华东地区Ms≥5.0地震持续平静的意义

对华东地区Ms≥5地震活动时间特征研究可知,华东地区的地震活动为群集（丛集）型地震活动。应用灰色系统理论GM（1,1）模型对这种变化进行了拟合和预测,认为目前该区地震处于活动,将持续20多年;又以Ms≥5地震平静时间超过3年为异常背景,提出了该区Ms≥5．5地震发生前的定量预测指标,认为华东地区Ms≥5地震持续平静,对该区5级以上地震的发生时间具有明显的中短期预测意义。     

云南地区7级地震前中强震活动的空间平静图象

本研究了云南地区１５００年以来Ｍ≥７级地震前３０年内震中周围１５０ｋｍ范围内５－６级地震的空间分布图象，震前平静是一个共同的特点，并大致可以分为三种类型：平静型－７级强震在平静７－１８年后突然发生；平静活跃型－在平静多年后，首先发生早期信号震，再发生７级强震；活跃型－平静多年后中强震持续活动十几年，接着发生强震。     

地震的活动期和平静期

20 0 1年 2月 1 3日 ,日本《地震杂志》编辑部召开研讨会 ,题目是“地震的活动期和平静期”。参加研讨会的人员有 :地震预报联络会会长、(财 )地震预报综合研究振兴会理事茂木清夫 ,京都大学研究生院理学研究科教授尾池和夫 ,文部科学省防灾科学技术研究所地震调查研究中心主任田义光 ,富士常叶大学环境防灾学部长、(财 )静县防灾情报研究所所长井野盛夫。以下是各位专家发言的摘录 :茂木在研讨会上说 :“我认为地震活动确实存在活动期和平静期。大地震前后地震集中发生的事例很多。例如 ,日本东北部三陆近海大地震前后 ,M 7.5以上的大…     

1999年台湾岛集集Mw7．6级地震前的地震平静

1999年9月20日台湾岛集集地震之前，该地区的地震活动率显著减少。从1994年到1999年9月20日的台湾地震目录可以看出，异常从1999年1月开始，持续了约9个月，直到主震发生。本结果表明：该地区2．0级以上地震的平均活动率为每月蝎5个，标准偏差为78。异常期间，该地区的地震活动率减少为平均每月314个，标准偏差在1的范围内。通过z值图的分析可以看出，在集集地震的震源区周围，在地震活动性明显增大的同时，b值也有持续减少的趋势。     

1988年云南澜沧—耿马大地震前地震活动平静的统计研究

本文根据大地震前包含异常活动时段的地震序列全过程可以看作是非齐次泊松过程的理论，详细研究了１９８８年１１月澜沧－耿马大地震前（１９８０．１－１９８８．１０）澜沧到腾冲地区地震活动在时间和空间上的变化过程。     

所有的地震都去哪儿了？

所有的地震都去哪儿了？莫纳斯特尔斯基地震学家感到疑惑的是为什么夏威夷的基拉韦亚火山变得平静了。频繁的雷电和咆哮的大风过后，天空一片阴暗，预示着一场大暴雨即将来临。然而，就在暴雨之前的瞬间，狂风突然停止———暴雨前的平静。地震学家对地震这种现象有自己的...     

中强地震平静是汶川8.0级地震前最显著的地震活动异常

本文对四川地区1923年以来5.0级以上地震资料进行了分析研究。 结果表明, 研究区中强地震经历了4个较为完整的周期活动, 中强地震具有16年的准周期活动特征, 平静期持续5年左右, 从2008年汶川8.0级地震开始, 研究区将进入第5个活动周期, 其可能的持续时间为2024年前后。 2008年汶川8.0级地震前, 5.0～5.9级、 6.0～6.9级、 7.0～8.0级三个档次的地震事件的平静间隔均达到统计时段的历史之最, 三个档次地震的平静均被汶川8.0级地震直接打破, 中强地震超长平静是汶川8.0级地震前最为显著的异常现象。     

前兆性地震平静研究

作为一种重要的强震前兆现象, 地震平静有可能提供关于地震位置、时间和大小的有用信息,在地震预测中将具有重要作用.为全面了解地震平静这一极具希望的前兆现象,本文将详细地阐述地震平静的定义、研究方法、存在规律、模型及其可能的物理机制,并对存在的问题与未来的发展提出初步的设想.     

