胜利油田惠民凹陷辉绿岩中黑云母矿物化学

黑云母是胜利油田惠民凹陷辉绿岩中的次要矿物,以斑晶、基质和次生云母三种产状产出,其中斑晶云母绝大部分已被绢云母、碳酸盐、石英和磁铁矿等替代.本文分析了基质和次生云母的化学成分,发现两者的成分具有明显差别,在云母分类命名图上,前者投于富镁黑云母和镁铁黑云母之间,后者落在富铁黑云母区域.基质云母化学成分判别本区辉绿岩主要属碱性系列、部分为钙碱性系列,同时指示成岩过程中存在较明显的地壳物质混染作用和结晶分异作用.     

碳酸岩岩浆演化的指示性矿物—环带金云母——以山东西部雪野碳酸岩为例

山东西部莱芜－淄博地区的中生代雪野碳酸岩中发育有大量罕见的反环带云母，云母的电子探针分析表明，云母斑晶的核心为黑云母，过渡带和边缘是金云母，基质中云母为金云母，核心黑云母与过渡带的金云母界限清晰，成分突变以及核心黑云母的溶蚀结构表明，核心黑云母和过渡带与边缘带金云母不是同一岩浆体系结晶的产物，核心黑云母可能是碳酸岩岩浆捕获的外来黑云母，过渡带与边缘带金云母同基质中金云母具有相似的化学成分，从过渡带到边缘带，金云母的Mg(Mg Fe)逐渐降低，反映了碳酸岩岩浆的不断结晶演化过程，TiO2的不断降低，一方面是由于岩浆的分异结晶，另一方面则是岩浆上升期间去气作用导致岩浆内CO2／H2O值降低所致。云母斑晶从过渡带向边缘带Al2O3含量逐渐减少，表明碳酸岩浆自过渡带云母结晶后没有富Al的圈岩物质加入。     

云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩中云母的矿物化学

云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩中呈斑晶和基质产出的云母以金云母为主，少量富镁黑云母，环带结构发育。矿物化学表明本区云母的寄主岩石属碱性岩系列，岩石类型为钙碱性煌斑岩；同时提供了煌斑岩源于交代富集地幔和受地壳物质混染程度低等成因信息。云母多种多样的环带结构暗示其寄主的煌斑岩具复杂的岩浆结晶演化过程。     

蒙阴金伯利岩中金云母的微组构特征及对岩浆演化的暗示北大核心CSCD

为探讨山东蒙阴金伯利岩的成因及其岩浆演化过程,采用SEM、EPMA和LA-ICP-MS对该区金伯利岩中金云母的微组构进行了分析研究。结果表明,该区岩浆成因金云母主要呈斑晶、显微斑晶和基质云母产出。根据主量元素(Al、Fe和Mg#)特征将金云母分为原生金伯利岩金云母组、金云母-钡镁脆云母组、金云母-四配位铁金云母组和金云母-黑云母共生组。早期金云母结晶后,在岩浆上升过程中受源条件或矿物相在熔体中再吸收的影响,向Ⅱ型基质云母、四配位铁金云母、钡镁脆云母演化。晚期通过岩浆改造或与围岩的交代变质作用形成金云母-黑云母巨晶共生组。综上认为,蒙阴金伯利岩岩浆成分受到了多种改造,其演化过程是相当复杂的。     

蒙阴金伯利岩中金云母的微组构特征及对岩浆演化的暗示

为探讨山东蒙阴金伯利岩的成因及其岩浆演化过程,采用SEM、EPMA和LA-ICP-MS对该区金伯利岩中金云母的微组构进行了分析研究。结果表明,该区岩浆成因金云母主要呈斑晶、显微斑晶和基质云母产出。根据主量元素(Al、Fe和Mg~#)特征将金云母分为原生金伯利岩金云母组、金云母-钡镁脆云母组、金云母-四配位铁金云母组和金云母-黑云母共生组。早期金云母结晶后,在岩浆上升过程中受源条件或矿物相在熔体中再吸收的影响,向II型基质云母、四配位铁金云母、钡镁脆云母演化。晚期通过岩浆改造或与围岩的交代变质作用形成金云母-黑云母巨晶共生组。综上认为,蒙阴金伯利岩岩浆成分受到了多种改造,其演化过程是相当复杂的。     

Fe-Li云母化学成分的解释和分类

用置换矢量概念解释了115个天然 Fe-Li 云母化学成分的变化。Fe-Li 云母是三八面体 Li-Fe-Al 云母,其基本置换是四锂云母置换。由于 Al-Li 白云母置换和白云母置换的影响,其化学组成变化的基本趋势呈明显的非线性,因而 Fe-Li 云母不是真正的二元系。作为 Fe-Li 云母,富铁黑云母和铁叶云母都是最富铁的成员,因而建议称 Fe-Li 云母为黑云母-锂云母系列。根据化学成分,晶胞参数和折光率的异常变化还提出了该系列自然分类的方案。     

