龙门山南段二叠系—下三叠统的古地磁研究

为了约束龙门山南段的构造运动特征,文章对龙门山南段大川镇附近的下三叠统飞仙关组淡紫灰色泥岩、粉砂岩和宝兴地区的二叠系灰岩开展了古地磁研究。古地磁样品取自10个采样点,其中3个采点为二叠系灰岩;7个采点为飞仙关组淡紫灰色泥岩、粉砂岩。对样品开展了逐步热退磁、岩石磁学（等温剩磁获得曲线和三轴等温剩磁热退磁）及扫描电镜实验。80个样品进行的逐步热退磁实验结果显示,二叠系灰岩样品未分离出稳定的特征剩磁;飞仙关组样品分离出了稳定的特征剩磁,并通过了广义褶皱检验,其特征剩磁的平均方向为：Ds=36.9°,Is=16.5°,α95=5.9°,K=33.8,N=18,对应的古地磁极投在了华南视极移曲线的早三叠世段附近。岩石磁学实验结果表明飞仙关组样品的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,扫描电镜观察展示其为碎屑状的铁氧化物,且无明显成岩后自生特征。结合退磁曲线特征,扫描电镜微观特征,特征剩磁的古地磁极位置和岩石磁学结果,飞仙关组样品的特征剩磁很可能为原生剩磁。该结果表明龙门山褶皱冲断带与四川盆地的没有明显地相对构造旋转运动,自晚三叠世以来,其与龙门山北段以及四川盆地在动力学上是统一的构造单元。     

羌塘地块西部晚三叠世灰岩古地磁研究及其构造意义

青藏高原羌塘地块和拉萨地块汇聚-碰撞拼合过程的研究对认识青藏高原中部隆升历史及其动力学过程具有重要的科学意义,而羌塘地块古地磁研究对理解上述问题至关重要。通过对羌塘地块西部改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的系统古地磁测定,获得其高温剩磁分量。但是这一高温剩磁分量未通过褶皱检验,表明为后期重磁化的结果。研究剖面高温特征剩磁平均方向在地理坐标下为Dg=349.3°,Ig=40.4°,κg=45.4,α95=6.5°,相应的古地磁极为76.4°N,311.1°E,dp/dm=4.7°/7.9°。这一古地磁极与羌塘地块早白垩世约110～100 Ma的古地磁极在古地磁误差范围内重合,表明其重磁化的时代为早白垩世约110～100 Ma。综合分析羌塘地块和拉萨地块古地磁结果,并结合海相地层、蛇绿岩和洋岛等地质证据,显示班公湖-怒江特提斯洋西段闭合的时间发生在早白垩世晚期约110～100Ma。改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的早白垩世晚期重磁化作用与羌塘/拉萨地块西部的碰撞密切相关。     

青藏高原拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁结果及其构造意义

报道拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁研究的初步结果。古地磁样品来自措勤县敌布错北缘新发现的海相三叠纪地层,共采集6个采点67块独立定向样品。岩石磁学实验表明,样品中含有大量中低矫顽力中等阻挡温度的磁性矿物和一定量的磁铁矿。于4个采点的47块样品中分离出现代地磁场的低温粘滞剩磁(分量A),在6个采点66块样品中获得白垩纪的次生剩磁分量(分量B),5个采点28块样品获得高温特征剩磁分量(分量C)。分量C仅可在少数以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物的样品高温区间(525~585℃)获得,可通过标准褶皱检验,为岩石形成时期的原生剩磁信息。计算得出拉萨地块三叠纪的古地磁极位置:φρ=17.4°N、λρ=205.9°E、(dp=6.7,dm=3.7),该结果表明拉萨地块三叠纪处于南纬中低纬度地区。结合羌塘古地磁结果推测,羌北地块与拉萨地块之间班公湖—怒江缝合带所代表的特提斯洋盆可能在早三叠世打开,早三叠世—晚三叠世期间快速扩张并推动羌北地块快速北移,促使了羌北地块与欧亚大陆南缘的拼合。     

