使用 Topex/ Poseidon卫星高度计 1 992年 1 0月～ 1 998年 1 2月连续 75个月 ,2 30个重复周期的有效波高资料对南北太平洋的有效波高进行了统计 ,分析了太平洋有效波高的多年平均、多年各月平均和多年各季平均的空间分布特征和时间变化规律。结果表明 ,太平洋波高分布具有明显季节变化的规律 ,与太平洋的风速分布特征具有良好的对应关系     

近45 年南海-北印度洋波浪能资源评估

利用 ERA-40海表10 m 风场驱动第三代海浪数值模式(WAVEWATCH-,Ⅲ简称 WW3),得到南海–北印度洋1957年9月~2002年8月的海浪资料,计算该海域的波浪能,分析波浪能流密度的四季分布特征、不同能级出现的频率及波浪能流密度的稳定性,为海浪发电、海水淡化等选址提供依据.研究发现,南海–北印度洋海域蕴藏着较为丰富的波浪能:(1)南海–北印度洋大部分海域的年平均波浪能流密度在2 kW/m 以上,大值区位于南海、孟加拉湾、索马里附近海域.(2)南海–北印度洋海域波浪能流密度大于2 kW/m 和大于4 kW/m 出现的频率都较高.(3)南海–北印度洋的波浪能流密度具有较好的稳定性,春季、秋季、冬季的稳定性好于夏季,南海的稳定性好于北印度洋     

印度洋海表盐度预报的线性马尔可夫模型及其改进办法

海洋盐度在水循环、海洋环流、海洋生态系统、全球天气和气候变化等方面起着至关重要的作用。然而, 受观测的限制, 以往对海洋盐度的研究相对匮乏, 对其进行预报的工作更为少见。本文采用线性马尔可夫模型对印度洋海表面盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)开展初步的预报工作。根据混合层盐度收支方程, 选择海表面高度(sea surface height, SSH)、海表面温度 (sea surface temperature, SST)、SSS等物理量的异常值作为模型的组成部分, 对印度洋SSS开展预报工作。结果表明, 马尔可夫模型可提前9个月对印度洋SSS进行较好的预报。此外, 南太平洋海表面温度异常(sea surface temperature anomaly, SSTA), 海表面高度异常(sea surface height anomaly, SSHA)和印度洋偶极子(Indian Ocean dipole, IOD)系数等遥相关因素的加入可将线性马尔可夫预报对印度洋SSS的预报效果(相关系数)平均提高10%。利用改进的模型对印度洋SSS进行提前1~11个月的“实时”预测, 得出预报的SSS时空变化特征与观测场相吻合。综上所述, 改进的线性马尔可夫模型对印度洋SSS具有一定的预测能力, 未来可进一步完善。     

鲁海丰海洋牧场流场特征分析

根据海底有缆观测系统连续观测得到的3个半月的海水流矢量资料,利用功率谱分析、调和分析、旋转谱分析和相关分析等方法研究了鲁海丰海洋牧场海域海流的时间变化规律和空间结构特征。主要结论如下:在整个水体厚度上,西北向流占优,呈现出向岸流的特点,且由表及底,西向流减弱,北向流增强;潮流类型为正规半日潮,M2分潮流为主,各层主要分潮流均表现为以逆时针方向旋转为主的往复运动,总体上观测点的日周期波动只由全日潮流引起,不受当地惯性流影响。此外观测点处的流还表现出更高频的波动周期;鲁海丰海洋牧场的表层余流主要由海面风场驱动,同时也受到山东半岛沿岸流的影响。     

东南印度洋沿岸海温年代际振荡及经向传播探讨

用SODA资料分析了热带西南印度洋上升区温度距平与整个南印度洋温度距平的时滞相关, 发现热带西南印度洋上升区温度距平与65°S, 105°E附近200 m深度的温度距平存在滞后10 a的相关振荡, 同时探讨了其可能的机制为温跃层内的斜压内波驱动, 即65°S, 105°E附近200 m深度的温度距平沿着温跃层上层在东南印度洋沿岸从高纬度向低纬的传播, 传播时间大约为10 a左右, 这种信号在传播过程中表现得较弱, 而在起点和终点的两端振荡比较强。波动的传播相比振荡本身要显得弱。     

两种湍流模型在潮流能水轮机数值模拟中的适用性研究

在对特定湍流条件下的水平轴潮流能水轮机进行数值模拟时,不同的湍流模型对于计算结果具有一定的影响。为选择合适的湍流模型对所设计水轮机的三维流场进行描述,将采用常用的两方程模型(SSTk-ω与Realizable k-ε)进行数值模拟,得到不同工况下水轮机的性能参数以及水轮机后1.5D处流场的流速、湍流强度分布情况,并进行模型水槽试验,试验值与采用两种湍流模型进行数值模拟得到的仿真值对比表明:在低尖速比工况下,采用SSTk-ω进行数值模拟得到的仿真值比Realizable k-ε更接近试验值,在较高尖速比时,采用Realizable k-ε进行模拟得到的数值更接近试验值;采用两种湍流模型进行数值模拟得到的速度分布具有相似性,但对于湍流强度的预测,SSTk-ω更具有优势。考虑此水轮机的实际工况,选择SSTk-ω湍流模型进行描述更加合理。     

Dynamics of seasonal and interannual variability of the ocean bottom pressure in the Southern Ocean

Seasonal and interannual variability of ocean bottom pressure(OBP) in the Southern Ocean was investigated using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) data and a Pressure Coordinate Ocean Model(PCOM)based on mass conservation. By comparing OBP, steric sea level, and sea level, it is found that at high latitudes the OBP variability dominates the sea level variability at seasonal-to-decadal time scales. The diagnostic OBP based on barotropic vorticity equation has a good correlation with t...     

大沽河口底层海水溶解氧浓度分析

大沽河是胶州湾入海径流量最大的河流,对其入海口海水溶解氧含量进行分析可以衡量水质的好坏,为大沽河污染治理效果提供依据。本文基于2016年11月6日—2017年6月20日期间大沽河口底层海水温度和溶解氧浓度等数据,对其底层海水溶解氧浓度的时间变化特征及影响因素进行了分析,并对水质进行了评估。结果表明,观测期间大沽河口海水溶解氧浓度以季节变化为主,秋季至冬季升高,冬季至夏季降低,其中1月平均值最高,约为11.86mg/L,6月份最低,约为6.17mg/L。影响大沽河口海水溶解氧浓度变化的主要因素是海水温度,溶解氧浓度随着温度的季节性变化而变化。在大风天气的影响下,溶解氧浓度在秋季末至春季初期出现了过饱和的现象。大沽河口底层海水溶解氧浓度受到潮汐作用的影响存在半日周期和日周期的变化特征。在观测期间大沽河口不存在溶解氧浓度低于二类水质标准的现象。