大兴安岭中南段燕山期三类不同成矿花岗岩中黑云母的化学成分特征及其成岩成矿意义

大兴安岭中南段燕山期三类不同成矿花岗岩中黑云母主要为富铁黑云母和铁黑云母，属富铁黑云母—铁叶云母系列。黑云母主要化学成分表明本区花岗岩碱度属正常碱度—过碱性岩石系列；本区燕山期花岗岩为壳幔混源成因，其岩石系列属于长江深源系列和南岭浅源系列之间的过渡类型。燕山期三个不同期次不同成矿系列的花岗岩中黑云母的化学成分明显不同。燕山早期早阶段与铜成矿有关的花岗岩黑云母相对以富镁贫铁为特征，燕山晚期早阶段与锡多金属矿化有关的花岗岩其黑云母成分相对以富铁贫镁为特征，燕山早期晚阶段与铅锌银矿化有关的花岗岩黑云母成分处于两者之间，黑云母的化学成分是判别本区三类不同成矿岩体的有效标志。     

藏东及邻区钾玄岩系岩石云母特征及其岩石学意义

青藏高原东部及邻区新生代钾玄岩系列岩石包括钾质碱性深成岩、火山岩、煌斑岩和偏酸性的斑岩。云母是钾玄岩系列岩石中的主要暗色矿物，分布亦较广泛。我们用单矿物化学分析方法测定本区钾玄武岩系四种岩石中云母和化学成分，其结果MF＝1．30－1．99，应为金云母－富镁黑云母，属于富碱富镁高铝贫铁类型的云母；云母的红外光谱，在450cm^-1和1000cm^-1附近都有很强的吸收谱带，显示了四种岩石中的云母具有类似的红外光谱特征；X光衍射测定，本区云母的d(060)为15．32nm-15.41nm，它们的晶胞参数变化不大，均为三八面体1M型云母。以上特征表明，本区钾玄岩系四种岩石中云母均形成于高碱度环境，它们与钙碱性系列岩石中云母形成的环境迥然不同。从四种岩石的云母具有相似的化学成分、红外光谱和晶胞参数，说明它们的寄生岩石具有钾岩的特征，其物源来自交代地幔。     

大同煤田火成岩岩石学特征研究

以大同煤田中塔山井田、马道头井田和小峪井田的新鲜火成岩样品为研究对象,结合区域地质背景和前人研究成果,借助显微岩相学方法,分析了火成岩产出的构造条件、岩相学特征和岩石成因。结果表明,研究区的火成岩类型主要包括云煌岩、橄榄辉绿岩、玄武岩、气孔玄武岩、碳酸盐化气孔玄武岩等;以云煌岩为代表的煌斑岩类产于印支期,其位置与断裂密切相关,多以岩床形式侵入石炭-二叠纪煤系地层,对煤层具有明显的破坏作用;辉绿岩和玄武岩产于燕山期,多以岩墙形式产出,对煤层的影响相对较小;各岩石中碱性长石、橄榄石和黑云母矿物斑晶大多发生程度不等的碳酸盐化蚀变,其中以黑云母斑晶的蚀变最为明显。最后,结合不同井田煌斑岩分布情况的差异性,总结了煌斑岩侵入体对煤层、煤质及煤层瓦斯等3方面的影响。     

武功山成矿带花岗岩的分类、形成、演化与成矿

本文对武功山成矿带中的22个花岗岩体的化学成分进行了分析,并编制了与其相应的朱为方氏Q-A-P投影图,从而得知:该带花岗岩主要是闪长花岗岩、二长花岗岩,碱性长石花岗岩,最广泛的是铝过饱和系列白云母-黑云母-长石、石英矿物组合(简称白云母-黑云母组合),长石牌号低,An的百分数为0-15％。由早到晚,岩石从黑云母闪长花岗岩→含黑云母、白云母二长花岗岩→二云母二长花岗岩→二云母碱性长石花岗岩→白云母碱性长石花岗岩。花岗岩是花岗岩化的产物。成矿作用与花岗岩化作用两者具相同的地质环境,矿床与花岗岩两者的形成作用也相似。     

Chemical Features of White Micas from the Piemonte Calc-schists, Western Alps and Implications for K–Ar Ages of Metamorphism

