舟山海域特定水道潮流能估算

对舟山海域高亭水道5个站位、灌门水道8个站位的连续26 h实测潮流资料进行分析。结果表明:高亭水道和灌门水道均为不规则半日潮,各站总的垂向平均流速在1 m/s以上。介绍了国际上常用的估算潮流能的方法:Farm方法和Flux方法,并用这2种方法分别对高亭水道和灌门水道潮流能进行估算。近似得到高亭水道可开发潮流能功率在4.67~5.31 MW之间,灌门水道可开发潮流能功率在7.92~9.37 MW之间。综合2水道可开发潮流能,换算成1 a的发电量,约占舟山市2005年用电总量的6%~7%。     

渤海海峡潮流能高分辨率数值估算

利用非结构化网格有限体积方法的海洋模式FVCOM建立了一个高分辨率的渤海潮汐潮流模型,通过与历史结果和实测资料的对比证明了模型的可靠性,然后描述了渤海海峡的潮波运动状况,以模型垂向平均流速为基础对渤海海峡的潮流能进行了估算。结果表明,渤海海峡的潮流以往复流为主;最大可能流速的最大值出现在老铁山西角,为3.3m/s;对于平均能流密度大于100W/m2的海区,老铁山角附近达515.9km2,比登州水道大一个量级,而登州水道比其余诸水道均大一个量级。     

舟山海域潮流能资源评估

利用MIKE 21Flow Model_FM HD模块搭建包括杭州湾在内的整个舟山海域水动力模型,利用实测资料验证模型,验证结果表明,模型计算值与实测值吻合较好。由此表明,所建模型能够正确反映舟山海域的潮流特征。然后计算2014年舟山海域的潮流场,统计出舟山海域的潮流能平均功率密度和空间分布特征。计算出10个特征断面上潮流能资源理论蕴藏量约为250万kW,对舟山海域潮流能开发利用具有一定的参考价值。     

东中国海潮波自适应数值模型及其数值模拟

首次为整个东中国海设计出一种自适应网格 ,利用自适应网格能同时兼顾网格的光滑性、正交性及疏密程度的特点 ,得到了物理平面上的网格分布。该网格既与边界适应 ,又在水深变化急剧的东海陆坡处得以加密 ,从而使坐标变换下的三维模式成功实现了跨越陆坡的计算。用该模式模拟了海域的潮汐变化。依据所得结果绘制出 M2 分潮的同潮图和潮流椭圆。模拟结果与现有的数值研究结果基本一致 ,表明此模式在该海域的适用性     

Kinetic Energy Variability in the North Indian Ocean Using a Numerical Model

The North Indian Ocean exhibits profound impact of variation in lower tropospheric winds. In the present study climatological monthly winds are used to force a nonlinear reduced gravity model of the North Indian Ocean to simulate climatological surface circulation and sea level anomaly for all 12 months of the year. The sea level anomalies agree reasonably well with satellite altimeter derived sea level anomalies. The model successfully simulates the varying eddy structure and current pattern of the North Indian Ocean. Finally, the kinetic energy variation in the North Indian Ocean with special reference to equatorial region and the boundaries is analyzed in detail.     

Kinetic Energy Variability in the North Indian Ocean Using a Numerical Model

The North Indian Ocean exhibits profound impact of variation in lower tropospheric winds. In the present study climatological monthly winds are used to force a nonlinear reduced gravity model of the North Indian Ocean to simulate climatological surface circulation and sea level anomaly for all 12 months of the year. The sea level anomalies agree reasonably well with satellite altimeter derived sea level anomalies. The model successfully simulates the varying eddy structure and current pattern of the North Indian Ocean. Finally, the kinetic energy variation in the North Indian Ocean with special reference to equatorial region and the boundaries is analyzed in detail.     

