几种毛管式粘度计泥浆体流变试验的比测

清华大学水利系等7个单位分别以自制的大尺度毛管式粘度计,对两种统一采集的土样进行了泥浆体流变试验。各组试验数据经统一处理后,并进行对比。结果表明:试样流变特性与宾汉模式相近,各单位试验所得的流变参数——宾汉切力和刚度系数的离差分别为±20—40％和±15—25％;两者的离差超出仪器可达到的测试精度甚大。出现这种情况的原因可能在于:泥浆体流变特性复杂,又具触变性。因此有必要制定一套试验操作规定。     

XRF和 ICP-MS测定风成沉积铜镍锌等 9种重金属元素的对比分析

风成沉积的重金属元素对生态环境变化具有指示意义,因此快速、准确地测定其含量显得特别重要。目前,主要通过 XRF(X射线荧光光谱)和 ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子体质谱)方法测定重金属元素的含量。文章对四个风成沉积剖面(黄土高原西峰剖面,青藏高原东北部种羊场剖面、泉吉河剖面、依毛剖面) 247件样品进行了 XRF和 ICP-MS分析,并对其中 9种重金属元素的含量进行了初步对比分析。结果表明: 1.Cu、Ni、Zn的 XRF测试结果和 ICP-MS测试结果高度一致(Pearson相关系数 r大于 0.84)。2.Co、Pb的 XRF测试结果和 ICP-MS测试结果在大多数剖面中具有较好的一致性,但在个别剖面中的一致性较差。 3.在种羊场和泉吉河剖面中, Th的 XRF测试结果比 ICP-MS的测试结果略低。两种方法测得的 As的含量在四个剖面中随深度的变化趋势高度一致; As的 XRF测试结果明显比 ICP-MS的测试结果低,差值可达 11.5μg/g(相对于 XRF法测定值的变化幅度达 214%)。 4.Cr和 T的 XRF测试结果高于 ICP-MS的测试结果,两种方法测得的 Cr含量的差值达 40μg/g。尽管 ICP-MS法具有比 XRF法更高的精度,但对于 Cu、Ni、Zn,采用高效廉价的 XRF法能得到与 ICP-MS法相媲美的测试结果。 5.西峰、种羊场剖面采用 XRF法测得的 Cu、Ni、Zn、As含量与磁化率呈现相似的变化,表明这些元素亦可指示风成沉积记录的气候环境变化。     

火星和地球雅丹形态学类比分析——以埃律西昂平原和柴达木盆地为例

作为一种风蚀地貌,雅丹地貌是对环境长期适应的一种表现,其形态特征可以反映所受内外营力的作用。对火星埃律西昂平原和地球柴达木盆地雅丹体的形态参数进行对比分析。结果显示：（1）埃律西昂平原雅丹体的长宽比（3.49）与柴达木盆地雅丹体的长宽比（3.57）较为接近,同时也与理想状态下的长宽比（4）接近,它们都具有流线型的形态,且处于雅丹体发育的成熟期。（2）柴达木盆地雅丹体是鲸背状,埃律西昂平原雅丹体是椭圆状,原因是柴达木盆地雅丹体常年受盛行风的影响,埃律西昂平原雅丹体受两种反向风的影响。柴达木盆地雅丹体表面崩裂的痕迹不明显,埃律西昂平原雅丹体表面崩裂的痕迹比较明显,原因是形成雅丹体的物质基础和温差环境不同：柴达木盆地雅丹体的物质基础是湖相沉积物,雅丹体表面有减弱风化的盐壳;埃律西昂平原雅丹体的物质基础是火山熔岩流,而且火星的昼夜温差大于地球。     

内蒙古察右后旗宿黑蟆东矿区饰面石材用白云石大理岩矿地质特征的探讨

宿黑蟆东矿区通过详查工作共圈定出饰面石材用白云石大理岩矿体2条,并对其矿体特征做出了详细分析与评价。通过钻探工程,确定了矿体的产状与深部赋存状态;通过实验室测试,对矿石的物理性能及光泽度进行了测试;通过试采坑内荒料块度的统计计算,确定了矿体的荒料率;通过对矿石的各项指标分析与测试,基本确定了饰面石材用白云石大理岩矿的规模。     

非点源污染研究中土壤溶解性无机氮的提取方法选择

用2M KCl溶液(5:1)、饱和CaSO4溶液(5:1)、0.01M CaCl₂溶液(20:1,100:1) 和去离子水(20:1,100:1)4种提取液、6种提取方式,采用Auto-analyzerⅢColorimeter (Bran Luebbe),水杨酸-次氯酸盐法和Griess-Ilosvay法测定并对比了北京地区4种天然土样的溶解性氨氮和硝态氮的含量。研究结果表明:溶解性硝态氮的测定结果不受提取液和水土比(小于100:1)的影响,而溶解性氨氮测定结果受影响较大。在非点源污染研究中,对于土壤中可向水体迁移的溶解性无机氮含量的测定,应根据来水水源特征和研究目的选择适宜的浸提剂和水土比。     