海南岛白垩纪古地磁结果及其构造地质意义

对海南岛地区白垩系鹿母湾组和报万组碎屑岩219个独立定向岩芯样品(29个采点)的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究表明,白垩纪的碎屑岩以赤铁矿为主要载磁矿物。逐步热退磁分析表明,绝大多数样品可分离出特征剩磁分量。综合前人的结果,获早白垩世特征剩磁方向D=6.5°,I=42.7°,κ=73.4,α95=8.2°;晚白垩世特征剩磁方向D=6.7°,I=44.7°,κ=125.5,α95=5.4°。其早白垩世古纬度24.8°(+6.2°/-5.8°),晚白垩世古纬度26.3°(+4.6°/-4.0°);均位于现在地理位置以北约5°～6°。与华南板块东南缘白垩纪的古地磁数据对比表明,晚白垩世海南地块仍是华南板块的一部分。海南岛白沙断裂东西两侧早白垩世古地磁数据的差异,表明存在一个北东向的构造走滑带,白沙断裂可能是华南沿海北东向构造带的南延部分。海南岛白垩纪古地磁结果也表明,相对印支地块,海南岛在早白垩世时发生了25°左右局部顺时针旋转。推测此局部旋转很可能与晚侏罗世—晚白垩世早期,印度洋开始第一次海底扩张,印度板块向北运动有关。     

青藏高原北部柴达木块体晚二叠世古地磁结果及其构造意义

通过对柴达木地块天峻县组合玛地区晚二叠世13个采点的系统古地磁测定,揭示了一组高温特征剩磁分量.实验结果表明,采样剖面获得的晚二叠世古地磁结果具有正、反极性,其特征剩磁方向为:Dg=333.7°,Ig=37.3°,Kg=35.4,N=9,α95 =8.8;Ds=333.9°,Is=41.7°,Ks=69.9,α95 =6.2°,相对应的古地磁极位置为:64.0°N,342.4°E,A95=5.9°,古纬度为24.0°N.这一高温分量通过了倒转检验,我们认为这一高温特征剩磁分量很可能代表了研究区晚二叠世时期的原生特征剩磁.通过对比塔里木地块晚石炭-晚二叠世古地磁结果,发现两块体在晚石炭世存在明显的古纬度差(16.6±9.3°),而在晚二叠世其古纬度差(3.5±5.4°)在古地磁误差范围内并没有明显差别,从构造意义上说,说明柴达木地块在晚二叠世已是塔里木地块的一部分,结合地质资料,认为柴达木地块在晚二叠世时古地理位置处于塔里木地块的南缘或西南缘,这表明柴达木/塔里木地块间的古阿尔金断裂的形成时代不可能早于晚石炭世时,很可能形成于晚二叠世以后.     

青藏高原拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁结果及其构造意义

报道拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁研究的初步结果。古地磁样品来自措勤县敌布错北缘新发现的海相三叠纪地层,共采集6个采点67块独立定向样品。岩石磁学实验表明,样品中含有大量中低矫顽力中等阻挡温度的磁性矿物和一定量的磁铁矿。于4个采点的47块样品中分离出现代地磁场的低温粘滞剩磁（分量A）,在6个采点66块样品中获得白垩纪的次生剩磁分量（分量B）,5个采点28块样品获得高温特征剩磁分量（分量C）。分量C仅可在少数以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物的样品高温区间（525~585℃）获得,可通过标准褶皱检验,为岩石形成时期的原生剩磁信息。计算得出拉萨地块三叠纪的古地磁极位置：φρ=17.4°N、λρ=205.9°E、（dp=6.7,dm=3.7）,该结果表明拉萨地块三叠纪处于南纬中低纬度地区。结合羌塘古地磁结果推测,羌北地块与拉萨地块之间班公湖—怒江缝合带所代表的特提斯洋盆可能在早三叠世打开,早三叠世—晚三叠世期间快速扩张并推动羌北地块快速北移,促使了羌北地块与欧亚大陆南缘的拼合。     

柴达木地块早奥陶世古地理位置的古地磁学约束

柴达木地块早古生代古地理位置和构造归属长期存在争议.前人根据沉积地层和古生物资料认为柴达木地块早奥陶世位于赤道附近的低纬度地区,但是这种定性认识还缺少古地磁学的定量证据.本次研究对柴达木地块欧龙布鲁克地区下奥陶统多泉山组灰岩开展了古地磁学研究,通过系统热退磁获得了8个采点的高温特征剩磁分量,其构造校正后的古地磁平均方向为Ds=345.3°,Is=-14.5°,κs=54.8,α95=7.5°.这一高温特征剩磁分量远离现代地磁场方向,且所有样品的特征剩磁分量均为反极性,其单一反极性特点与全球奥陶纪磁性地层研究确定的早奥陶世反向极性期相吻合,本文认为这一高温特征剩磁分量很可能代表了研究剖面早奥陶世时期的原生剩磁.根据奥陶纪地磁极性特征,确定柴达木地块早奥陶世的古地磁极位置为-43.4°N/116.9°E(dp/dm=3.9°/7.7°),相应的古纬度为7.4°N±5.5°(参考点:37.2°N/96.6°E),表明柴达木地块在早奥陶世位于赤道附近的低纬度位置.综合古生物和沉积学资料,提出柴达木地块早奥陶世可能处于华南地块北部,冈瓦纳古大陆澳大利亚陆块西北的古地理位置.     