Anomalously large chemical ranges in muscovite-paragonite and muscovite-celadonite systems are observed in white micas from the Piemonte calcschists in the Chisone valley area, internal western Alps. The petrographical and chemical observations on white mica strongly suggest that most mica crystals with high Na/K ratios in the chlorite zone are of detrital origin, and were derived from the pre-Alpine high-temperature metamorphic sequence such the Caledonian and/or Variscan. Submicroscopic muscovite (Ms) - paragonite (Pg) composite aggregates occur in the chlorite zone and their EPMA analyses give an apparent chemical composition range from Ms_0.6Pg_0.4 to Ms_0.2Pg_0.8. In the rutile zone, the paragonite content of the white micas is less than 20%, suggesting that the white micas have been homogenized during the Alpine metamorphism even if detrital white micas existed.Metamorphic mica is also very heterogeneous. The total range in Si content becomes wider with increasing of metamorphic grade: 3.22–3.39 pfu for the chlorite zone, 3.07–3.45 pfu for the chloritoid zone and 3.06–3.59 pfu for the rutile zone. This clearly indicates that the micas have experienced significant retrogressive chemical reactions during cooling and exhumations of the host schists.The detrital white mica in the chlorite zone has not reset well in its K-Ar system during the Alpine subduction-related metamorphism. The wide range of the white mica K-Ar ages from 115 to 41 Ma must be due to a mixture of various amounts of detrital white mica in the separates. This feature is also observed in the chloritoid zone though the age variation is not so large as that in the chlorite zone. In contrast, the mica in the rutile zone, which was higher than 450°C, has been reset completely during Alpine HP metamorphism.     

云母的命名

定义云母为层状硅酸盐。其结构单元由两个相向排列的四面体片（Ｔｓ）和夹于其间的一个八面体片（Ｏｓ）组成。这些片构成一个单元层,层与层之间被非水化层间阳离子（Ｉ）分开,其顺序是：非水化阳离子层、四面体片、八面体片、四面体片、非水化阳离子层、四面体片、八面...     

云母的命名

根据容许的化学成分范围，给出了纯云母类（true micas)，脆云母类（brittle micas)和层间阳离子亏损的云母类（interlayer-cation-deficient micas)的端元矿物和矿物种，概括介绍了利用现有的各种化学分析数据计算云母晶体化学式的方法，以及描述不常见化学元素代换或多型堆积的一系列修饰词和后缀，列出了云母的同义词和变种、定名有误的物质，以及过去使用或误用的云母名称。     

On micas from magmatic and metamorphic rocks

Micas from magmatic and metamorphic rocks differ from one another in chemical composition and in trace element content. The chemical composition of micas is discussed in relation to their occurrence, paragenesis and sequence of crystallization. On the basis of previous studies of the relationship between the physical properties and the chemical composition of 34 chemically analysed micas, reliable physical methods have been established which permit identification of different mica varieties in the same rock. Structural formulae and trace element content of micas from basic and granitic rocks, as well as from skarns, schists, ortho- and paragneisses are discussed. The relationship between the components of the tetrahedral and octahedral layers and of the interlayer are illustrated as ratios. Poorly differentiated, hybrid and metasomatic rocks often contain more than one variety of mica. Some prophyritic basalts and lamprophyres contain an early phlogopite which is paragenetically related to pyroxene phenocrysts and late biotite which occurs in the groundmass and in the fractures as a result of the crystallization of residual magma. The biotitemuscovite assemblage was observed in granodiorites, quartz-monzonites, schists and gneisses. In the albite-K-feldspar granites, muscovite predominates and the biotite is usually altered. The chemical composition of micas from metamorphic rocks depends on the grade of metamorphism and on the nature of associated minerals. The biotite from paragneisses contains considerable quantities of octahedral alumina. Pre-metamorphic micas show variable deficiencies of the (OH, F) group. The micas are useful minerals in determining the degree of differentiation and subsequent alteration of igneous rocks. The present study was carried out on the basis of 34 recent complete chemical analyses andca 100 X-ray fluorescence analyses. Dedicated to Professor Dr.Carl W. Correns on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

Mg-Fe云母化学成分的解释和分类(Ⅱ)——Mg-Fe云母的自然分类

给出云母化学成分比值FM=6(Fe⁺²+Mn)/(Fe²⁺+Mn+Mg),用以表示Mg-Fe云母成分变化的基本趋势。根据291个云母的化学成分相对于FM值的异常变化,提出了天然Mg-Fe云母自然分类的新方案:把FM≌1.20(1.05-1.35)、4.80作为区分金云母、黑云母和铁叶云母的界线;FM>0.60的金云母称为铁金云母;以FM=2.70、3.60把黑云母再细分为富镁黑云母、镁铁黑云母和富铁黑云母。Mg-Fe云母自然分类的本质是各成员云母之间白云母置换方式和限度的潜在差异在不同的自然结晶条件下的反映。     

Structural formulae of oxidized and hydroxyl-deficient micas and decomposition of the hydroxyl group