华南中强震前区域地震活动增强平静特征

研究了华南地区19次中强地震前区域地震活动的增强与平静特征,并据此提取了华南地区短期预报指标,即增强—平静后,3个月内发震;地震发生在异常平静区;震级一般为中强地震。     

华北地震区地震平静幕持续时间的变化及其解释

本文研究了华北地震区地震平静幕持续时间的变化。发现在每个地震活动期里地震平静幕的持续时间以非线性方式衰减。笔者用灰色系统ＧＭ（１，１）模型拟合了这一非线性特点并用流变体模型对这个特点作了初步解释。     

Precursory seismic quiescence: A preliminary assessment of the hypothesis

Numerous cases of precursory seismic quiescence have been reported in recent years. Some investigators have interpreted these observations as evidence that seismic quiescence is a somewhat reliable precursor to moderate or large earthquakes. However, because failures of the pattern to predict earthquakes may not, in general, be reported, and because numerous earthquakes are not preceded by quiescence, the validity and reliability of the quiescence precursor have not been established.We have analyzed the seismicity rate prior to, and in the source region of, 37 shallow earthquakes (M 5.3–7.0) in central California and Japan for patterns of rate fluctuation, especially precursory quiescence. Nonuniformity in rate for these pre-mainshock sequences is relatively high, and numerous intervals with significant (p<0.10) extrema in rate are observed in some of the sequences. In other sequences, however, the rate remains within normal limits up to the time of the mainshock. Overall, in terms of an observational basis for intermediate-term earthquake prediction, no evidence is found in the cases studied for a systematic, widespread or reliable pattern of quiescence prior to the mainshocks.In earthquake sequences comprising full seismic cycles for 5 sets of (M 3.7–5.1) repeat earthquakes on the San Andreas fault near Bear Valley, California, the seismicity rates are found to be uniform. A composite of the estimated rate fluctuations for the sequences, normalized to the length of the seismic cycle, reveals a weak pattern of a low rate in the first third of the cycle, and a high rate in the last few months. While these observations are qualitative, they may represent weak expressions of physical processes occurring in the source region over the seismic cycle.Re-examination of seismicity rate fluctuations in volumes along the creeping section of the San Andreas fault specified by Wyss and Burford (1985) qualitatively confirms the existence of low-rate intervals in volumes 361, 386, 382, 372 and 401. However, only the quiescence in volume 386 is found by the present study to be statistically significant.     

Patterns of significant seismic quiescence on the Mexican Pacific coast

Many authors have proposed that the study of seismicity rates is an appropriate technique for evaluating how close a seismic gap may be to rupture. We designed an algorithm for identification of patterns of significant seismic quiescence by using the definition of seismic quiescence proposed by Schreider (1990). This algorithm shows the area of quiescence where an earthquake of great magnitude may probably occur. We have applied our algorithm to the earthquake catalog on the Mexican Pacific coast located between 14 and 21 degrees of North latitude and 94 and 106 degrees West longitude; with depths less than or equal to 60 km and magnitude greater than or equal to 4.3, which occurred from January, 1965 until December, 2014. We have found significant patterns of seismic quietude before the earthquakes of Oaxaca (November 1978, M_w = 7.8), Petatlán (March 1979, M_w = 7.6), Michoacán (September 1985, M_w = 8.0, and M_w = 7.6) and Colima (October 1995, M_w = 8.0). Fortunately, in this century earthquakes of great magnitude have not occurred in Mexico. However, we have identified well-defined seismic quiescences in the Guerrero seismic-gap, which are apparently correlated with the occurrence of silent earthquakes in 2002, 2006 and 2010 recently discovered by GPS technology.     

青藏高原北部地区地震统计区划分及地震活动特征

地震统计区的划分是研究地震活动性的重要前提和基础,通过对青藏高原北部地区构造地质背景的分析,依据地球物理特征和强震活动特点,讨论和划分该区地震活动统计区,探讨研究区地震活动的复发特点、地震构造特征、潜在地震危险性及强度,分析研究区未来强震发生的强度和可能地点,结果表明,目前青藏高原北部地区处于第8个活跃期,仍存在发生强震的可能,且未来数年存在发生7级以上地震的可能,应密切东昆仑断裂带东段和祁连山中西段地区。     

基于测震观测的波形分析应用软件WAVE2005

首先概述了数字地震波形分析的重要性及该领域一些主要波形分析软件的概况,然后介绍了《数字地震波形分析-WAVE Version 2005》软件的设计目标、研制思路、系统特点、框架结构、操作界面、技术特点、方法功能等;最后给出了一个应用的实例.     

