The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project: A Fifth Extract

The paper entitled The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project was published in The Photogrammetric Record, 14(82): 565-582 and contained, as Appendix A, an extract from the Archive concerned with the history of the Zeiss Stereoplanigraph in Great Britain. A further three extracts have since been published to provide details of direct optical projection instruments used in this country and of the Vivian Thompson Stereo-plotter.
This fifth extract deals with the Wild A5 and A6 instruments. Their introduction into the United Kingdom during and just prior to the Second World War, together with their important contributions to the war effort, make interesting reading. With a grand total of just five such instruments, they were well used throughout the period of hostilities.
This extract also includes a note on the Wild A4 instrument, designed for close range photogrammetry. This was the last instrument in which Wild made use of projector lenses but it has been included at this point so that all of the Wild instruments which are listed in the Catalogue (and therefore included in the Archive) are dealt with in numerical order.     

The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project: A Sixth Extract

The paper entitled The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project was published in The Photogrammetric Record, 14(82): 565-582 and contained, as Appendix A, an extract from the Archive concerned with the history of the Zeiss Stereoplanigraph in Great Britain. Further extracts have appeared in each of the subsequent issues.
This extract, the sixth of the series, completes the history of the use of the various types of Wild instrument in the United Kingdom. It is concerned with the later post-war instruments, in numerical order, from the A7 Autograph to the A10 and therefore includes a note on one of the most popular and successful analogue plotting instruments ever produced, the Wild A8 Stereoplotter.
At the moment, none of the instruments dealt with in this extract appear to be under immediate threat. However, their role as production instruments is fading fast in most organizations but they are being retained, often for training purposes.
The Archive contains no mention of the last and most refined range of analogue instruments produced by Wild as their Aviomap (AM) series. With the benefit of hindsight it is now obvious that, at the time of their introduction, the transition from analogue to analytical techniques was about to take place at an accelerating pace. There is therefore no entry in the Archive for any AM or AM-U instrument; none (or perhaps only a very few) seem to have been imported into the United Kingdom.     

The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project: An Eighth Extract

This eighth and penultimate extract from the Archive is an unusual one for a number of reasons. Of these the most important one is the fact that it is concerned solely with instruments produced in Great Britain. It is therefore concerned mainly with the Thompson-Watts plotter, the only British instrument to go into full-scale commercial production. Strictly speaking the other instrument included in this extract should not have had a separate entry at all, simply because no instrument of this type exists now and so cannot have an entry in the catalogue of instruments. However, in order to trace the development of the Thompson-Watts Mk 2 plotter, produced in 1963, from the remarkable work of Henry Fourcade carried out in the 1920s, the Barr and Stroud ZA2 plotter based on his work has been accorded an Appendix of its own.
Both instruments in this extract are based on an optical-mechanical solution to the photogrammetric problem of space intersection and the Thompson-Watts is in fact the only instrument of this type to be found in the catalogue. This particular solution did not find great favour on the continent and so few instruments of this type were produced commercially.     

The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project: a Fourth Extract

The paper entitled The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project was published in The Photogrammetric Record, 14(82): 565-582 (October 1993) and contained, as Appendix A, an extract from the Archive concerned with the history of the Zeiss Stereoplanigraph in Great Britain. A further two extracts have since been published to provide details of direct optical projection instruments used in this country. This fourth extract now goes on to begin to provide some details of analogue plotters that employed a purely mechanical solution. The first instrument of this type to be described is the Vivian Thompson Stereo-plotter of 1907. It was in fact the very first instrument of this important category ever to be produced but unfortunately it was also the only one produced in Great Britain.     

The Photogrammetric Society: 1952–2001

A scholarly account of the formative discussions, the founding and the first 20 years of the Photogrammetric Society was published in 1971 and republished in 1974. This present review concentrates on the latter years of the life of the Photogrammetric Society prior to its merger with the Remote Sensing Society in 2001.
The authors joined the Photogrammetric Society in 1960 and were conspicuous in its affairs for many years. Although both occupied the Society's presidential chair, they also fulfilled several other roles in its efficient management. Atkinson's first contribution to the Photogrammetric Record was published in 1968 and Newton's in 1971.     

Analogue, Analytical and Digital Photogrammetric Workstations: Practical Investigations of Peformance

Prospective customers often request information on the accuracy of digital photogrammetry. Suitable data have been scarce, so Leica has begun a programme of internal tests. These are neither comprehensive nor necessarily representative of other suppliers' equipment, but several experienced operators and sets of imagery are being used and the results do provide general guidelines. A selection of analogue, analytical and digital workstations is being tested, together with scanners giving different pixel sizes.
The early stages of the work are reported here. The tests include interior and exterior orientation of individual stereomodels followed by measurement of check points. Subsequent stages, covering DTMs, orthophotographs, mosaics and aerial triangulation, are planned.     