Studies of the structural formulae of Canadian micas indicate that the anionic framework of most natural micas differs from that of ideal mica in the quantity and/or charge of the anions per unit cell. Seven chemically analysed micas having variable chemical properties were chosen for heating experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. Ferric and ferrous iron, water and fluorine were determined after heating. The structural formulae of the oxidized and altered micas were calculated on the basis of 44+z valiencies whre z is a charge difference between the original and altered mica, and depends mainly on the degree of oxidation of iron.By comparing the structural formulae and anionic compositions of dehydrated and altered micas with those of ideal mica, it is possible to study the process of decomposition of the hydroxyl group during oxidation and dehydration. The decomposition of the hydroxyl group takes place either as a result of the oxidation of iron or by loss of water (and/or fluorine). The process of decomposition thus depends on the quantity of ferrous iron in the mica, on the composition of the hydroxyl group, and on the available atmospheric oxygen, or environmental conditions. The iron-poor micas, phlogopite, muscovite and lepidolite, lose hydroxyl mainly as water, without changing the charge of the layers, whereas biotite may also oxidize, resulting in a change of charge balance. Where the hydroxyl group is composed predominantly of fluorine the biotite either remains in a semi-oxidized state, or oxidizes at the expense of atmospheric oxygen or water. Micas containing partly-defincient anionic frameworks are susceptile to adsorption of water and argon from the atmosphere. The stability of mica during physical-chemical changes of the environmental conditions depends not only on its cationic content but also on the composition of its anionic network and layer charges.     

云母分子式计算方案的选择

本文借助主成分分析证明了花岗岩类中黑云母的Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)和(OH+F)主要的数量关系不表现为氧羟铁云母置换,还讨论了水不足和水过剩对云母分子式计算结果的影响,进而提出了当处理一批未受明显脱羟基氧化的云母,尤其是当其中包括明显水过剩云母时,宜优先采用O=22计算分子式方案等建议。     

Compositions of micas in peraluminous granitoids of the eastern Arabian shield

Compositions and pleochroism of micas in fourteen peraluminous alkali-feldspar granites in the eastern part of the Late Proterozoic Arabian Shield are unlike those of micas (principally biotite) in most calc-alkaline granitoid rocks. Compositions of these micas are distinguished by elevated abundances of Li₂O, F, and numerous cations and by low MgO abundances. These micas, constituents of highly evolved rare-metal enriched granitoids, represent an iron-lithium substitution series that ranges from lithium-poor siderophyllite to lithium-rich ferroan lepidolite. The eastern Arabian Shield also hosts six epizonal granitoids that contain colorless micas. Compositions of these micas, mostly muscovite, and their host granitoids are distinct from those of the iron-lithium micas and their host granitoids. Compositions of the analyzed micas have a number of petrogenetic implications. The twenty granitoids containing these micas form three compositional groups that reflect genesis in particular tectonic regimes; mica compositions define the same three groups. The presence of magmatic muscovite in six of these shallowly crystallized granitoids conflicts with experimental data indicating muscovite stability at pressures greater than 3 kbar. Muscovite in the Arabian granitoids probably results from its non-ideal composition; the presence of muscovite cannot be used as a pressure indicator. Finally, mineral/matrix partition coefficients are significantly greater than 1.0 for a number of cations, the rare-earth elements in particular, in many of the analyzed iron-lithium micas. Involvement of these types of micas in partial melting or fractionation processes can have a major influence on silicate liquid compositions.     

Synthetic high-pressure micas compositionally intermediate between the dioctahedral and trioctahedral mica series

Intermediate-composition micas with octahedral occupancy 2.5 have been crystallized experimentally from natural phengite, 50% phengite+50% biotite, and synthetic basalt compositions in the pressure range 20–35 kb and temperatures of 800–1,000° C. Their compositions suggest a complete range of micas with octahedral occupancy between 3.0 and 2.5, but a very restricted range between 2.0 and 2.5. These 2.5-octahedral micas lie close to the new mica series proposed by Seifert and Schreyer (1965, 1971), with one end-member composition of K Mg_2.5 (Si₄O₁₀) (OH₂) which is extended by the present results into alumina-bearing members of the series (e. g. K Mg_1.5 Al_1.0 (Si₃Al_1.0O₁₀) (OH)₂). However, the possibility of interlayering of dioctahedral and trioctahedral micas to give an apparently intermediate composition cannot be ruled out. X-ray powder diffraction data on the critical 060 reflection for the phengite mix suggest a transitional change from a single phengite field, through a 2-phase phengite — 2.5-octahedral mica field to a single phase 2.5-octahedral mica field.Natural micas of similar composition have not so far been identified, due probably to the unlikelihood of obtaining a mineralogical record of an appropriate composition at the restricted pressure and temperature conditions apparently needed to stabilize the 2.5-octahedral mica phase. Nevertheless, such a phase may have an important role in mineral assemblages and melting reactions in the deep continental crust, subducted oceanic crust and in the upper mantle; evidence of its existence may be removed by later, lower-pressure reactions.