内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世古地磁新数据及其地质意义

对采自内蒙古苏尼特左旗白音乌拉乡晚石炭世—早二叠世宝力高庙组和敖汉旗安庆沟乡晚石炭世酒局子组的凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩开展了古地磁学研究。宝力高庙组和酒局子组样品退磁特征表明,高温剩磁分量均以赤铁矿为主要载磁矿物,可能携带了岩石形成时期的特征剩磁分量。层面校正后2个组平均特征剩磁分量分别为:D=159.3°,I=-33.1°,α95=8.7°;D=328.8°,I=31.3°,α95=5.7°。这反映了内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世位于北纬17°—18°N。将所获得的古地磁结果与已发表的相邻地区古地磁数据进行比较,并结合古生物、古气候等地质数据,推测晚石炭世—早二叠世时内蒙古中部与华北地块关系密切,距离较近,而远离西伯利亚地块,内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世时可能是华北地块的组成部分。     

塔里木地块上石炭统的古地磁研究

本文对塔里木地块西北缘柯坪地区的3条上石炭统康克林组剖面进行了古地磁研究。95个定向岩心样品的逐步热退磁和交变退磁揭示出3个磁性组分,第一个是具有低解阻温度谱或低矫顽力谱在现代地磁场作用下形成的粘滞剩磁A(D=10°;I=56°,α95=4°);第二个是红色石英砂岩的具有反极性的高温组分B(D=217°,I=-43°,λ=56°,Φ=184°E;A25=6°详细研究表明,该分量受附近晚二叠世脉岩侵入的重磁化;第三个是灰岩高矫顽力谱的反极性组分C（D=241°、I=-51°,λ=41°N,Φ=160°E,A（?）=4°）。这一分量通讨倾斜检验,在95%概率水平上明显不同于塔里木地块目前已有的石炭纪以后的古地磁方向,它代表了原生剩磁。研究结果表明:（1）晚石炭世塔里木地块已和哈萨克斯坦地块、苏联西天山地块以及西伯利亚地块发生碰撞:（2）苏联西天山地块相对塔里木地块曾逆时针旋转了70°（欧拉极位置λ=8°N,Φ=69°E）,而塔里木地块则相对西伯利亚地块逆时计旋转了21°（欧拉极位置λ=20°N,Φ=34°E）。从该区已有的晚古生代至早三叠世占地磁数据看,这些地块之间的相对旋转运动发生于早三叠世之后。     

西藏喜马拉雅地块显生宙古地磁特征及其构造地质意义

通过对采自西藏南部喜马拉雅地块珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区奥陶系—古近系沉积地层中的2920件古地磁定向样品进行了系统测试研究,结果表明,喜马拉雅地块在显生宙时期向北漂移过程中曾发生过多次顺时针旋转运动。在奥陶纪—晚白垩世喜马拉雅地块在向北漂移过程中发生了大约20.0°的顺时针旋转运动。但在晚泥盆世末到早石炭世初曾发生了0.4°逆时针旋转,在石炭纪和早三叠世分别逆时针旋转了6.0°和8.0°,可能与晚泥盆世末到早石炭世初、石炭纪和早三叠世大陆裂谷的张裂作用有关。在晚三叠世-早侏罗世和晚侏罗世-早白垩世期间,分别发生了古纬度为2.0°和3.8°的向南回返的逆时针旋转,可能与雅鲁藏布新特提斯洋弧后扩张及洋盆开启有关。在始新世到上新世,喜马拉雅地块在相对快速北移的同时产生了约28.0°的顺时针旋转。根据古纬度数据推算,始新世以来的喜马拉雅陆-陆碰撞造山运动导致印度板块-喜马拉雅褶冲构造带-拉萨地块之间的地壳构造缩短量至少为1 000km。通过对珠穆朗玛峰地区显生宙古地磁的系统研究,为进一步深入研究冈瓦纳大陆的演化、古特提斯洋的形成、消亡历史和青藏高原隆升机制提供了科学依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

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