倾斜摄影测量技术在广州市治安界线项目中的应用

倾斜摄影测量技术是国际测绘遥感领域近年来发展起来的高新技术,利用该技术可以快速获取城市多视影像并实现三维实景建模.在广州市治安边界划界工作中,利用该项技术快速构建边界三维场景,通过对边界进行真实场景重构,社区民警足不出户即可完成各区之间治安边界的确认和划分.另外,将传统的治安界线走向文字描述转变为直观、真实的三维实景地...     

The Cape Town Stereotactic Pointer: A Novel Application of Photogrammetric Theory

Stereotactic methods have been successfully used for the treatment of a wide range of neurological disorders. The main difficulties experienced with the current systems are their cumbersome frames and their time consuming positioning procedures. The South African Medical Research Council/University of Cape Town Biostereometrics Group, together with the Department of Neurosurgery of the University of Cape Town, in an attempt to overcome the problems associated with the present stereotactic guidance frames, have developed a very simple probe pointing device. The Cape Town Stereotactic Pointer (CTSP) is based on stereophotogrammetric principles but uses computed tomography as the imaging and measuring medium.     

Windsor Castle: Photogrammetric And Archaeological Recording After The Fire

Following the disastrous fire in the State Apartments at Windsor Castle in 1992, a programme of photogrammetric surveying followed by archaeological recording was carried out by English Heritage. This paper details the background to this work, the provision of the photogrammetric surveys and the use and analysis of the data by the archaeology team.     

微型无人机航空摄影测量技术在宁夏土地整治中的应用--以宁夏中北部土地开发整理重大工程项目为例

简要介绍了宁夏土地开发整理概况和微型无人机的发展现状,阐述了无人机航空摄影测量技术在宁夏中北部土地开发整理中的应用。     

1:10000地形图航摄成图外业生产关键技术研究

介绍了目前1∶10 000地形图航摄成图的主要技术方案和像控测量的发展,提出了在1∶10 000地形图航摄成图外业生产的技术关键,并结合实际进行了分析、比较与总结。     

测绘新技术、新工艺在晋江市1:500航测成图工程中的应用

总结在晋江市1:500航测成图项目中数码影像、像片控制测量、外业调绘与补测等方面应用的新技术、新工艺,对基于数码影像结合全数字航空摄影测量系统生产1:500地形图的精度进行佑算和验证,提出该技术的发展展望.     

工程测量在建筑物纠偏中的应用

本文主要探讨在高密度的楼群中,如何测量倾斜楼房的倾斜量,计算纠偏所需的相对沉降量,为纠偏工程的设计提供精度可靠的数据;在纠偏过程中,利用观测的沉降值监控纠偏速度,使其均匀沉降,安全生产。     

The North American datum of 1983: Project methodology and execution

A new adjustment of the geodetic control networks in North America has been completed, resulting in a new continental datum—the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). The establishment ofNAD 83 was the result of an international project involving the National Geodetic Survey of the United States, the Geodetic Survey of Canada, and the Danish Geodetic Institute (responsible for surveying in Greenland). The geodetic data in Mexico and Central America were collected by the Inter American Geodetic Survey and validated by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center. The fundamental task ofNAD 83 was a simultaneous least squares adjustment involving 266,436 stations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central America. The networks in Greenland, Hawaii, and the Caribbean islands were connected to the datum through Doppler satellite and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. The computations were performed with respect to the ellipsoid of the Geodetic Reference System of 1980. The ellipsoid is positioned in such a way as to be geocentric, and its axes are oriented by the Bureau International de l'Heure Terrestrial System of 1984. The mathematical model for theNAD readjustment was the height-controlled three-dimensional system. The least squares adjustment involved 1,785,772 observations and 928,735 unknowns. The formation and solution of the normal equations were carried out according to the Helmert block method. [Authors' note:This article is a condensation of the final report of the NAD 83 project. The full report (Schwarz,1989) contains a more complete discussion of all the topics.]     

塔里木河干流裁弯工程原形河道观测实施方案研究

主要介绍在塔里木河进行河道原形观测的内容及其测量方案的确定。从精度上、可行性等几方面对测量方案进行定性、定量的剖析,指出高程控制是课题的核心,提出利用低等级、多观测替代高等级、多投入的测量方案,减小技术投入,解决测区无高级起算资料的难题,为在可用资料匮乏的地区进行类似测绘工作积累经验。