赣南淘锡坑钨矿床流体包裹体地球化学研究

赣南崇义县淘锡坑钨矿位于南岭东西向构造带东段与武夷山北东-北北东向构造带南段的复合部位,属于以石英脉型黑钨矿为主的钨多金属矿床.对该矿床主成矿期与黑钨矿共生的石英和黑钨矿的流体包裹体进行了系统研究,结果显示,与黑钨矿共生石英中流体包裹体均一温度主要集中在160-260℃之间,盐度为1.64％～6.67％;黑钨矿中流体包...     

Fluid inclusion study of Xihuashan tungsten deposit in the southern Jiangxi province,China

The Xihuashan tungsten deposit is closely related to a small highly evolved granitic intrusion. The fluid phases associated with the wolframite-bearing quartz veins have been investigated using microthermometry and the Raman microprobe; they are highly variable in density and composition. The earlier fluids are low-density and low-salinity CO₂-bearing aqueous solutions circulating at temperatures up to 420 °C, and low-salinity (2–3 equiv. wt% NaCl) aqueous solutions without traces of CO₂ circulating at high temperatures 280°–400 °C) involved in a specific hydrothermal fracturing event; limited unmixing occurs at 380 °C and 200–100 bar in response to a sudden pressure drop. The second types of fluids related to deposition of idiomorphic drusy quartz are typical CO₂-bearing aqueous solutions with low salinity (2.5 equiv. wt% NaCl) homogenizing at low to moderate temperatures (180°–340 °C). The late fluids characterize the sulfide deposition stage; they are aqueous fluids with variable salinities homogenizing in the liquid phase between 100° and 275 °C. The Xihuashan hydrothermal evolution resulted from a discontinuous sequence of specific events occurring between 420° and 150 °C and during a continuous hydrothermal evolution of the system during cooling. The role played by the CO₂-rich fluids in the transport and deposition of tungsten in the hydrothermal environment is discussed.     

甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义

位于西秦岭礼(县)- 岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5~150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%~92.73%,Ag=7.41%~9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905~926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。     

甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义

位于西秦岭礼(县)-岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5～150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%～92.73%,Ag=7.41%～9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905～926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。     

陕西南郑地区马元锌矿的地球化学特征及成矿时代

马元锌矿带是近年来地质找矿的重要成果之一,资源潜力巨大。矿带位于扬子地台北缘,锌矿化赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩的层间断裂带中,受地层层位控制,闪锌矿与固体沥青伴生。对闪锌矿进行了Rb-Sr等时线年龄测定,获得马元锌矿的成矿年龄为486Ma左右;根据对矿物C、H、O、S同位素和微量、稀土元素的研究,认为该锌矿的成矿物质来自围岩地层。综合分析表明,该锌矿为赋存于震旦系碳酸盐岩中的MVT层控矿床。     

Trace elements mineral chemistry of sulfides from the Woxi Au-Sb-W deposit,southern China