双场点地震危险性分析方法及其应用

提出了双场点地震危险性分析方法,用以计算在相同地震构造环境中,相同地震作用下的相邻两个工程场点同时超越其给定地震动参数的概率.该方法是确定系统的危险段落、场点遭受的附加地震危险的有效工具.基于汶川MS8.0地震后大渡河干流及邻近地区的地震环境,以大渡河干流梯级水电站系统为例,确定了大渡河干流梯级水电站各个河段的地震危险性.其中危险性最高的3个河段是:龚嘴—铜街子河段、沙坪—龚嘴河段和大岗山—龙头石河段.     

The application of seismic data with different precision in the determination of seismicity parameters

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地震活动性研究中资料可靠性及其他影响震兆异常识别的问题

从地震目录的完整性和连续性，地震定位和震级测定的精度，统计时空范围的选取和地震活动随时间起伏的确定等方面论述了地震活动性研究中必须重视资料可靠性，并评述了一些资料预处理方法的优缺点。     

A seismic gap on the Anninghe fault in western Sichuan,China

Through integrated analyses of time-varying patterns of regional seismicity, occurrence background of strong and large historical earthquakes along active faults, and temporal-spatial distribution of accu- rately relocated hypocenters of modern small earthquakes, this paper analyzes and discusses the im- plication of a 30-year-lasting seismic quiescence in the region along and surrounding the Anninghe and Zemuhe faults in western Sichuan, China. It suggests that the seismic quiescence for ML≥4.0 events has been lasting in the studied region since January, 1977, along with the formation and evaluation of a seismic gap of the second kind, the Anninghe seismic gap. The Anninghe seismic gap has the background of a seismic gap of the first kind along the Anninghe fault, and has resulted from evident fault-locking and strain-accumulating along the fault during the last 30 years. Now, two fault sections either without or with less small earthquakes exist along the Anninghe fault within the An- ninghe seismic gap. They indicate two linked and locked fault-sections, the northern Mianning section and the Mianning-Xichang section with lengths of 65 km and 75 km and elapsed time from the latest large earthquakes of 527 and 471 years, respectively. Along the Anninghe fault, characteristics of both the background of the first kind seismic gap and the seismicity patterns of the second seismic gap, as well as the hypocenter depth distribution of modern small earthquakes are comparable, respectively, to those appearing before the M=8.1 Hoh Xil earthquake of 2001 and to those emerging in the 20 years before the M=7.1 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 1989, suggesting that the Anninghe seismic gap is tending to become mature, and hence its mid- to long-term potential of large earthquakes should be noticeable. The probable maximum magnitudes of the potential earthquakes are estimated to be as large as 7.4 for both the two locked sections of the Anninghe fault.     

Interrelation between seismicity parameters and delimiting potential seismic sources in a seismic statistical region and its influence on seismic risk estimation

In the paper, we have discovered the abnormal area distribution features of maximum variation values of ground motion parameter uncertainty with different probabilities of exceedance in 50 years within the range of 100°～120°E,29°～42°N for the purpose to solve the problem that abnormal areas of maximum variation values of ground motion parameter uncertainties emerge in a certain cities and towns caused by seismicity parameter uncertainty in a seismic statistical region in an inhomogeneous distribution model that considers tempo-spatial nonuniformity of seismic activity. And we have also approached the interrelation between the risk estimation uncertainty of a site caused by seismicity parameter uncertainty in a seismic statistical region and the delimitation of potential sources, as well as the reasons for forming abnormal areas. The results from the research indicate that the seismicity parameter uncertainty has unequal influence on the uncertainty of risk estimation at each site in a statistical region in the inhomogeneous distribution model, which relates to the scheme for delimiting potential sources. Abnormal areas of maximum variation values of ground motion parameter uncertainty often emerge in the potential sources of Mu≥8 (Mu is upper limit of a potential source) and their vicinity. However, this kind of influence is equal in the homogeneous distribution model. The uncertainty of risk estimation of each site depends on its seat. Generally speaking, the sites located in the middle part of a statistical region are only related to the seismicity parameter uncertainty of the region, while the sites situated in or near the juncture of two or three statistical regions might be subject to the synthetic influences of seismicity parameter uncertainties of several statistical regions.