基于TIN的体布尔算法及其地质应用

提出一种基于TIN的体布尔操作算法,即采用快速碰撞检测方法、改进的三角形求交算法和三角形包含测试算法,能解决复杂地质体的交、并、差等布尔操作。该方法不仅可以有效处理具有侵入、交错等复杂空间关系的地质体建模问题,还适用于基于地质模型的工程分析应用,如开挖模拟等,并在北京市某岩土工程信息系统建设项目中得到了检验。     

基于GPU加速的高分辨率实体体素化研究

体素化是面图形学通向体图形学的桥梁,具有广泛且重要的应用。介绍体素化方面的研究进展,分析现有体素化方法在处理高分辨率实体体素化时的不足。提出以分块为基础的高分辨率实体体素化算法:在分块内部,采用基于图形处理器(Graphics Processing Unit,GPU)的切面光栅法对分块表面体素化过程进行加速,采用射线求交方式生成种子并进行块内填充;在分块之间,设计了3方向的种子扩散面及跨块扩散机制,避免因分块而导致的大量几何求交运算,提高了效率。针对高分辨率实体体素化结果数据量大的问题,采用低分辨率表面体素化结果进行数据压缩和索引,节省了数据存储空间。测试结果表明,该文提出的算法不仅能够进行高分辨率实体体素化,而且在GIS、地学建模和CAD等体图形学相关的领域具有重要的应用价值。     

低固相泡沫泥浆在坍塌渗漏地层中的应用

本文通过钻机在钻进过程中钻孔都有大量的坍塌漏失问题若用水泥堵护则需要灌注的孔段太多,劳动强度大,又浪费材料,影响生产,为此,我们配制了一种低固相(指与粘土加量20％的泥浆相比较的低固相)泡沫泥浆,使其既能起到护壁作用,又能通过降低泥浆比重,减少泥浆柱的压力,造成新的压力平衡来恢复低固相泡沫泥浆的循环.     

泥炭样品当中α-纤维素提取的实验方法探讨

目前,泥炭α-纤维素同位素研究已广泛应用于古气候、古环境重建,因而泥炭α-纤维素的提取也就显得尤为重要,但国内外泥炭α-纤维素的提取方法存在差异,并未形成比较统一的α-纤维素提取流程,在一定程度上限制了各实验室之间泥炭α-纤维素同位素数据的对比分析。在前人树轮、湖泊和泥炭α-纤维素提取流程的基础之上进行改善,经过反复的条件实验,最终建立了适合泥炭岩芯样品的α-纤维素提取方法。对泥炭α-纤维素提取流程的改进主要表现在4个方面:(1)样品处理前增加了清洗步骤,并设计了简单的清洗装置,可以有效清除粘土和矿物等杂质。(2)α-纤维素提取自始至终是在10 ml的Teflon离心管中进行,避免了在实验过程中多次转移样品而造成样品的损失,同时使用离心机分离缩短了样品的制备时间,并实现了α-纤维素的批量化提取。(3)NaClO2的漂白和不同浓度的NaOH溶液的碱洗取代有机溶剂的萃取。(4)α-纤维素提取流程中增加了样品的均一化处理,保证了测试样品具有较好的代表性。红外光谱分析结果证明提取的纤维素是比较纯的α-纤维素,对40个泥炭岩芯样品α-纤维素碳同位素的相对误差分析和线性回归分析,进一步强调在α-纤维素提取流程中样品均一化处理的必要性。     

层状正极材料Li[Co_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)]O_2的合成及电化学性能表征

以Co(NO3)2.6H2O、Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O和Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O为原料,在氩气保护下用共沉淀法制备了分散均匀的前驱体[Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3]C2O4.xH2O,用TG/DSC对前驱体的热分解做了表征。前驱体与碳酸锂在乙醇-水的混合体系中均匀分散,50℃下真空干燥后于500℃下预烧,将得到的混合物压片,然后在空气中于700~1 000℃下煅烧12~24 h得到三元正极材料。将得到的样品进行XRD、电池充放电循环、循环伏安等表征和测试。结果表明,700~1 000℃合成的样品有好的晶型(六方晶系,α-NaFeO2),特别是900℃下合成的正极材料有较好的晶型、高的首次充放电容量,并具有良好的电化学性能。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,