The Woxi Au-Sb-W deposit is one of the largest polymetallic ore deposits in the Xuefengshan Range, southern China, hosted in low-grade metamorphosed Neoproterozoic volcaniclastic rocks. The orebodies of the deposit are predominantly composed of banded quartz veins, which are strictly controlled by bedding and faults. Petrographic observations and geochemical results are reported on the occurrence of Au and properties of the ore-forming processes for different stages in the deposit. The veins extend vertically up to 2 km without obvious vertical metal zoning. The ore-forming process can be subdivided into four mineralization stages: Pre-ore stage; Early stage (scheelite-quartz stage); Middle stage (pyrite-stibnite-quartz stage); and Late stage (stibnite-quartz sage). Four types of pyrite (Py0, Py1, Py2, and Py3) were identified in the ores and host-rock: Py0 occurs as euhedral grains with voids in the core, ranging in size from 50 to 100 μm and formed mainly in the Pre-ore stage and Early stage; Py1 occurs as subhedral grains. Small grains (around 10 μm) of Py1 form irregularly shaped clusters of variable size ranging from tens to hundreds of μm and mainly formed in the Middle stage; Euhedral-subhedral fine-grained Py2 formed in the Late stage; Minor subhedral fine-grained Py3 was deposited in the Late-stage. Stibnite is widely distributed in the Middle and Late stage ore veins. No systemic difference was recognized in mineralogical features among stibnite formed in different stages. In addition to native gold, the lattice bound Au⁺¹ widely exists in Py1 and Py2 in the deposit, and widespread Py1 is considered as the main Au-bearing mineral with the highest Au contents. Most elements (such as Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Ba, and Pb) are considered to occur as solid solution within the crystal lattice and/or invisible nanoparticles in sulfides minerals. The Co/Ni ratio of most pyrite is lower than 1, suggesting that the metals in the ore-forming fluid are sourced from sedimentary rocks. The coupled behavior between Au and As; Au and Sb suggests that the substitution of As and Sb in pyrite can enhance the incorporation of Au. Variation of trace elements in pyrites of different stages suggests some information on the mineralization processes: Large ion lithophile elements (such as Ba and Pb) are enriched in Py0 indicating that water-rock reaction occurred in the Early stage; Fine-grained Py1 with a heterogeneous distribution of elements suggests fast crystallization of pyrite in the Middle stage.     

赣南漂塘钨矿流体包裹体研究

赣南是我国最重要的钨矿产地,漂塘钨矿是赣南的一个重要的大型石英脉型黑钨矿床,含矿石英脉具有多阶段矿化的特征。本文采用“流体包裹体组合”（FIA）,这一国际上近年来提出的适用于多阶段流体活动的包裹体研究新方法,对漂塘钨矿主成矿阶段,即黑钨矿-锡石-硫化物-石英脉阶段的含矿石英脉中流体包裹体进行岩相学和显微测温研究,并运用显微激光拉曼光谱测试技术对不同流体包裹体组合（FIA）中单个流体包裹体成分进行测试。结果表明,主成矿阶段具有明显的两期流体活动特征,流体组分主要为水溶液,不含或只含少量的CO2。     

藏南邦布大型金矿成矿流体He-Ar-S同位素组成及其成矿意义

邦布金矿床位于青藏高原雅鲁藏布江结合带东段南侧,矿体受大型脆-韧性剪切带的次级断裂控制,其一系列地质地球化学特征显示该矿属于造山型金矿。其含金石英脉中黄铁矿的流体包裹体3He/4He=0.174～1.010Ra,40Ar/36Ar=311.9～1724.9,矿物δ34S=2.8‰～4.7‰,平均3.6‰;围岩中不含金黄铁矿流体包裹体3He/4He=0.01137Ra,40Ar/36Ar=1709.7,矿物δ34S=6.5‰,显示邦布金矿成矿流体主要由地壳流体组成,但其中有地幔流体的加入,幔源He占2.7%～16.7%。由壳幔相互作用导致的幔源流体的加入是邦布金矿重要的成矿条件。在印度板块与欧亚大陆板块碰撞过程中,形成切穿地壳的纵向剪切带,深源地幔流体上升,与地壳来源的富CO2流体混合,由于温度和压力下降和流体沸腾导致含金硫化物和石英结晶,并在其次级断裂构造中形成邦布金矿体。     

西藏沙拉岗锑矿控矿构造及成矿时代约束

西藏沙拉岗锑矿床位于中国北喜马拉雅地区然巴杂岩穹窿的东南部40km。该地区至少有4种矿床类型被发现:(1)金矿;(2)金锑矿;(3)锑矿;(4)铅锌(银,锑)矿。沙拉岗是该地区代表性的一个以辉锑矿为主要矿石矿物的脉状锑矿床。赋矿围岩为下白垩统甲不拉组板岩、粉砂岩、硅质岩以及辉长岩和闪长岩等侵入体。主要的矿体受控于近东西向和近南北向断裂构造。近东西向的断裂构造多为低角度浅层次的层间断裂,在成矿前和成矿后均有活动。近南北向的构造多为高角度的断裂,切割了矿区的近东西向断裂,闪长岩和辉长岩,是主要的导矿构造和成矿要素,连通了深部含矿热液和浅表近东西向断裂构造。当近东西向和近南北向的构造发生交汇,沿断裂构造分布的蚀变和矿化的规模随之扩大,往往存在较大规模的工业矿体。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb分析说明辉长岩形成于23.6Ma左右,近南北向断裂构造及其伴随的锑矿化的时间,至少要晚于23.6Ma。     