Numerical Study on Tidal Mixing in the Bohai Sea

The spatial and temporal variability of tidal mixing in Bohai Sea is studied using a numerical approach. In calculating tidal mixing, accurate barotropic tidal current is obtained via a harmonic analysis package utilizing the simulated current output from a high-resolution regional ocean model. And a “small-scale” roughness map is adopted to describe the detailed topographic features of Bohai Sea. It is shown that the tidal mixing estimated in Bohai Sea is much higher than the level of global background, and fluctuates considerably at some regions within a single day. In Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Bohai Strait, the mixing varies greatly, with the peak value of O (10^?2) m² s^?1. The order of magnitude of mixing in Laizhou Bay is about O (10^?5～10^?3) m² s^?1. Mixing with background level of O (10^?5) m² s^?1 only appears in central area. Result also shows that rough topography plays relatively a more important role than tidal current in enhancing diapycnal mixing in Bohai Sea. The distributions of tidal mixing in selected sections reveal that the vertical stratification in Bohai Sea is not obvious, generally renders a barotropic structure.     

山东省周边海域潮流能资源评估

采用基于三角形可变分辨率网格系统的三维海洋模型,模拟得到2012—2013年山东周边海域的潮汐潮流。对该海域潮流能进行模拟研究,结果表明:通过检验发现SELFE对山东周边海域的潮汐潮流具有较强的模拟能力。平均流速、最大流速、最大可能流速与能流密度分布一致,较大的区域都发生在渤海海峡和成山头海域,年平均能流密度分别达到600 W/m2和500 W/m2;选取了13个能流密度较大的重点断面,对山东省潮流能资源进行评估,山东省潮流能蕴藏量总量为1 202.9 MW,资源较为丰富。其中,渤海海峡诸水道潮流能蕴藏量为914.2MW,占山东省潮流能总资源储量的76%;成山角断面潮流能蕴藏量为190.3 MW,占山东省潮流能总资源储量的16%。综合以上计算结果及环境因素,文章推荐开发潮流能的海域为渤海海峡诸水道(尤其是北隍城北侧水道)和成山角海域。潮流能的开发利用对于解决能源短缺、改善全球生态环境和维持可持续发展具有重要意义,能够为我国维护海洋权益、迈向深蓝提供科学依据。     

成山头外潮流能初步估算

应用短期潮流调和分析方法,对成山头外一定点连续观测站的潮流数据进行分析,计算了O1,K1,M2,S2,M4,MS4 6个主要分潮潮流调和常数及椭圆要素,分析了成山头外海区潮流的变化特征,通过潮流预报计算了该海域的潮流功率密度。结果表明:基于调和分析的潮流预报流速与实测流速吻合良好;成山头外海域表层、中层、底层的潮流平均功率密度分别为327 W/m2,219 W/m2,115 W/m2,垂向平均的平均功率密度为225 W/m2,该海域的潮流能理论蕴藏量为1.77×107 W。     

北黄海淤泥质海岸地貌发育过程及滩涂资源的开发利用模式

分析了冰后期以来北黄海淤泥质海岸变迁及海岸地貌的形成和滩涂的自然分带。讨论了北黄海淤泥质海岸滩涂开发现状和存在的问题 ,提出了滩涂资源开发利用的模式。     

海洋潮流能资源估算方法研究进展

综述了近15 a来国内外海洋潮流能资源评估方法的研究进展,介绍了英国、美国和加拿大等发达国家的潮流能资源评估方案.重点比较和评述了现有的4种潮流能资源计算方法的特点、异同和优缺点,在此基础上,提出了我国近海海洋潮流能估算的思路.另外,还对国际上主要的潮流能开发装置进行了分类介绍.     

山东半岛近海潮汐及潮汐、潮流能的数值评估

山东半岛电力结构单一,但地理优势显著,因此发展海洋能产业对于半岛能源结构的优化及缓解能源供应不足具有十分重要的意义。本文运用数值模拟手段模拟了渤、黄海的潮流场并进行了模拟结果的验证;对潮汐和潮流进行调和分析并计算了平均潮差、大潮平均最大流速;使用近似公式计算了山东半岛近海海域的潮汐能和潮流能并进行了分级。研究表明,理论装机容量为800kW/km2的区域分布在山东半岛靖海湾以南,属于中等势能区;理论最大功率密度为0.50kW/m2的区域分布在山东半岛数个岬角、海湾处,属于中等动能区。本文通过对山东半岛海洋能的初步评估,为未来海洋能的开发提供理论支持。     