赣南淘锡坑钨矿床He-Ar同位素地球化学研究

华南石英脉型黑钨矿的形成一直被认为是与地壳沉积物质重熔形成的S型花岗岩有关。然而,近年来对南岭中生代成岩成矿机制的研究发现,地幔组分可能参与了钨、锡成矿作用。本文对淘锡坑石英脉型钨多金属矿床与黑钨矿共生的黄铁矿和毒砂中流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素进行了研究。结果显示,上述矿物中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He值为0. 37～2. 11Ra(Ra为空气的~3He/~4He值,1Ra=1. 39×10~(-6)),介于地幔与地壳的~3He/~4He值之间;~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar值为309. 5～383. 6,平均335. 4,略高于大气的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值(295. 5)。研究表明,成矿流体具有壳-幔两端元混合的特征。其中,地壳端元的流体为经过地下循环的低温饱和大气水,地幔端元的流体为矿区隐伏花岗岩体成岩过程中分异出的岩浆流体。结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床的形成与华南中生代燕山期发生的软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄、地壳伸展等地球动力学作用有密切联系。这种动力学过程为地幔组分带来的热引起地壳沉积物质重熔形成钨多金属成矿花岗岩浆提供了条件。     

甘南阳山金矿床控矿构造的思考

阳山金矿床位于甘肃省陇南市文县境内,其大地构造位置处于西秦岭构造带的玛曲- 略阳深大断裂南侧,是西秦岭地区为数有限的大型金矿床之一。该区控矿构造复杂,经过20多年的研究仍然存在很大争议。本文通过对矿区含矿构造的调查结合区域构造环境,重新厘定了含矿构造的特征,并对该矿床控矿构造的相关问题进行了讨论。研究结果显示,阳山金矿床控矿构造是以走向NEE,倾向NNW为主的偏脆性逆冲推覆构造系统,形成于俯冲- 碰撞早期的韧性变形之后。含矿构造与千枚岩的千枚理没有直接的关系,可以与千枚理近于平行,或小角度斜交,或大角度斜交,主要以倾向北的断裂为主,少量为主逆冲断层上盘的倾向南的次级反向逆冲断裂,局部为顺千枚理的层间破裂。含矿构造对岩性没有选择性,但是不同岩性岩石的不同力学性质影响了含矿构造的发育与否和发育程度。阳山金矿区进一步工作中值得思考和关注的问题：① 矿区构造格架上葛条湾- 草坪梁复背斜可能不存在,也未起控矿作用;② 成矿后断裂对矿体空间展布的影响;③ 在勘查编录中对各种构造破碎带需要详细的描述,以明确区分含矿构造与成矿后构造,为构建控矿构造体系准备素材,为进一步找矿预测和勘查工程部署提供技术支撑。     

桂东北黄关萤石矿床稀土元素和氢氧同位素特征

桂东北地区热液脉状萤石矿床数量众多,但萤石矿床的成矿流体性质和矿质来源不甚清楚。本文以黄关萤石矿床作为研究对象,在详细野外地质调查的基础上开展了萤石稀土元素测试及氢氧同位素研究,并与都庞岭花岗岩的全岩稀土元素特征进行对比。结果显示：萤石ΣREE = 38.08×10^-6~83.23×10^-6,花岗岩围岩ΣREE = 122.02×10^-6~199.56×10^-6,围岩花岗岩与萤石的稀土元素配分曲线均呈右倾型,具有同步性,表明矿物形成与围岩花岗岩关系密切;Eu无明显异常,Ce弱负异常或异常不明显,指示萤石在相对氧化的环境下形成;氢氧同位素测试结果显示,δD_V-SMOW介于-50.4‰~-34.7‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW介于-9.8‰~-5.5‰,认为成矿流体以大气降水为主。矿床成矿物质F来自于都庞岭花岗岩体,Ca主要来自地层,部分来自岩体。

     

藏南冲木达铜矿地质特征

藏南冲木达铜矿床属矽卡岩型铜矿床。矿区出露地层为上侏罗统—下白垩统桑日群比马组,遭受不同程度的矽卡岩化蚀变或区域浅变质作用。矿区铜矿(化)体主要赋存于比马组3~4段透辉石榴矽卡岩、矽卡岩化大理岩中,并主要产出于断裂构造带及其断裂两侧附近。铜矿(化)的形成经历了矽卡岩化阶段和热液硫化物阶段。     

Distribution of aliphatic,nonhydrolyzable biopolymers in marine microalgae

The recent discovery of several marine microalgal species which biosynthesize nonhydrolyzable, aliphatic biomacromolecules, termed algaenans, has provided new insights about the nature and origin of the organic matter preserved in marine sediments. This paper reports the examination of 12 new species of marine microalgae from five different classes; the results are discussed together with previous observations on marine algaenans. None of the diatoms and prymnesiophytes and only one of the dinoflagellates examined in the present study produced algaenan, whereas all the eustigmatophytes biosynthesize a very specific algaenan composed of polyether-linked long-chain alkyl units. Many of the chlorophytes investigated, as with their freshwater counterparts, also produce algaenan. The location of the algaenan in the algal cells and the resistance of these materials to chemical and bacterial attack are discussed with respect to their role as a potential sink of organic carbon in aquatic environments.     

赣南崇义地区淘锡坑钨矿的地质特征与成矿时代

江西省崇义县淘锡坑钨矿区位于南岭东西向构造带东段与武夷山北东—北北东向构造带南段的复合部位,是九龙脑-淘锡坑矿田的一个重要矿区,属于以石英脉型黑钨矿为主的钨多金属矿床。矿脉穿切于震旦系中,成矿主要受北西向断裂控制, 成因与燕山期岩浆作用有关。选取舍矿石英脉中与黑钨矿共生的辉钼矿进行Re-Os等时线年龄的测定,得到辉钼矿的等时线年龄为154．4Ma±3．8Ma,黑钨矿的模式年龄为164．0Ma+2．7Ma,表明该矿床形成于燕山早期。     

南苏鲁超高压变质带东海地区富钛榴辉岩及金红石矿的成因

苏鲁超高压变质带南部的东海地区有富Fe—Ti的钛铁矿榴辉岩和富Ti的金红石榴辉岩。富Fe—Ti榴辉岩的次要矿物主要由钛铁矿和钛磁铁矿组成,可舍少量金红石,具有很低的Si02（38．0％-42．3％）、Na20＋K20（0．48％～2．13％）和Zr、Nb、Ta、Ba、1Kb、REE含量,很高的FeO（18．24％-25．33％）、V和Co含量,并具有不同程度的LREE亏损、明显的正Eu异常;富Ti金红石榴辉岩舍有丰富的金红石和磷灰石,SiO2含量范围（38．0％-54．8％）较宽,FeO含量较低,P2O5含量较高（可达4．1％）,而X-TiO2与P205含量具正相关性。相对于原始地慢岩．富Ti金红石榴辉岩具有Rb、Th、K、Nb、Pr、Nd、Eu、Ti、Lu的负异常和Ba、Sr、Zr的正异常．并具相对较高的IKEE含量,LREE富集和HREE亏损的1KEE分配型式。岩石学和地球化学特征揭示,Fe—Ti榴辉岩的原岩是变质的Fe—Ti辉长岩,是基性岩浆强烈分离结晶作用形成的超基性-基性-中酸性层状侵入体的特征组成部分。     