南海潮汐数值预报及其在海道测量中的应用

以协振潮波二维铅直平均运动方程为南海海域潮波运动的物理模式，用ADI方法进行差分求解，对该海域进行潮汐数值预报，并应用于海道测量。经实测数据对比，此方法不但可行，而且精度远高于一次或三次24h潮汐预报的方法。     

基于全球潮汐模型的东海海域潮汐性质空间分布

利用全球潮汐模型FES 2014(Finite Element Solution 2014)空间分辨率为(1/16)°×(1/16)°的网格点处13个分潮调和常数,借助基于最小二乘法调和分析方法和潮汐特征值的定义算法,定量分析东海海域(117°～131°E,23°～33°N)的潮汐类型、深度基准值和不同潮差类型.结果表...     

渤黄东海潮能通量与潮能耗散

利用同化高度计资料和沿岸验潮站资料对潮汐数值模式进行同化,根据同化后的数值模式结果,对渤黄东海中的潮能通量和潮能耗散进行了研究.M2分潮从太平洋进入渤黄东海的潮能为122.499GW,占4个主要分潮进入总量的79%.黄海是半日分潮潮能耗散的主要海区.全日分潮则主要耗散在东海.全日分潮在遇到陆坡的阻挡以后有一部分潮能沿着冲绳海槽向西南传播,并有一部分潮能反射回太平洋,其中O1分潮通过C3断面反射回太平洋的潮能,约占其传入东海潮能的44%.     

湛江近海M2分潮的数值模拟

利用潮汐模型,在高分辨率的自适应曲线网格下,采用潮汐调和常数作为控制模拟精度的方法,模拟了洪江附近海域M2分潮的运动特征。模拟所得的潮汐调和常数同实测值相比,误差较小。根据模拟结果绘制的M2分潮的同潮图,揭示了湛江附近海域M2分潮振幅和迟角的分布特征以及M2分潮的传播和发展规律。模拟得到的M2分潮分别在涨憩、落憩、涨急和落急几个典型时刻的流场,揭示了湛江附近海域M2分潮潮流的分布特征及其运动规律。     

Numerical Simulation of Tidal Current in a Bay

—Based on the multilevel model,numerical calculations of tidal current affected by the M_2 tidein the Tokyo Bay have been carried out.The results of calculation are compared with the data observed inthe Tokyo Bay and the result calculated by an approximate formula as the Tokyo Bay is regarded as a rec-tangular bay,and good agreement is found.It is proved that the mathematical model and the calculationmethod are correct and useable.     

Critical Latitude in Tidal Dynamics Using the Kara Sea as an Example

It is well known that, within the linear nonviscous equations of tidal dynamics, the amplitudes of oscillations of the barotropic and baroclinic tidal velocity components unlimitedly increase when approaching the critical latitude. It is also known that the linear equations of tidal dynamics with a constant and specified vertical eddy viscosity indicate the occurrence of significant tidal velocity shears in the near-bottom layer, which are responsible for increasing the baroclinic tidal energy dissipation, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the thickness of the bottom boundary layer. The first circumstance—the growth of the amplitudes of oscillations of the barotropic and baroclinic tidal velocity components—is due to the elimination in the original equations of small terms, which are small everywhere except for the critical latitude zone. The second circumstance—the occurrence of significant tidal velocity shears—is due to the fact that internal tidal waves, which induce the dissipation of the baroclinic tidal energy and the diapycnal diffusion, are either not taken into account or described inadequately. It is suggested that diapycnal diffusion can lead to the degeneration (complete or partial) of tidal velocity shears, with all the ensuing consequences. The aforesaid is confirmed by simulation results obtained using the QUODDY-4 high-resolution three-dimensional finite-element hydrostatic model along the 66.25° E section, which passes in the Kara Sea across the critical latitude.     

Numerical Simulation of Flow Field in Tidal Estuary Using Body-Fitted Coordinate System

- On the basis of the physical mechanism, a body-fitted coordinate system is developed. By using this system the boundaries in simulation and in real are fitted well, and simulation with great accuracy is achieved. A computation example indicates that compared to traditional two-dimensional computation methods, the body-fitted simulation has an advantange of better coincidence with the real and can be adopted in simulating flow fields in tidal estuaries.