Environmental processes derived from peatland geochemistry since the last deglaciation in Dajiuhu,Shennongjia, central China

The Dajiuhu mire deposit is a sensitive archive of palaeoenvironmental evolution in the East Asian monsoon region. The aim of this study of the elemental geochemistry of a sediment core from Dajiuhu was to improve our understanding of the geochemical behaviour of elements in peat deposits, as well as the environmental and climatic history of the East Asian monsoon region since the Late Pleistocene. We conducted a principal components analysis (PCA) on inorganic geochemical data obtained by ICP‐MS and XRFS from a sediment core spanning the last 16 ka. In addition, spectral analysis was applied to the PC1 score profile to test periodicities. The PCA results suggest that variations in elemental concentrations in the Dajiuhu core are controlled by three main factors: input of inorganic mineral matter, effect of biological processes and a combination of changes in redox conditions and biological processes. Interpretation of the data suggests that monsoon precipitation increased, albeit with significant volatility, during the last deglaciation (16.0–11.3 cal. ka BP). The early Holocene (11.3–9.4 cal. ka BP) was a humid period, and was followed by monsoon deterioration in the early stages of the middle Holocene. A warm and wet climate dominated between 7.0 and 4.2 cal. ka BP, correlating with the Holocene Climatic Optimum. After a two‐step decrease in monsoon precipitation, beginning at 4.2 cal. ka BP, the climate became more arid until 0.9 cal. ka BP, after which humidity once again increased. The spectral analysis revealed statistically significant periodicities of approximately 1480, 360, 316, 204 and 188 years, indicating solar forcing for the East Asian monsoon evolution over millennial to centennial time scales and a link between the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate.     

湖南宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床构造控岩控矿模式

湖南宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床位于南岭东西向构造带与耒阳—临武南北向构造带的复合部位,是该区大型—超大型矿床的典型代表之一。矿床（体）与燕山早期花岗闪长斑岩体在空间上关系密切,均明显受构造控制。在大比例尺构造剖面精细解析基础上,分析构造类型及其主要特征,总结构造控岩控矿规律。研究认为:矽卡岩型铜钼矿体主要受北东—北东东向褶皱控制;热液脉型铅锌银矿体主要受褶皱翼部层间断裂及北东向压扭性断裂控制。构造应力场最大主应力方向经历了成矿前近南北向→成矿期近东西向→成矿后北东—南西向的转变。北东—北东东向压扭性断裂为导矿构造,北西西向张扭性断裂为控岩构造。构造不仅控制了成矿岩体的展布,而且控制了成矿类型的变化。在此基础上,建立了构造控岩控矿模式,指示已知矿体北西侧深部是有利的找矿地段。该研究为深部找矿预测提供重要依据,对坪宝矿田的找矿部署和深部勘查具有参考意义。      

Occurrence of highly abundant bacterial hopanoids in Dajiuhu peatland, central China

Based on gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, an amazing amount of hopanoids was detected in the peat deposits in the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park in central China. The hopanoids identified included hopanes (C₂₇-C₃₁ αβ, C₂₇-C₃₂ ββ, C₂₉ βα), hopenes (hop-22(29)-ene, 22,29,30-trinorhop-17(21)-ene, hop-17(21)-ene, hop-13(18)-ene, etc.), hopanoic acids (C₃₁-C₃₄ ββ, C₃₂-C₃₃ βα, C₃₂ αβ), hopanols (C₃₂ ββ and αβ) and hopanone (22,29,30-trinorhop-21-one). C₃₁ αβ-22R hopane was found to be the dominant hopanoid, more abundant than individual nalkanes derived from higher plants. These hopanoids, exclusive of some hopenes, are proposed to be primarily from bacteria. The dominant C₃₁ αβ-22R hopane in young sediments, without any thermal maturation, might be formed through microbial epimerization under acidic conditions in the peatland as suggested before, or directly from aerobic bacteria. This finding highlights the importance of microbes in the formation of peatland as well as in the reconstruction of paleoenvironments.